1、常用施工工艺中英中英文对照各种施工工艺大全1、 钢结构工程 Steel Project1.1钢结构焊接 Welded Steel1.1.1工艺流程 作业准备电弧焊接（平焊、立焊、横焊、仰焊）焊缝检查Process Ready to workArc Weld(Flat Welding、Stand Welding、Sidelong Welding 、Welding belief) Weld inspection1.1.2钢结构电弧焊接:Arc Welding Steel:1.1.2.1平焊:选择合适的焊接工艺,焊条直径,焊接电流,焊接速度,焊接电弧长度等,通过焊接工艺验证;清理焊口:焊前检查坡口、
2、组装间隙是否符合要求，定位焊是否牢固，焊缝周围不得有油污、锈物；烘焙焊条应符合规定温度与时间，从烘箱中取出的焊条，放在焊条保温桶内，随用随取；焊拉电源：根据焊件厚度、焊接层次、焊条型号、直径、焊工熟练程度等因素，选择适宜的焊接电流；引弧：角焊缝起落弧点应在焊缝端部，宜大于 10，不应随便打弧，打火引弧后应立即将焊条从焊缝区拉开，使焊条块结合与构件间保持24间隙产生电弧。对接焊缝及对接和角接组合焊缝，在焊缝两端设引弧板和引出板，必须在引弧板上引出后再焊到焊缝区，中途接头则应在焊缝接头前方 1520处打火引弧，将焊件预热后再将焊条退回到焊缝起始处，把熔池填满到要求的厚度后，方可向前施焊；焊接速度：
3、要求等速焊接，保证焊缝厚度、宽度均匀一致，从面罩内看熔池中铁水与熔渣保持等距离（23）为宜；焊接电弧长度：根据焊条型号不同而确定，一般要求电弧长度稳定不变，酸性焊条一般为 34，碱性焊条一般为 23为宜；焊接角度：根据两焊件的厚度确定，焊接角度有两个方面，一是焊条与焊接前进方向的夹角为 6075；二是焊条与焊接左右夹角有两种情况，当焊件厚度相等时，焊件与焊件夹角为 45；当焊件厚度不等时，焊条与较厚焊件一侧夹角应大于焊条与薄焊件一侧夹角；收弧：每条焊缝焊到末尾，应将弧坑填满后，往焊接方向相反的方向带弧，使弧坑甩在焊道貌岸然里边，以防弧坑咬肉。焊接完毕，应采用气割切除弧板，并修磨平整，不许用锤击
4、落；清渣：整条焊缝焊完后清除熔渣，经焊工自检（包括外观及焊缝尺寸等）确无问题后，方可转移地点继续焊接。Flat Welding : choice of welding technology, electrode diameter, welding current, welding speed, the length of arc welding, weld process verification; Welding : welding inspection clearance groove, assembly space whether it meets the requirements, p
5、ositioning it firmly welding, weld around is not oil, rust; Electrode temperature and baking time should be required, the rod removed from the oven. tempreture-constant drum on the electrode, then used as admission; Latin America : welding supply welding thickness, welding levels and electrode type
6、and diameter, skilled welders and other factors, and to select appropriate welding current; fillet weld arc : fluctuations in the point arc weld end, they are advised more than 10 mm, is not hard arc, sparking arc weld zone from the electrode should be started immediately. Component integration and
7、maintaining so-rod pieces have 2-4 mm gap arc. Butt Weld and docking and corner combinations Weld, in Weld ends located arc plate and extraction plate in igniting board then leads to the welding seam, joint halfway shall weld joints in front of 2.0 mm Department Firing arc, welding pieces after preh
8、eating rod will return to weld the origin, pool filled to the required thickness, before forward welding; Welding speed : Isokinetic welding requirements to ensure weld thickness, width uniform, which masks to look for hot metal and slag bath equidistance (2-3 mm)%; Arc welding rod length : differen
9、t models and determined that the general requirements of arc length is stable, acid electrode generally 3-4 mm, 2-3 mm normally alkaline electrode%; Welding perspective : According to determine the thickness of two pieces of welding, welding angle has two aspects : First, the angle between the direc
10、tion of the rod and welding of 60-75 ; The second is the angle between two electrodes and welding around, the same thickness as welding, welding and welding pieces incident angle of 45 ; When the thickness ranging from welding, welding electrode and thick and thin pieces of welding electrode side an
11、gle greater than the angle between the side pieces; Arc : admission to the end of each weld should be filled crater, in the direction opposite to the direction of the back-arc welding, arc welding unchanged inside pit in 1974, to prevent the crater bite of meat. Welding completed, should be removed
12、arc OFC boards and grinding formation, while the hammer down; Slag : After removal of the entire weld slag, welders self (including weld appearance and size, etc.) there is no problem, before relocation to continue welding1.1.2.2立焊:基本操作工艺过程与平焊相同,但应注意下述问题:在同等条件下,焊接电源比平焊电流小 10%15%;采用短弧焊接,弧长一般为 23;焊条角度
13、根据焊件厚度确定.两焊件厚度相等,焊条与焊条左右方向夹角均为 45;两焊件厚度不等时,焊条厚度不等时,焊条与较厚焊件一侧的夹角应大于较薄一侧的夹角.焊条应与垂直面形成 6080角,使电弧略向上,吹向熔池中心;收弧:当焊到末尾,采用排弧法将弧坑填满,把电弧移至熔池中央停弧.严禁使弧坑甩在一边.为了防止咬肉,应压低电弧变换焊条角度,使焊条与焊件垂直或由弧稍向下吹.Welding process and the peace operation : basic welding, but they should pay attention to the following issues : under
14、the same conditions, welding current and friction over the plate short-arc welding, arc length is generally 2-3 mm; According to determine perspective welding electrode thickness. Welding two pieces of equal thickness, electrode and the electrode are around 45 angle direction; Two welding thickness
15、ranges, electrode thickness ranges, with thick welding rod side of the incident angle and the angle is larger than the thinner side. with the vertical plane electrode formed 60 to 80 angle, arc slightly upward, towards the pool; Arc welding : admission to the end of the paper that will crater filled
16、 arc, arc moved to the central pool stopped arc. To prevent occlude, Transformation should lower electrode arc angle, or vertical rod and welding pieces of blowing down slightly from the arc.1.1.2.3横焊:基本与平焊相同,焊接电流比同条件平焊的电流小10%15%,电弧长 24.焊条的角度,横焊时焊条应向下倾斜,其角度为 7080,防止铁水下坠.根据两焊件的厚度不同,可适当调整焊条角度,焊条与焊接前进方
17、向为 7090.Sidelong Welding same: basic welding, the welding current conditions compared with the current level of welding small beeswax, 2-4 mm long arc. Electrode angle, horizontal welding rod should be balancing its angle of 70 to 80 to prevent the fall of molten iron. According to the thickness of
18、two different welding pieces, it would be appropriate to adjust electrode perspective welding electrode and the direction of 70 -90 1.1.2.3仰焊:基本与立焊、横焊相同,其焊条与焊件的夹角和焊件厚度有关,焊条与焊接方向成 7080角,宜有小电流、短弧焊接。Welding belief 、Sidelong Welding and Stand Welding: the same horizontal welding, the welding electrode a
19、nd the incident angle and thickness of the welding, welding electrode and the direction of 70 to 80 angle are advised to a small current, short-arc welding1.1.3冬期低温焊接:在环境温度低于 0条件下进行电弧焊时,除遵守常温焊接的有关规定外,应调整焊接工艺参数,使焊缝和热影响区缓慢冷却.风力超过 4级,应采取挡风措施;焊后未冷却的接头,应避免碰到冰雪;钢结构为防止焊接裂纹,应预热以控制层间温度.当工作地点温度在 0以下时,应进行工艺试验,
20、以确定适当的预热,后热温度.Welding : In the winter low temperature environment under the conditions of temperature below 0, in addition to compliance with the relevant provisions of temperature welding, the welding parameters should be adjusted so that weld heat affected zone and slow cooling. Wind over four lev
21、els, measures should be taken to wind; Not the cooling weld joints should avoid encountered snow; To prevent steel welding cracks. interlayer preheating temperature to be controlled. When the temperature is below zero degree work should be carried out when a process test to determine appropriate preheating, heat temperature.1.2普通紧固件连接工程施工工艺
