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类型改课件错.ppt

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    改课件错.ppt
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    1、改错,一. 改错题的注意事项 二. 改错文章统计分析 三. 改错答案统计分析 四. 解题步骤 五.常见错误类型 六. 复习建议,一.注意事项: 1.三不改: 不要一改二: 9- 8-1, 4-2,99-7 不要改顺序: 99-4 不要改拼写 2.三个要: 左右都要看 字迹要工整 符号要标准,3.评分标准: 1). 如果文章中未划出删除和增添记号,即使答案正确,仍不得分 2). 如果只标出错处和错误类型,但不知如何改正,得0.5分,二. 改错文章统计分析,1. 内容:人文类学术书籍或期刊杂志(历史政治语言教育),特别是语言类为主 2. 篇幅: 最多283词, 最少182词 3. 结构: 总分结构

    2、 1)总:文章主题一般在首句 2)分:两条线索对立和顺承 对立: 00,02,06,07, 08, 09年 顺承: 03, 04, 05年 一句话,两条线,三. 改错答案统计分析,1. 从错词词类上看,分布比较均匀,英语八大词类中均有涉及,具体来说: 每年涉及至少5种词类的修改; 动词每年都有,至少一个; 形容词副词每年至少有一个; 冠词代词每年至少有一个(01年除外) 2.从修改方法上看,每年10道改错题呈6,7-1,2-1,2的分值分布,即,修改单词6-7个,增加单词1-2个,删除单词1-2个(2005年除外),四. 解题步骤,1. 通读: 主旨结构-首句,两线2. 细读: 修改-常见错误

    3、类型3. 重读: 复查- 文意是否通畅 修改方法和词类是否符合统计规律: 修改方法: 67-21-21 修改词类: 5-冠代-形副-介连-动2003年试题 2009年试题,五. 常见错误类型,常见错误类型: 从词类看-语法词,常见错误类型: 从词类看-语法词,近义近形词辨析2009-4: something and anything2008-2,3: move and movement, distinctive and distinct2006-6: grow old-grow older2004-9: interest and interest 2003-1: Height-high2002

    4、-4: first-firstly2001-10: totalfull2000-6,10: single-only, a great deal-a number of,十年考题没有改什么: 虚拟语气没有改 分词做状语没有改 情态助动词没有改 倒装没有改,冠词,专八改错冠词错误类型,冠词冗余: 2007年 3 去掉the,language, 冠词误用 2005年 5 去掉in the school中的the, 冠词误用 2003 2 去掉a steady decline, 冠词误用 冠词缺失: 2007 9 加上a,to a large extent, 介词短语 2004 7 加the publ

    5、ic, 缺冠词 1999 10 for后加a, 冠词缺失 a healthier diet 固定短语搭配中的冠词: 2007年 9 加上a,to a large extent, 介词短语 2005年 5 去掉in the school中的the, 冠词误用,基本用法,定冠词+形容词表示一类人或事物 (2004年7题),在一些搭配中用冠词和不用冠词的意义区别,上学学习类,在一些搭配中用冠词和不用冠词的意义区别,生活家居类,在一些搭配中用冠词和不用冠词的意义区别,工作处所类,在一些搭配中用定冠词和不定冠词的意义区别,定冠词和表身体部位的名词: 宾格人称代词+介词+定冠词+身体部位He caught

    6、 her by the hand. 他用手抓出了她的手。 They pulled her by the hair. 他们扯着她的头发。,不定冠词和“不可数名词”(99年10题): 1. 很多不可数名词与a/an连用,表示一种或一类: This seems to be an excellent oil. A cheese I like is Camembert. 2.饮料类不可数名词与a, an 连用,表示一杯这种饮料 Id like a beer, please. 3. 不可数名词意义改变,成为可数名词后和a/an连用 a glass, an iron,,4. 可数名词抽象化后,和a/an连用

    7、,表示人的一种品质, 搭配是 of +a/an+名词(fool, man, cowardice, scholar, poet-) He was enough of a man to tell the truth. 他光明磊落讲了实话。 He is more of a fool than his younger brother. 他比他弟弟还蠢。,固定搭配中的冠词: 2007年9题: to a large extent 2003年10题: to the same extent扩展: with a view/an eye to, keep an eye on, take an interest i

    8、n, at a loss, in a word, on a level with, in a row in the process of, on the brink of, with the exception of, at the mercy of, to the exclusion of,常见错误类型:从句子结构,定语结构,1. 前置定语-单个形容词,分词 2. 后置定语-分词短语,定语从句,前置定语,单个形容词: 过去分词agreed, misled, excited, surprised, tired, frightened, satisfied, lost, convinced, d

    9、isappointed, moved, exhausted, qualified, interested-, 现在分词: agreeing, misleading, exciting, surprising, tiring, frightening, satisfying, convincing, disappointed, moving, exhausting, qualifying, interesting-,All interesting parties are invited to attend the meeting.,All interesting parties are invi

    10、ted to attend the meeting. All interested parties are invited to attend the meeting. interested: 有利害关系的,后置定语-定语从句,定语从句,2008年4题: At the time the United States split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that independence should be linguistically acknowledged by the use of a different la

    11、nguage from that of Britain. 2007年2题: There is no material in any language today or in the earliest records of ancient languages show us language in a new and emerging state. 2007年10题: Whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventio

    12、nal. 2006年4题:the English speaker has in his disposal a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English speakers.,2005年4题: The rise in tuition may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the dem

    13、and for education.2005年7题 The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students a governance role, and eliminate required course.-2004年10题: Congressional committees also have the power to compel testimony from unwilli

    14、ng witnesses, and to cite for contempt of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury these who give false testimony.2002年5题:It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. 先行词的误用,关系代词/副词的缺失, 误用,定语从句的主谓一致,定语从句: 先行项+关系词+定语从句:先

    15、行项+关系代词+定语从句 先行项+介词+关系代词+定语从句 先行项+关系副词+定语从句关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose; as, what, ) 关系副词(when, where, why,that),能做先行项的指示代词: 单数形式只能是that, 复数形式只能是those(不能是these):,哪些情况下定语从句只能用that做关系代词: 1. everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词做先行词: I do not buy anything that is too expensive. There is s

    16、omething that you dont know.2. 人和物一起做先行词 The farmer has a clever son and a large farm that make him have a sense of pride.3. 先行词被序数词,形容词最高级或any, only, all, every, no, some, much, few, little等成分修饰时: He is the only man that can speak four foreign languages in our company. Tell us all things that you k

    17、now. It is the largest map that I ever saw.,哪些情况下定语从句只能做which关系代词: 1. 非限定性定语从句中,先行词表物: Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for 800 years, is rich culture. 2. 出现在介词后面,先行词表物: This is the question about which we have had so much discussion. The tool with which he is working is called a wrench. 3. 非限

    18、定性定语从句中指代前面一句话,先行项+介词+关系代词+定语从句结构中介词的选择: 1. 看搭配 A. 所选介词和定语从句中的动词,形容词和名词构成固定搭配: He is the man on whom you can depend. He gave me some references with which I am not familiar. This is a key site over which our troops has lost control. B. 所选介词和先行词构成固定搭配: The ease with which Mr. Green carried the heavy

    19、machine was unbelievable. Public demonstrations are an effective means by which the people can bring social inequalities to the attention of the government. When television was first introduced, the extent to which it would affect human society could not have been foreseen. The rate at which they ar

    20、e being destroyed has increased.,看定语从句句意是否完整: 如果完整,所选名词就应该和前面的先行词构成固定搭配 如果不完整,所选名词就应该和定语从句中的名词,动词和形容词构成固定搭配,2. 看句意选介词: Egypt enjoys a long history - which it is known. Hang Zhou is a human paradise - which it is known. Our life is like a wheel with six spokes: family, financial, mental, social and s

    21、piritual. The physical spoke is our health, - which nothing makes sense.,2. 看句意选介词: Egypt enjoys a long history for which it is known.Hang Zhou is a human paradise as which it is known.Our life is like a wheel with six spokes: family, financial, mental, social and spiritual. The physical spoke is ou

    22、r health, - which nothing makes sense.,2. 看句意选介词: Egypt enjoys a long history for which it is known. Hang Zhou is a human paradise as which it is known. Our life is like a wheel with six spokes: family, financial, mental, social and spiritual. The physical spoke is our health, -which nothing makes s

    23、ense.,2. 看句意选介词: Egypt enjoys a long history for which it is known. Hang Zhou is a human paradise as which it is known. Our life is like a wheel with six spokes: family, financial, mental, social and spiritual. The physical spoke is our health, without which nothing makes sense.,The company, - which

    24、 Max Harrison was until recently the chairman, has made loss of three million pounds this year. The company, of which Max Harrison was until recently the chairman, has made loss of three million pounds this year. 定语从句: Max Harrison was until recently the chairman of the company (which).,关系代词as: 既可引导

    25、限定性定语从句也可引导非限定性定语从句:,The young man cheated his friend, as was disgraceful. The young man cheated his friend, which was disgraceful.,关系副词,常见关系副词: when, where, why, that how(?): when的先行词是表时间的名词,where的先行词是表地点的名词,why的先行词是表原因的名词reason 先行词是表时间或地点的名词,不一定都用when和where引导:,先行词是表时间或地点的名词,不一定都用when和where引导: I ll

    26、 never forget the day - I spent on campus. Ill never forget the day - we first met on campus.This is the place - bred many famous scientists. This is the place - many famous scientists often get together.,先行词是表时间或地点的名词,不一定都用when和where引导: I ll never forget the day which I spent on campus. Ill never f

    27、orget the day when we first met on campus.This is the place - bred many famous scientists. This is the place - many famous scientists often get together.,先行词是表时间或地点的名词,不一定都用when和where引导: I ll never forget the day which I spent on campus. Ill never forget the day when we first met on campus.This is t

    28、he place - bred many famous scientists. This is the place - many famous scientists often get together.,先行词是表时间或地点的名词,不一定都用when和where引导: I ll never forget the day which I spent on campus. Ill never forget the day when we first met on campus.This is the place where bred many famous scientists. This is

    29、 the place where many famous scientists often get together.,先行词是表时间或地点的名词,不一定都用when和where引导: I ll never forget the day I spent on campus. Ill never forget the day we first met on campus.This is the place bred many famous scientists. This is the place many famous scientists often get together.,How不能做

    30、关系副词?,2005年7题 The ways how universities made themselves attractive to students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers-.,表方式的先行词way/manner在定语从句中方式状语: the way/manner(s) + that+定语从句 the way/manner(s)+ in which + 定语从句 the way/manner(s) +定语从句Thats the way in which she speaks. Thats the way

    31、that she speaks. Thats the way she speaks. Thats the way how speaks. (Randolph Quirk. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. pp.1254),关系代词在定语从句中的误用: 2007年 2005年 4 fact 后面加that, 缺关系代词 2004 10 these-those, 代词误用 2002 5 which改成that,关系代词误用,比较结构,比较结构: 为了避免重复,从句中常出现省略和替代,注意保持句子前后比较对象的一致,特别要注意代词是否

    32、使用正确;专八中的比较结构中比较的成分时所有格+名词中心词,08年6题: There were proposals that independence should be linguistically acknowledged by the use of a different language from those of Britain. 05年3题: increasingly the outlook of universities in the United States is a indistinguishable from those of business. 03年8题: their

    33、 marriages remained intact to a greater extent than that of couples who married in earlier as well as later decades. 99年8题: their blood cholesterol level are very low (about half of the average American adult.) 所有格+名词+比较结构+所有格+代词, 一定要是同类事物比较,常用比较结构: 用形容词/副词原级as - as- 用比较级和最高级more-than- the more-,the

    34、 more- more and more,more - than -: 在有than的比较结构中,主句中必须有比较级形式出现。 On the whole, ambitious students are much likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition. In the long run, however, this hurry to shed full-time staff may be more harmful to industry as it is to the workforce.,为了

    35、保持句子平衡,than后从句可能出现倒装和替代 Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics have higher rates of intermarriage than did U.S.-born whites and blacks.In addition, far more Japanese works expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than is their counterparts in other countries surveyed. 助动词: 时态看主句,单复数看从句主语,为了保持句子平衡,than后从

    36、句可能出现倒装和替代 Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.In addition, far more Japanese works expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in other countries surveyed. 助动词: 时态看主句,单复数看从句主语,as - as - (第一个as是副词, 第二个as是连

    37、词) as + 形容词/副词+as This parcel is as heavy as that one. Eyes are as eloquent as lips. She runs as fast as her brother. She behaves as politely as her brother.,as + 形容词+名词+as as+ 形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词 She has written as many essays as her brother. I have not drunk as sweet coffee as this.She is as efficien

    38、t a worker as her brother. She is a worker as efficient as her brother.I do not want as expensive a car as hers. I do not want a car as expensive as hers.as + 形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+as,表示倍数的结构:,练习,Paper produced every year is three times the weight as the worlds production of cars.They have produced one mi

    39、llion cars with a total value 20 times than what it was in 1990s.,A is to B what C is to D Air is to us what water is to fish. The people is to the peoples army what water is to fish. Reading is to the mind what sight is to the body. Reading is the thing to mind which sight is to the body. 变体: what/

    40、as C is to D, so is A to B/A is to B What air is to us, water is to fish. As air is to us, so is water to fish.,表示倍数的结构:,A is to B what C is to D Air is to us what water is to fish. The people is to the peoples army what water is to fish. Reading is to the mind what sight is to the body. Reading is

    41、the thing to mind which sight is to the body. 变体: what/as C is to D, so is A to B/A is to B What air is to us, water is to fish. As air is to us, so is water to fish.,比较结构中常出现的单词和搭配: differ/different/distinct from, distinguish from as opposed to, bear resemblance to, vary from, like, unlike, alike,

    42、contrast, contrary, compare, comparison, liken, match, same, similar, identical, equal, equivalent, the same as , prefer - to -,连词-语篇和逻辑,1. 常在什么地方设置连词错误 2. 常考什么样的逻辑错误 3. 注意几个由动词演变而成的连词,1. 常在什么地方设置连词错误 -两条线索的衔接或比较处 (9-5,8-4,4-8,3-7,2-1,99-5),2. 常考什么样的逻辑错误,转, but, nevertheless, however, 并, and, or, 因,

    43、since 果,therefore, so 让, although最常考的因果关系和转折关系的混淆时间: when,连词-语篇,逻辑错误:由动词转化而来的连词/起连接作用的介词特别注意: given, granted, provided, providing, considering, judging from, seeing, in that,Judging by his jovial manner he must have enjoyed his meal. Theres no annual fee provided/providing that you use the credit ca

    44、rd at least six times a year. John did quite well in his exams, considering how little he studied. Given that the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them to be as independent as possible. Seeing that hes been ill all week, hes unlikely to come.,七. 复习建议 返璞归真, 小词搭配: have, do, make, take, let, set, go, come, get, give, ask, put, play, pay, pass, push, pull, come, throw, work, cut, call, care, carry, see, raise, run, speak, stand, raise, rise, turn, return, use, stay, show, say, talk, fail, live, keep, hold, break, bring, catch, lead, gain, help, lose, stick 常用搭配,

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