1、1仁爱英语情态动词讲解与练习I 情态动词的定义情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。II 情态动词的特点1）有一定词义；2）不随主语人称和数的变化而变化；3）与动词原形一起构成谓语。III 情态动词的基本用法can (could)1) 表示能力（会、能） ，could 主要指过去时间。Can you sing this English song?Mary can tell many stories.Can you skate?I could swim when I was eight years old.2）表示请求和允许。Can you bring some water for me?
2、你能带给我一些水吗？ -Can I go to play soccer now? 我能去踢足球吗？- Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 是的，你能。/ 不，你不能。此时可与 may 互换。在疑问句中还可用 could 代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。1. Could you please turn down the music? 2. Could I have a rest?3）cant 表示推测的“肯定不，一定不”The boy cant be Li Ming. He is taller 那个男孩肯定不是李明，他比 Jim 高多了。may
3、/might1) 表示请求和允许。否定回答时可用 cant 或 mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。-May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. - May I say it in Chinese? - Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt.) 用 May I.？(正式和客气 )，而 Can I.？(口语常见) 在回答以 may 引起的问句时，往往不用 Yes, may.或 No, may not，而改用其他方法，肯定回答常用:Yes, please. / Certainly. /Sure. / Of course
4、.等否定回答常用 Please dont./ Youd better not. / No, you mustnt/cant.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。2) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句） 。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。 He may be very busy now. Her mother may not know the boymust1）表示义务。意为“必须” （主观意志） 、必要。 。We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习。You mustnt talk to her like that. 你不能那样对她说话。You must come in
5、 time. 在回答引出的问句时，肯定回答常用 must，而如果是否定的，*不能用 mustnt（禁止，不准） ，而用neednt 或 dont have to（不必）. - Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you neednt. 2) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。Youre his friend, so you must know where he lives. Your mother must be wa
6、iting for you now.Shall 表征询意见，用于第一人称疑问句。Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？should表义务。意为“应该” （某件事宜于做） ，用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers. 你应对老师有礼貌。You shouldnt waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。will/would1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will look after your sister when you le
7、ave. 我愿在你离开时照顾你的妹妹。2）表请求，用于疑问句。Will you close the window? Its a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。Wont you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法等，would 比 will 更委婉。Would you like some chocolate? 来些巧克力好吗？Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？had betterhad better 表示“ 最好“。相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动
8、词原形。结构为：had better do sth.The library is far from here. Youd better take a bus.如果要表达“最好不”时，常用 had better not do sth.Its raining outside. Wed better not go to the museum.含有 had better 的句子，在改为一般疑问句时，只需要将had 置于句首即可。-Had I better leave here at once?need 既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，只能用于疑问句和否定句。 need 作实义动词时后
9、面的不定式必须带 to。 1) 实义动词： need （需要 , 要求） need + n. / to do sth. I need some help. 我需要一些帮助。He needs to do more exercise. 他需要做更多的练习。2) 情态动词： need，只用原形 need 后加 do，否定形式为need not。 Need I turn off the TV? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.注意：need 构成的疑问句，肯定回答用 must.have to have to 意为“不得不” ，后跟动词原形，表示由于客观因素，自己不想做但
10、又不得不做某事。have to 有时态及人称的变化。I have to wash my clothes this weekend.She has to stay in bed and have a good rest.They had to walk home because there was something wrong with the car.在进行句型转换时，需要借助于助动词。have to do / has to does / had to did(三)辨异 must 和 have tomust 表示主观意志，而 have to 表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must 没有过去式
11、, have to 有人称和时态的变化。I told him that he must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一2切准备就绪。强化练习( ) 1 John_ come to see us this evening, but he isnt very sure yet(还). A. may B. can C. has to D. must( ) 3 -May I take this book out? -No, you_.A. cant B. may not C. nee
12、dnt D. arent( ) 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because you have a cold. A. can B. must C. would( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not( ) 6 -He_ be in the classroom, I think.-No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. mu
13、st; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt( ) 7 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?-Thanks, but you_, Im full.A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt( ) 8 Even the teachers cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need( ) 9 He isnt at school. I think he _ be i
14、ll.A. can B. shall C. must D. has to( ) 10 _ I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do( ) 11 The children_ play football on the road.A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must( ) 12 You _ be late for school again next time.A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont have to D. dont need to( ) 13 -Must I do my homework at
15、once? -No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not( ) 14 His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor.A. has not to B. dont have to C. havent to D. doesnt have to( ) 15 “Must I finish the work today?” “No, you .”A. cant B. may not C. mustnt D. neednt( ) 16. you please tell me the way to the
16、station?A. Shall B. Would C. May ( ) 17. I open the window? Its hot here.A. Must B. Will C. Shall D. Would( ) 18. Whos the man over there? Is it Mr. Li? No, it be him. Mr. Li is much taller.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt( ) 19 You_ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way. A. had bett
17、er not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not( ) 20 -Shall we go and visit the museum next Sunday? A. Here you are B. Sorry, I cant C. Yes, please D. Let me try( ) 21 -Why dont you ask Mike to go with us? -Thanks,_.A. I will B. I wont C. I can D. I may( ) 22 -_ I take the newspaper awa
18、y?-No, you mustnt. You_read it only here.A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must( ) 23 Excuse me. _ you please pass me that cup?A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must( ) 24 _ you like to have another try?A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do( ) 25 -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, _. A.
19、Id like B. I want C. Id like to D. I do( ) 26 You_ worry about your son. He will get well soon. A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. have to( ) 27. I ask you a question, please? Yes, please. A. May B. Must C. Need D. Will ( ) 28. -Must we do our homework first?-No, you_. You may have a rest first.A. mustn
20、t B. neednt C. may not D. cant( ) 29. Please dont make a noise. _ . Ill be as quiet as a mouse.A. yes, I wont B. No, I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I will( ) 30. “_ I take it out?“ “Im sorry, you _.“A. Could.couldnt B. Could.can C. May.cant( )32. “Need we do this job now?“ “Yes, _.“A. you need B. you
21、should C. you must D. you can( )33. _ to have lunch with us today?A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked( )34. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. shouldnt D. wont ( )35. Come on! We _ hurry because there isnt much time left. A. may B.
22、 must C. can D. need( )36. Because there is no light(灯光) in the room, hebe in.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. must( )37. ask for some more people to do the work? Yes, I think so. A. Need we B. Do we need to C. Need we do D. Do we need( )38. May I smoke here? No, .A. you mustnt B. you may not C. youd
23、better not D. A and C.( )39. Its very dangerous outside. You go out.A. had better B. had better not C. hadnt better D. had better not to( )40. Must we finish the work today? No, you . You may leave some to tomorrow.A. cant B. mustnt C. dont D. neednt ( )50. you like to come to my party?A. Shall B. W
24、ould C. Should D. Will( )51. you play football with us? Sorry, I . I tidy my room.A. Will; wont; mustnt B. Could; couldnt; couldnt C. Can; cant; have to D. May; maynt; must( )52. When the lights are red, the traffic stop. Then you _ cross.A. must; can B. should; should C. have to; must D. can; can(
25、)53. My mother is out. I look after my little brother. A. have to B. can C. has to D. may not( )54. The radio says it is sunny today. You take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. can( )55. we go out for a walk? Good idea. What time shall we meet?A. Shall B. Let C. Will D. Must( )57. Must we finish our homework now?Oh no, you . A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt( )58. you swim in the river?A. Can B. Must C. May D. neednt( )60. May I throw a Frisbee in the street? No, you .3A. may not B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont
