1、2013年12月新题型 大学英语四级考试,翻译题型,Az,新改革后翻译题型:段落翻译（汉译英）,测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力。分值比例：15% 考试时间：30分钟 内容：中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展 长度：140-160个汉字；,大学英语四级考试新题型评分标准,汉译英解题方法,1. 阅读原文，理解原文，获得总体印象。 2. 处理原文句子，正确断句，合句，找准主语。理解原文中的语言现象和逻辑关系，注意汉英两种语言的不同表达习惯，综合翻译技巧进行翻译。 3. 修改，对译文修正、加工、润饰。 - 看上下文有无不连接的地方，前后有无矛盾、重复的地方，有无逻辑不通的地方。,样题,剪纸
2、（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。,剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。
3、Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 中英文断句方式可以不一样。,人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。 People often beautify their homes with pap
4、er cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.,剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。 The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which sym
5、bolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.,翻译的基本方法： 直译 意译,直译：保持原文内容、又保持原文形式，基本保留原有句子结构，不是死译。 意译：只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式，更多考虑英语的特点。如： 我们的朋友遍天下。 Our friends are all over the world. (直译) We have friends all over t
6、he world.（意译）,直译与意译相互关联，互为补充，两种译法可以并用,汉译英的基本技巧,1. 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。I dont think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.2. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes on lag behind.,增连词,1. 增词：为了充分传达原文含义，必须增补 词语，以求合符语法规则,增加形式宾语,见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。 The sight of his ho
7、me town reminded him of his childhood. 他连续讲了两小时的法语，没有出现任何错误。 He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.,情景,出现,省名词,(省动词),2. 减词：汉语喜欢重复，英语崇尚简洁,3. 词类转换,词类变形和转换，是英语语言的一个很重要的特点，尤其是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类。eg. 他的演讲给我们的印象很深。 His speech impressed us deeply.(名词变动词) eg. 你说他傻不傻？ Dont you think
8、 he is an idiot? (形容词变名词),4. 语态转换,在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。如果一味按照汉语原句的语态来翻译，会使译文显得十分别扭。这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤 。 The little boy was hurt on his way home from school. 门锁好了。 The door has been locked up. 新教材在印刷中。 New textbooks are being printed.,5. 分译 & 合译(按内容层次分译),分译： 需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句
9、。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。 Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep.,(从主语变换处分译),合译： 相较于汉语而言，英语长句多，因此在翻译中，要把汉语的两个或多个句子合译为英语的一句，使译文紧凑、简练。第二天，我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字
10、，比前一个电报说得更详细。 The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 words, giving more details.,从主语变换处合译,Practicemakesperfect!,专项训练题：翻译（4）,Translation 4,在中国1990年以后出生的人现在已经是15到24岁之间的年轻人，被称作“90后”的一代人。 In China, those who were born in the 1990s and are now between 15 and 24 are called the “pos
11、t 90s”. 他们的消费观念和他们的父母完全不同，对社会消费结构也在产生越来越大的影响。 Their concept of consumption is totally different from that of their parents, and they have an increasing influence on the social consumption structure.,他们更愿意接受新事物，追求时尚和潮流。 They are willing to accept new things and follow fashions and trends.他们对品牌和产品的外观更
12、感兴趣，而不太重视其核心功能。 They are more interested in the brand and the look of a product rather than its actual core functions.对他们来说，手机应急不再仅仅是交流工具，而是他们用来炫耀的时尚物品（accessory） To them, a cell phone is not just a communication tool, but a fashionable accessory for them to show off.,四级模拟考试翻译题,中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会，简称为春晚，是
13、每年农历除夕为庆祝农历新年而现场直播的重要晚会。 中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会是重要晚会。 The CCTV Spring Festival Gala,is a great performance show. abbreviated to the Spring Festival Gala that is broadcast live annually at the Lunar New Years Eve to celebrate Lunar New Years arrival The CCTV Spring Festival Gala, abbreviated to the Spring Fes
14、tival Gala, is a great performance show that is broadcast live annually at the Lunar New Years Eve to celebrate Lunar New Years arrival.,自1983年首届春节联欢晚会在中央电视台播出以来，每年除夕之夜它都如期播出，这一传统一直延续至今。 Since过去时，it has been broadcast and the tradition has continued . 句型中的时态 如期: as schedule Since the first Spring Fe
15、stival Gala was broadcast/was staged in CCTV in 1983, it has been broadcast as schedule at every Lunar New Years Eve and the tradition has continued up to today.,春晚在演出规模、演员阵容、播出时长和海内外收视率上创下了世界之最。 创下了世界之最：set world records 收视率:the number of audienceThe Spring Festival Gala has set world records in te
16、rms of its performance scale, the cast, the broadcast duration and the number of audience both at home and abroad.,春晚也成了大多数中国人每逢春节必看的电视节目，是中国除夕之夜的文化盛宴。 文化盛宴the grand cultural feastThe Spring Festival Gala has become one of the TV programs that most Chinese must watch at each Spring Festival and it h
17、as been/ become the grand cultural feast for Chinese Lunar New Years Eve.,2014年6月： 翻译,翻译原文,为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地就读。 promote，invest, improve, strengthenpurchase, benefit, t
18、ransfer facilities, funds, instrument, costal cities, rural schools,为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育。 【分析】 时态为现在完成时。 其他部分都是目的状语, 可以用不定式或短语in order to 来表达。 In order to promote equality in education, China has invested 36 billion Yuan to improve educational facilities in rural areas and
19、 strengthen rural compulsory education in Midwest areas.,这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学收益。 第二句话由两个简单句构成，且两句主语一致，所以后半句可以考虑用非谓语动词。 These funds are used to improve teaching facilities and purchase books, benefiting more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools.资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。 Funds are also used to purc
20、hase musical instrument and painting tools.,现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。 “as”引导比较状语从句 Now children in rural and mountain areas can have music and painting lessons as children from coastal cities do. 一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。 “who”引导的定语从句 Some students who have transferred to city schools
21、to receive a better education are now moving back to their local rural schools.,练习 1,中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来， 中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。,key 1,China will develop its economy further and open itself wid
22、er to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since Chinas reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only
23、 helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.,练习 2,狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好
24、运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。,Key 2,The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regar
25、ded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal
26、 family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.,练习 3,假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构
27、应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。,Key 3,The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese peoples consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal
28、 development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy peoples demand for an improved quality of life.,练习 4,端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vili
29、fy）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。,Key 4,The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to
30、 the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuans body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumpling
31、s and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.,练习 5,2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课
32、不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。,Key 5,On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard the Tiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-w
33、eek mission. Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations, she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment on Earth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.,Thank you!,
