1、Introduction to Translation,Teaching Contents:An introduction to the course of translation Teaching Aims: To make students aware of what the course is about. Teaching Focus: The nature of the translation and the way to learn translation Teaching Methods: Discussion (group work, then class work). Tea
2、ching Approaches: Multi-media aided. Teaching Procedures:,Teaching Plan,Step 1 Questions for discussion,1. What is translation? 2. What is the nature of translation? 3. How many categories do you think translation can be divided into, and what are they? 4. What are the characteristics of translation
3、? Describe it in detail, please. 5. What are we going to learn in this course? 6. What is translation theory and what are translation techniques? What is the relationship between them? 7. Which is easier, translating or speaking and writing? 8. As a translator, what competence should you have? Can y
4、ou describe it in detail?,Definitions of translation,1) Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.2) The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivale
5、nt textual material in another language (TL).3) A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.,所谓翻译，是在译语中用最
6、切近的自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是文体.,翻译可作如下界定： 用一种语言（目的语）的文本材料 对等地再现另一种语言（出发语）的文本材料.,Definitions of translation,4) Translation is reproducing the meaning of one language in another language so as to communicate with the people speaking different languages. Meanwhile people can exchange ideas, transmit cult
7、ure awareness, stimulate social civilization, especially stimulate the development and prospect of the culture of the target language.,译文应完全复写出原作的思想。译文的风格和笔调 应与原语的性质相同。译文应像原文一样通顺流畅。,翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以 达到沟通思想情感、传播文化意识、促进社会文明，特别 是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。,The nature of translation,A. When referred to a su
8、bject of curriculum, translation is a science, just as any subject is, with its own rules, laws and principles for the translators to abide by. B. When referred to some specific pieces of translation, it is like an art, with each piece manifesting its own charms and style in the creative hands of th
9、e translator; C. When referred to a process, in which something is translated, it is a craft or skill. For unlike any branch of natural science, the process of translation has its peculiarity, and none of its rules and principles are universally applicable. Besides it entails a lot of practice-parti
10、cular craftsmanship and skills which are displayed by touches of different translators.,Categories of translation,A. In terms of languages, it can be divided into two categories:From native languages (source languages) into foreign languages(source/target languages) or vice versa; B. In terms of mod
11、e, it can be divided into oral interpretation, writtentranslation and machine translation; C. In terms of materials to be translated, there is translation of scientificmaterials, translation of literary works such as novels, stories, prose,poetry, drama, etc., translation of political essays such as
12、 treatiseson social problems, reports, speeches, etc., and translation ofpractical writing ( as official documents, contracts and agreements,notices, receipts, etc.). D. In terms of disposal, it can be either full-text translation (全文翻译),abridged translation (摘译), or adapted translation (编译).,Charac
13、teristics of translation,A. You have to express what others say or write. B. Translators have no right to correct or alter what the original writer has written, such as the content, the structure, the style, the selection of words, etc. You have to translate in the original style, with the original
14、feeling. No alteration is allowed when translating. C. Translators have to understand the original work or materials fully before translating. The process for a translator to work is: a. To understand b. To express in the target language D. To avoid the interference of the original language. Differe
15、nt languages have different cultures, different ways of expressing ideas. The collocation of words, sentence structures, figure of speech in the original language may be different from those in the target language. So a translator should not only try to stick to the original meaning but also make yo
16、ur translation meet the customary expressions in the target language.,Translation theory and techniques,1) Translation theory refers to the study of the internal inherent laws of translation, the finding of the problems often met with in translating and the solutions to them. (It also helps people t
17、o understand the laws and solve different kinds of problems in their translation.) 2) Translation techniques refer to the experience that people have accumulated in their long-time translating work, which include diction (选词用句), amplification (增词), omission, repetition, conversion, restructuring (重组
18、), negation (正说反译, 反说正译), division(长句拆译), etc.,The relationship between translation theory and techniques,Translation theory refers to the laws to help people to understand the laws and solve different kinds of problems in translation, while translation techniques refer to the experience people have
19、 accumulated in their practice of translation. Techniques are important, but they are not panacea. Different kinds of materials to be translated require different stresses in their rendition. For example, scientific materials stress their preciseness, novels and stories, their plots and characters,
20、etc. We must master the translation theory to guide our translation work. In the point view of Eugene A. Nida, the famous American translator, “translation practice without an adequate theory produces only haphazard results, while theory without practice is completely sterile” (Nida, 1969). (缺少理论指导的
21、翻译是随意的翻译, 离开实践的理论是毫无根据用处的理论。),What competence should you have?,A. To master the foreign language (the target language) in order to fully and correctly understand the materials which you are to translate. B. To master your native language (the source language) in order to express the original meaning
22、 well, and also to fully understand the original article before you translate. C. To be well learnedto learn as much general knowledge as possible in order to select the most proper words in translating and to make your translation more smooth and natural. D. To have a very good attitude towards the
23、 translation work. This is also very important. You can never too careful in your translation. Only in this way can you do your translation well,翻译之难,It will strengthen you to know that your distinguished career is so widely respected and appreciated. John is now with his parents in New York City; i
24、t is already three years since he was a bandmaster.(乐队指挥）,Step 2 Translation practice,A. Translation techniques: Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the translation of the underlined words. 1. Tom has the right qualities of mind for the job.2. Lin Zexu was on of the greatest minds
25、 of that age.3. My wife has gone to work, so I have got a lot on my mind just now.4. Please mind my bike while I go into the shop.5. Dont interfere in my affairs. Mind your own business.,汤姆有胜任这项工作的智力才能。,林则徐是那个时代最有头脑的人物之一。,我妻子上班去了,所以我目前有很多事要操心 。,我进商店时， 请帮我照看一下自行车。,别干涉我，管你自己的事。,Step 2 Translation prac
26、tice,6. The knife is not sharp enough to cut the meat.7. There is a sharp turn to the right nearby.8. There is a sharp contrast between the poorest and the richest.9. The lawyer was too sharp for me.10. Mrs. Green was very sharp with me when I was late for school.,这把刀用来切肉不够快。,附近有一个向右的急转弯。,赤贫者和巨富者形成了
27、一个鲜明的对比。,那个律师太精明了， 我对付不了他。,我上课迟到了，格林夫人严厉地训斥了我。,Step 2 Translation practice,11. An apple or an orange, its up to you.12. We are confident to get rid of those difficulties since the government have agreed to give us some help.13. He specializes in oriental history.14. The story roots in a long story.1
28、5. I am not a stranger in the city, you cant cheat me.,吃苹果还是吃桔子， 你自己决定。,既然政府答应给予帮助， 我们有信心克服困难。,他是东方史专家。,这个故事的起源一言难尽。,我对这个城市不陌生， 你骗不了我。,Step 2 Translation practice,B. Theory:a. Different expressions in different languages: 1. black tea 2. black coffee 3. open market 4. open city 5. black sheep 6. in
29、hot water 7. brown bread 8. have a ball 9. at sixes and sevens 10. black and blue,红茶,不加奶的咖啡,露天市场，自由市场,不设防的城市,害群之马,陷入困境,黑面包,玩得开心,乱七八糟,青一块紫一块,Step 2 Translation practice,11. 吃亏 12. 吃苦 13. 吃不开 14. 吃香 15. 吃 惊 16. 我送你回家,suffer losses,bear hardship,be unpopular,be very popular,be startled,Wrong: Ill send
30、you home. (我要解雇你，打发你回家，炒你的鱿鱼。) Correct: Ill see you home. / Ill escort you home. / Ill drive you home. Ill accompany you home. / Ill take you home in my car (on my bike).,Step 2 Translation practice,17. They are the salts of the earth.18. They are six of one and half a dozen of the other.19. She tal
31、ked nineteen to the dozen.20.You must do it for me in a hundred and one ways.,他们是社会的中坚力量。,他们是半斤八两。,她滔滔不绝地说。,你必须千方百计地为我做这件事。,Step 2 Translation practice,b. Different collocation of words: 1. 大风 2. 大雪 3. 大浪 4. 大树 5. 大楼 6. 大雾 7. 大亨 8. 大师 9. 大面积 10. 大扫除 11. a crowd of young people 12. a swarm of bees,st
32、rong wind,heavy snow,high wave,tall tree,high building,thick fog,big shot,great master,large area,general/thorough cleaning,一群年轻人,一大群蜜蜂,Step 2 Translation practice,13. a pack of wolves 14. a drove of horses 15. a fleet of fishing boats 16. vice-chairman 17. associate professor 18. assistant manager
33、19. Chinese cabbage ( chestnut),一群狼 一群马 一群渔船 副主席 副教授 副经理 大白菜 (栗子),Step 2 Translation practice,20. China duck (town, plate, ink) 21. Dutch auction (courage, bargain) 22. go Dutch 23. be in Dutch,20. 陷入麻烦 21. 降价或拍卖，酒后之勇，不公平的交易 22. 均摊费用 23. 鸳鸯(唐人街， 伙伴， 墨),Step 2 Translation practice,1. No comment. 2. N
34、o smoke. 3. Wet paint!,无可奉告 禁止烟火 油漆未干！,4. This new office machine dispenses with the need for a secretary.5. With all his faults, I still like him.,有了这台新的办公机器就不需要秘书了。,尽管他有那么多的缺点, 我仍然喜欢他。,c. Different sentence structures:,Step 2 Translation practice,6. He doesnt know what life means to him. 7. It was
35、 well past midnight, and twenty four U.S. planes flew high over the horizon.8. This factory, whose workers are all women, is closed for part of the school holidays.,他不知道人生对他意味着什么。,已过半夜的时候，24架美国飞机高飞在天际。,这个工厂，由于工人全是妇女，常在学校假期关闭一段时间。,Step 2 Translation practice,d. Others: (Different systems, different c
36、ultures, different contexts, etc. In this case we should select different translation methods.)1. 专科学校 2. 本科学校 3. 对外汉语教研室 4. Janes mother is a cat.,threeyear college four-year college Chinese Program for Foreign Students,她是一个猫藏坏心的女人。,比较：她是一只猫。（直译， 讲不通。）她是一只邪恶的母猫。（把本体和暗喻的意义均译出来了。）她是一个心怀叵测的人。（“猫”的喻意没有
37、表示出来。）,Step 2 Translation practice,5. Davids girl friend is as beautiful as Helen.6. The last one is delicious, bring me another one. ( A sign which is beside a pool in a zoo in which lives a crocodile.),大卫的女朋友美若西施/赛天仙。（归化译法） 大卫的女朋友像海伦一样美丽/漂亮。（异化译法） 大卫的女朋友像海伦一样漂亮（海伦是古希腊的美女，是女神。） （异化-直译加释译译法） * 翻译时要考
38、虑文化背景。,鳄鱼伤人，禁止下水。（从鳄鱼的角度翻译） 人肉可口， 再来一位。（从管理员的角度翻译） *翻译时要考虑不同的环境和情景，从而使译文得体、恰当。,Step 3 Homework,1. Put the following into Chinese. A. Expressions 1) white lie 2) white elephant 3) electric pole 4) utility pole 5) 美人计 6) 步行街 7) 黄色书刊/影片 8) 以耸人听闻的方式报道的新闻 B. Sentences: 1) Every life has its roses and tho
39、rns. 2) She has beauty still and if it is not in its heyday, it is not in the Autumn. 3) Every time I come back from a business trip the place makes a new man of me. 4) The joke served as an effective ice-breaker at the conference. 5) One of the most effective way to get promoted is to be loyal boot
40、-licker of your seniors.,Step 4 Homework,6) He was very clean. His mind was open. 7) He was overpowered by the enemy. He was overpowered with her beauty. 8) Yesterday Bill was egged and tomatoed by some Gulf War veterans in the street. 9) He was slightly struck by the cashier, a young and giggling g
41、irl with ankles. 10) I am as poor as a church mouse. ( as brave as a lion, as strong as a horse, live a dogs ) Go on the website of google to find more about translation theory and prepare a report to be presented in the next class. Preview for the next class-get a clear idea of the translation principles.,
