1、Unit51、语法点-现在进行时1.现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。2.结构：be+动词的现在分词We are playing games.3.现在进行时的句式：肯定句：主语+be+现在分词+其他They are running.否定句：主语+be+not+现在分词+其他They are not running.一般疑问句：be+主语+现在分词+其他？Are they running?肯定回答：yes，主语+be。Yes, they are.否定回答：no，主语+be+not.No, they arent特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+现在分词+ 其他?What are
2、 they doing?They are running.人称 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及其答语 特殊疑问句I Im talking. Im not talking. Am I talking?Yes, you are.No, you arent.What am I doing？第一人称 we We are talking. We arent talking. Are we talking?Yes, we are.No, we arent.What are we doing？you You are talking. You arent talking. Are you talking?Yes
3、, I am.No, I am not.What are you doing？第二人称 you You are talking. You arent talking. Are you talking?Yes, we are.No, we arent.What are you doing？he He is talking. He isnt talking. Is he talking?Yes, he is.No, he isnt.What is he doing？she She is talking. She isnt talking Is she talking?Yes, she is.No,
4、 she isnt.What is she doing？第三人称it It is talking. It isnt talking. Is it talking?Yes, it isnt.No, it isnt.What is it doing?they They are talking.They arent talking. Are they talking?Yes, they are.No, they arent.What are they doing?4.动词现在分词构成:drink-drinking ; eat-eating ; make- making ; ride-riding ;
5、 swim-swimming ; put-putting ; runrunning&以 ie 结尾的动词-ie+y+ing ：lie - lying die - dying&以 y 结尾的动词变成现在分词是，y 不变，直接加上-ing总结一添一去 y 不变5.标志词：可用来表示现在进行时的时间状语，常用的有：now, this week, at this moment 等；或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用 look, listen 提醒听者注意正在发生的事。 e.g.: They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 Listen! She is si
6、nging an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。 Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。 6.现在进行时的基本用法a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时
7、并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c.已经确定或安排好的将来活动Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了）were flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了） 7.考点位移动词用进行时表将来(come,go,fly)飞来飞去，到了就离开。fly come go arrive leave开始结束，开车回来。begin star end finish drive return六.不用进行时的动词D.表示感觉，感情，存在，从属的动词不能用于现在进行时，
8、如 feel, love, like, want, be, have/has, know.一、写出下列动词的 ing 形式walk jump watch lie play sing smoke dance drive run 二、用现在进行时完成下列句子:1. _you_(fly) a kite? Yes,_.2. _you_(sit) in the boat?3. _he_(talk) with me?4. We_(play) football now.5. What_you_(do)?6. I_(sing) an English song.7. What_he_(mend)?8. He_(
9、mend) a car.9. These boys _ (play) tennis on the playground.10. My mother_ (cook) in the kitchen.三、选择1. Look. Lucy is_ a new bike today.A. jumping B. running C. riding D takeing2. The children _ football.A. is playing B. are playing C. play the D. play a3. They _TV in the evening. They do their home
10、work.A. are watching B. cant watching C. dont watch D. dont watching4. Listen! She_ in the classroom.A. is singing B. sing C .to sing D. is sing5. _are you eating? Im eating _ meat.A. What,some B. Which,any C. Where,not D. What,a6. Is she _ something?A. eat B. eating C. eatting D. eats7. I cant catc
11、h up with the fashion,because the clothes style_ all the time.A. has changed B. is changed C. is changing D. changed8.Look! The children_ basketball on the playground.A. plays B. played C. is playing D. are playing9.Jack and Ketty_ in the lake. Lets join them,shall we?A. swim B. have swum C. swam D.
12、 are swimming10.Its six in the afternoon. The Greens_ lunch together.A. has B. are having C. have had D. had hadThe keys:一、1. Are ,flying,I am 2. Are sitting, 3.Is,talking 4. are plying 5. are,doing 6.am singing 7. is,mending 8. is mending 9.are plying 10.is cooking 二、1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.D
13、 9.D 10.B2、语言点1. The same to you. “也同样祝你“ 用于公共节日、假日等别人向你祝福时回应对方，相当于 you,too.Merry christmas. 圣诞快乐！The same to you.Happy birthday! Thank you!2. How do you usually come to school?How 用来询问交通方式。How 是疑问词，以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what（什么） ， who（谁） ， whose（谁的） ， which（哪个） ， when（何时） ， where（哪里） ，
14、how（怎样） ， why（为何）等。 特殊疑问句有两种语序： 如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，其语序是陈述句的语序，结构为：疑问词（+主语）+ 谓语动词+ 其他成分？ 如： who is singing in the room（做主语） whose bike is broken（做定语） 如疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提问，其结构是：疑问词+一般疑问句语序？ 如：what class are you in? What does she look like? Where are you from? What time does he get up every morni
15、ng? How do you know 注意：回答特殊疑问句时，不能用 yes / no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。括号内是完整回答所需部分。如： Who is from Canada Helen (is from Canada) Wheres the restaurant (It is)Near the station Why do you like koalas (I like koalas)Because they are cute一般疑问句与特殊疑问句的区别一般疑问句的结构是：系动词 be/助动词/ 情态动词+ 主语+ 其他成分，它是指用 yes（是）或no（否）来回答的句子。如
16、: Are you from Japan Yes I am / No Im not Is her sister doing her homework now Yes she is / No she isnt#扩展：如果将陈述句变成一般疑问句？$1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时，如句中有 be 动词（am/ is/ are）时，可直接将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称，应将其改为第二人称。如： Im in Class 2Grade 1 Are you in Class 2Grade 1 Were watching TV Are you watching TV $2.陈述句中有情态动词（can may
17、 must ）时，也可直接将它们提至主语前，即可成为一般疑问句。如： He can swim now Can he swim now The children may come with us May the children come with us $3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时，变为一般疑问句时要在句首加 do 或 does 主语后的实义动词用原形。如： I like these animals Do you like these animals She wants to go to the movies Does she want to go to the m
18、ovies 3. I usually come to school by subway.By subway “乘地铁“交通方式 By 短语 In/on 短语 动词短语步行 On foot walk骑自行车 By bike On a bike Ride a bike乘公共汽车 By bus On a bus Take a bus乘小汽车 By car In a car Drive a car乘船 By boat/ship/sea On a boat/ship ship乘地铁 By subway In a subway Take the subway乘火车 By train In/on a tra
19、in Take the train乘飞机 By plane/air In/on a plane fly注意：从上表可以看出，by+交通工具的名词时，by 后面不能加 a/an,the, ones this that 等限定词。We often come to here by plane.4. Come to school “来上学“ school 之前不能加 a、an 或 the 等限定词。球类，时间，节日，季节，三餐等名词前不用冠词。5. Its time for + 名词 “到。 。 。的时间了”Its time for school.Its time to do sth=its time
20、 for Its time to have lunch. Its time for lunch.6. On weekdays “在平日，在工作日“At/on weekends 在周末I work very hard on weekdays.I always get up very late on/at weekends.7. Always “总是，一直“ 是频度副词，英语中常用的频度副词有：always（总是，一直）, usually（通常）, often（经常）, sometimes（有时）, once, twice, seldom（很少）,never （从不）但是它们各自表示动作发生的频率
21、有所不同。图解频度副词的百分比（阴影部分表示各自的频率）(六个圆圈)They always take a bus to the zoo.We usually walk to the park.They often play basketball or soccer, go swimming and so on.Maria sometimes takes the subway home.They seldom eat out on school days.I never go to school buy subway.频度副词多放在行为动词之前，be 动词、情态动词、助动词之后，若放在句首，则表
22、示强调或修饰全句。对频度副词提问通常用 how often,表示每隔多久。She is seldom worried.We dont often watch TV.How often do you go to the library?扩展：行为动词是指具有完整意义，可以单独做谓语的动词，主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。情态动词是本身有意义，但是不能单独做谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。Can,could,may might,must,have to,shall,should助动词是本身没有意义，只是帮助行为动词完成某些语法功能，如表示时态，语态，构成否定句，疑问句，简
23、略答语等，常见的助动词有 be,do, have. Shall, will 等。8. About 做副词时，意为“大约，大概” ，做介词时，意为“关于” 。A book about English.9. Know about 与 know of 同义，意为“知道，熟悉，了解关于。 。 。的情况”I dont know Mr. Smith, but I know about/of him.我不认识史密斯先生，但我听说过他。10. Few, a few,little, a littleFew, a few 修饰可数名词Little, a little 修饰不可数名词Few little 表示很少，
24、几乎没有，a few,a little 表示几个，一些There is little milk in the glass.There is a little meat on the table.11. Have a rest 表示“短暂休息一下”Im too tired. I want to have a good rest.12. In ones free time=in ones spare time 在空闲时间I often play computer games in my free time.13. Go swimming 去游泳 go fishing 去钓鱼 go shopping
25、 去购物14. And so on 等等He likes apples, oranges, bananas and so on.15. Talk 不及物动词，后接交谈对象时常与介词 to 和 with 构成短语，后接谈话内容时常与介词 about 和 of 构成短语。They are talking about the game.Miss Chen is talking with Jane.16. Do ones homework 做作业Do you often do your homework at home?17. For a little while 一会儿After dinner, I
26、 often play computer games for a little while.18. Sleep 睡觉 fall asleep（入睡）, go to sleep(睡觉)和 get to sleep(入睡)I cant get to sleep because i am too excited.19. at the moment 此时此刻，目前，眼下，相当于 nowI am sleeping at the moment.20. borrow “主语向某人借东西” borrow sth from sb 或者 borrow ones sthLend 借给，表示主语把东西借给别人。Len
27、d sth to sb lend sb sthMy teacher often lends story books to me.My teacher ofen lends me story books.keep 表示借某物多久。Keep sth for + 时间段We can keep the book for two weeks.扩展：return 意为归还，及物动词，相当于 give back.但是当 return 意为返回，回来的时候是不及物动词，相当于 come back.Return to +地点，表示回到。 。 。地方，return from + 地点，表示从。 。 。回来。He
28、will return to America next day.21. Find 和 look for 都是找的意思，可是 find 强调寻找的结果， look for 强调寻找的动作和过程。I look for my pen everywhere and finally find it on the desk.22. On time 准时，按时，常指火车，飞机等准点到达。In time 及时，后面可接 for sth 或 to do sth,强调在规定的时间之前，以不迟到为标准。These buses are never on time.The students can get here i
29、n time for class.23. Else 意为别的，其他的，放在疑问代词，疑问副词或不定代词之后。What else can you do?Who else?24. Put on 穿上，带上，强调穿戴这一动作，而且不能延续，be in,wear 强调穿戴的状态Please put on your coat.My sister is in a red skirt.25. Show sb around 领某人参观Show sth to sb, show sb sth26. At the back of 在。 。 。的后面 in the front of 在。 。 。的前面The dinn
30、ing hall is at the back of the school.The teachers desk is in the front of our classroom.27. love/like/enjoy doing sth 喜爱做某事He enjoys watching TV for a little while after lunch.28. Talk to/with 与。 。 。谈话He is talking to/with his English teacher.29. Also 用在肯定句中，位于实义动词前，be 动词，情态动词和助动词后，如：he can also sw
31、im.Too 用于肯定句句末，常用逗号隔开。He is a student, too.Either 用于否定句句末，常用逗号隔开He cant swim,either.As well 一般用于肯定句句末，但不用逗号隔开She can ride a bike as well.30. Work on 致力于。 。从事。 。 。He is working on a new novel.Work for 为。 。 。而工作I am working for my future.Work out 计算，算出The little boy can work out the math problem all b
32、y himself.31. What do you think of.= what do you like.表示主语对某人或某事的看法，对某物的喜欢程度。What do you think of the book?Its interesting.How do you like the book?Very much.32. whats ones favorite?Whatdoes sb like best? 某人最喜欢什么？Whats your favorite sport? = what sport do you like best?33. why dont you?后接动词原形，意为 “你为
33、什么不。 。 。？当它用来表示提出建议的时候，相当于 why not?意为“为何不。 。 。？“Why dont you play soccer with us?34. Be friendly to 对某人友好Everyone here is very friendly to us.35. Other 是形容词，意为“另外的，其他的” ，表示泛指，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果 other 前面有 the, this ,any, each, every, no, none 以及形容词性物主代词时，其后可接单数名词。The other 指两者中的另一个He has two pencils.
34、One is short, the other is long.Others 是 other 的复数形式，意为“别的人或物” ，表示泛指。If you work hard, you will catch up with others soon.36. Say,tell,speak,talk 辨析Say 的意思是“说，说道” ，多指用语言表达自己的思想，强调说话的内容，是及物动词，它的宾语可以使名词，代词或从句，还可以跟直接宾语。Can you say it in English.Tell “讲述，告诉”指把一件事或一个故事讲出来，有连续述说的意思。Tell 可接双宾语结构和复合宾语结构。有时表
35、示“嘱咐或语气较轻的命令”My mother often tells me a story before i go to bed.Speak 的意思是“说话” ，做不及物动词时，通常指说话的能力和方式，也有演讲，发言之意；做及物动词时，其后的宾语是表示语言的名词。Speak.to 同。 。 。说话I can speak a little English.Talk 的意思是 “谈话，谈论” ，指相互之间的谈话，一般做不及物动词用，与 to 或 with 连用表示“与。 。 。交谈” 。谈到关于某人或某事时，后接介词 of 或 about。He is talking with his friend
36、s.37. Thank you for doing sth 做某事而感谢Thank you for great photos.38. hard 和 difficult 的区别Difficult 侧重于问题的“复杂，难于处理” ，需要智慧或技巧才能解决。Nothing is difficult to a man who wills.世上无难事，只怕有心人。Hard 较口语化，也可以指智力方面存在困难，此时可与 difficult 互换，但指体力方面存在困难时，通常用 hard。Its hard to move the desk upstairs.39. 英文书信的格式No. 17 Middle school HarbinApril 6th,2009Dear Mr. Zhao, I am a middle school student. I like your school newspaper. Yours, Liu Dong发信人的地址和日期，先写地址，由小地方到大地方排列，在写日期，顺序是月，日，年，年份前面加一个逗号。对收信人的称呼，从左起顶格写，占一行，末尾用逗号信的主体部分，写在称呼的下一行，从左起的第三个或第五个字母写起，以下各段起始位置与之相同。正文结尾的客套话，低于正文一、二行，从中央靠右写起，首字母大写，末尾用逗号。发信人签名，卸载结束语下面
