1、2009 年政府工作报告(中英文对照) 1REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT 政府工作报告Delivered at the Second Session of the Eleventh National Peoples Congress on March 5, 2009 年月日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上Wen Jiabao 温家宝Premier of the State Council 国务院总理 Fellow Deputies, 各位代表：On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you
2、 my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also solicit comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). 现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。I. Review of the Wo
3、rk in 2008 一、年工作回顾The year 2008 was truly eventful. Our countrys economic and social development withstood severe challenges and tests that were rarely seen before. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the people of all our ethnic groups faced difficulties squarely, worked wit
4、h courage and determination, surmounted all difficulties and obstacles, and made new achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization. 年是极不平凡的一年。我国经济社会发展经受住了历史罕见的重大挑战和考验。在中国共产党领导下，全国各族人民迎难而上，奋力拼搏，战胜各种艰难险阻，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。- The national economy continued to maintain steady and ra
5、pid growth. GDP 2009 年政府工作报告(中英文对照) 2topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record h
6、igh. 国民经济继续保持平稳较快增长。国内生产总值超过万亿元，比上年增长；物价总水平涨幅得到控制；财政收入万亿元，增长；粮食连续五年增产，总产量万吨，创历史最高水平。- Reform and opening up were further deepened. New breakthroughs were made in reforms in key areas and crucial links, such as the fiscal, taxation, financial and pricing systems and administration. Imports and export
7、s totaled US$ 2.56 trillion, an increase of 17.8%. Paid-in foreign direct investment reached $92.4billion. 改革开放深入推进。财税、金融、价格、行政管理等重点领域和关键环节的改革取得新突破。进出口贸易总额万亿美元，增长。实际利用外商直接投资亿美元。- Development of social programs was accelerated, and the living standards of the people continued to rise. A total of 11.1
8、3 million more urban residents entered the workforce. Urban per capita annual disposable income reached 15,781 yuan, an increase of 8.4% in real terms, and rural per capita net income reached 4,761 yuan, up by 8% in real terms. 社会事业加快发展，人民生活进一步改善。城镇新增就业万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入元，农村居民人均纯收入元，实际增长和。- Great victor
9、ies were won in the fight against massive natural disasters. The Beijing Olympics and Paralympics were held successfully, and the Shenzhou VII manned space mission was a complete success. 全面夺取抗击特大自然灾害的重大胜利。成功举办北京奥运会、残奥会。圆满完成神舟七号载人航天飞行。These achievements signify that we have taken new and solid steps
10、 along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. They have greatly fortified the courage and strength of the people of all our ethnic groups to surmount difficulties and will definitely encourage us to bravely forge ahead on the new historical course. 这些成就，标志着我们在中国特色社会主义道路上迈出新的坚实步伐，极大地增强了全
11、国各族人民战胜困难的勇气和力量，必将激励我们在新的历史征程上继续奋勇前进。2009 年政府工作报告(中英文对照) 3Last year, we accomplished the following important work: 一年来，我们做了以下主要工作：1. Making timely and resolute adjustments to macroeconomic policies and doing everything possible to maintain steady and rapid economic development （一）及时果断调整宏观经济政策，全力保持经济
12、平稳较快发展We maintained the right direction, focus, intensity and pace of macro control, and adopted a series of policies and measures to promote steady and rapid economic development. In a complex and volatile situation, we actively responded to the severe impact of the global financial crisis and work
13、ed hard to make our macro control more proactive, targeted and effective. In the middle of the year, when energy and grain prices on the international market were high, world economic growth slowed, and exports from and economic growth in Chinas coastal regions began to decline, we promptly shifted
14、the priority of macro control to maintaining steady and rapid economic development and controlling price hikes, and adopted relevant fiscal, taxation and financial measures. In September, the international economic situation started to deteriorate sharply and its negative impact became increasingly
15、felt in China. We again resolutely shifted the focus of macro control to preventing economic growth from slowing down too quickly. We implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy. We raised export rebate rates three times, lowered the benchmark interest rates on saving
16、s and loans for financial institutions on five occasions, reduced required reserve ratios four times, suspended the individual income tax on interest earnings from savings, reduced securities transaction stamp tax rates, cut taxes and fees on housing transactions, and increased credit support to sma
17、ll and medium-sized enterprises. In accordance with the requirement that we act fast, be forceful, take targeted measures and stress implementation, we promptly introduced ten measures to further boost domestic demand and promote economic growth, and implemented them without delay. We adopted a succ
18、ession of policies and measures to encourage financial institutions to support economic development, promote sound development of the textile and other light industries and the real estate market, expand consumption by improving distribution, maintain steady growth in foreign trade, and keep the emp
19、loyment situation stable. At the same time, we stepped up efforts to formulate plans for restructuring and revitalizing key industries. Together, these measures have played a crucial role in alleviating serious problems affecting economic performance, enhancing confidence, stabilizing expectations a
20、nd maintaining steady and rapid economic development. 我们正确把握宏观调控的方向、重点、力度和节奏，采取一系列促进经济平稳较快发展的政策措施，在复杂多变的形势下，积极应对国际金融危机的严重冲击，努力增强调控的预见性、针对性和有效性。年中，在国际能源和粮食价格处于高位、世界经济增长放缓的情况下，针对沿海地区出现出口和经济增速下滑苗头，及时把宏观调控的首要任务调整为“保持经济平稳较快发展，控制物2009 年政府工作报告(中英文对照) 4价过快上涨” ，并采取了一些有针对性的财税金融措施。月份后，国际经济形势急转直下，对我国的不利影响明显加重，我
21、们又果断地把宏观调控的着力点转到防止经济增速过快下滑上来，实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，三次提高出口退税率，五次下调金融机构存贷款基准利率，四次下调存款准备金率，暂免储蓄存款利息个人所得税，下调证券交易印花税，降低住房交易税费，加大对中小企业信贷支持。按照出手要快、出拳要重、措施要准、工作要实的要求，迅速推出进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的十项措施，争分夺秒地加以落实；接连出台金融支持经济发展、促进轻纺工业健康发展、促进房地产市场健康发展、搞活流通扩大消费和保持对外贸易稳定增长、稳定就业等政策措施，加快制定重点产业调整振兴规划。这些措施对缓解经济运行中的突出矛盾、增强信心、稳定预期、保
22、持经济平稳较快发展，发挥了至关重要的作用。We continued to strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers without any letup. Central government budgetary spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers was 595.5 billion yuan for the whole year, a year-on-year increase of 163.7 billion yuan or 37.9%.
23、 This included 103 billion yuan, twice the figure for the previous year, in direct subsidies to grain producers, general subsidies for agricultural production supplies, and subsidies for superior crop varieties and the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools. We significantly raised minimum gra
24、in purchase prices three times, with the total increase exceeding 20%. We implemented a temporary policy for purchasing and stockpiling major agricultural products. We intensified the protection of arable land and the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, and increased overall agr
25、icultural production capacity. We supported the production of hogs, oilseeds and dairy products. These policies and measures played an important role in maintaining and stimulating the enthusiasm of farmers, ensuring the supply of major farm products and increasing rural incomes, and provided strong
26、 support for maintaining overall stability in economic and social development. 毫不放松地加强“ 三农” 工作。全年中央财政用于 “三农”的投入亿元，比上年增加亿元，增长，其中粮食直补、农资综合补贴、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴资金达亿元，比上年增长一倍。三次较大幅度提高粮食最低收购价，提价幅度超过。实施主要农产品临时收储政策。加强耕地保护和农田水利建设，提高农业综合生产能力。扶持生猪、油料、奶业发展。这些政策措施在保护和调动农民积极性、保障重要农产品供给、增加农民收入方面发挥了重要作用，为稳定经济社会发展全局提供了有力
27、支撑。We unswervingly promoted independent innovation and economic restructuring. We launched 16 major national science and technology projects, and established a number of new national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers in such fields as information technology, bio
28、technology and environmental protection. We successfully developed a number of key technologies and major equipment in the areas of regional aircraft, automobiles powered by new energy sources and high-speed railways. The central government invested 116.3 2009 年政府工作报告(中英文对照) 5billion yuan in science
29、 and technology, an increase of 16.4%. Significant steps were taken in reorganization of the telecommunications and civil aviation industries. We continued to eliminate backward production facilities. Last year, we shut down small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 16.69 million kilowatts
30、 and closed 1,054 small coalmines. Investment in infrastructure and basic industries was increased, and a number of major projects in energy, transportation and water conservancy were completed or launched. Steady progress was made in implementing the master strategy for regional development, and ec
31、onomic development in different regions became better coordinated. 坚定不移地推进自主创新和经济结构调整。实施个国家重大科技专项。在信息、生物、环保等领域新建一批国家工程中心、重点实验室和企业技术中心。成功研发支线飞机、新能源汽车、高速铁路等一批关键技术和重大装备。中央财政科技投入亿元，增长。电信、航空等行业重组迈出重要步伐。继续淘汰落后产能，全年关停小火电万千瓦，关闭小煤矿处。加大基础设施和基础产业投资力度，在能源、交通、水利等方面建成和开工一批重大项目。扎实推进区域发展总体战略，区域经济发展协调性增强。We steadfas
32、tly promoted energy conservation, emissions reduction and ecological and environmental protection. The central government allocated 42.3 billion yuan to support development of ten key energy conservation projects and environmental protection facilities. The daily sewage treatment capacity rose by an
33、 additional 11.49 million tons in urban areas, and desulfurization equipment was installed in coal-fired power plants with a total capacity of 97.12 million kilowatts. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.59% from the previous year; chemical oxygen demand fell by 4.42%; and sulfur dioxide em
34、issions fell by 5.95%. For the past three years combined, total energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 10.08%; chemical oxygen demand dropped by 6.61%; and sulfur dioxide emissions dropped by 8.95%. We built on the achievements in returning farmland to forests and restoring livestock pastures
35、 to grasslands, and carried out ecological conservation projects such as protecting virgin forests and developing the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province. We implemented the plan to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys and regions and issued the white paper Chinas P
36、olicies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change. 坚持不懈地推动节能减排和生态环境保护。中央财政安排亿元资金，支持十大重点节能工程和环保设施等项目建设。全国新增城市污水日处理能力万吨，新增燃煤脱硫机组容量万千瓦。单位国内生产总值能耗比上年下降，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别减少和。近三年累计，单位国内生产总值能耗下降，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别减少和。巩固退耕还林还草成果，推进天然林、青海三江源等生态保护和建设工程。实施重点流域、区域水污染防治规划。发布了中国应对气候变化的政策与行动白皮书。2009 年政府工作报告(中英文对照) 62.
37、Balancing economic and social development and strengthening all aspects of social development with the focus on improving peoples lives （二）统筹经济社会发展，全面加强以改善民生为重点的社会建设Efforts were intensified to increase employment and improve the social safety net. We improved our policy to stimulate and expand emplo
38、yment by encouraging business startups, and enforced the minimum wage system. The coverage of all social security schemes continued to expand, with 17.53 million more urban workers subscribing to basic old-age insurance, 20.28 million more subscribing to basic medical insurance, and the unemployment
39、, workers compensation and maternity insurance steadily expanding to cover more workers. Pensions of enterprise retirees rose by 110 yuan per month per person. We launched trials to reform the basic old-age insurance system for employees of government-affiliated institutions. We actively explored wa
40、ys to establish a new system of old-age insurance for rural residents and made steady progress in making social security available to rural migrant workers in urban areas and farmers whose land has been expropriated. We comprehensively improved the system of cost of living allowances for both urban
41、and rural residents, and provided allowances to 66.19 million residents. We raised living allowances for low-income groups and university students in a timely fashion. Preferential treatment enjoyed by key entitled groups was increased substantially. We intensified efforts to develop low-income hous
42、ing and renovate shantytowns, thus alleviating some of the housing difficulties of the low-income population. An additional of more than 48 million rural people gained access to safe drinking water. 就业和社会保障工作进一步加强。完善促进就业、以创业带动就业的政策，落实最低工资制度。各项社会保险覆盖面继续扩大，城镇职工基本养老保险、基本医疗保险参保人数分别增加万和万，失业、工伤、生育保险参保人数继续
43、增加。企业退休人员养老金人均每月新增元。启动事业单位基本养老保险制度改革试点。积极探索建立新型农村社会养老保险制度，农民工、被征地农民社会保障工作稳步推进。全面加强城乡居民最低生活保障制度建设，救助人数达到万人。及时增加对低收入群体和大学生的生活补贴。大幅度提高重点优抚对象的抚恤优待标准。加大保障性住房建设和棚户区改造力度，低收入群众住房困难问题得到一定程度缓解。解决多万农村人口的饮水安全问题。Further progress was made in promoting fair education for all. Free compulsory education became avail
44、able to all students, urban or rural, throughout the country, and all rural students receiving compulsory education obtained free textbooks. The standards for repairing and renovating school buildings in the central and western regions were raised, and the government allocated 3.25 billion yuan to p
45、rovide heating to rural primary and secondary schools in the north. Development of 2009 年政府工作报告(中英文对照) 7vocational education was accelerated. The national financial aid system for students was further improved. The central government spent 22.3 billion yuan and local governments increased funding as
46、 well to assist more than 20 million students. Grants of 1,500 yuan per student per annum were given to secondary vocational school students from rural areas or needy urban families, benefiting 90% of the current student population in these vocational schools. 促进教育公平取得新进展。全面实行城乡免费义务教育，对所有农村义务教育阶段学生免
47、费提供教科书。提高中西部地区校舍维修标准，国家财政安排亿元帮助解决北方农村中小学取暖问题。职业教育加快发展。国家助学制度进一步完善，中央财政投入亿元，地方财政也加大投入，资助学生超过万人；向中等职业学校中来自城市经济困难家庭和农村的学生提供助学金，每人每年元，惠及的在校生。Steady progress was made in reform and development of the pharmaceutical and health care system. A total of 814 million people, accounting for 91.5% of the rural p
48、opulation, now benefit from the new type of rural cooperative medical care system. The number of selected cities participating in trials of the basic medical insurance system for urban residents increased from 88 to 317, and the number of participating individuals increased by 73.59 million to 117 m
49、illion. Significant progress was made in developing a system of community-based health services in urban areas. We continued to expand the coverage of the reward and assistance system for rural families complying with family planning regulations, and implemented the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity“ program in more places in the countryside. 医药卫生改革发展稳步推进。参加新型农村合作医疗的人口亿，参合率。城
