1、金融英语 100:00.00Chapter 1 Banks in Modern Society00:01.82第一章现代社会中的银行00:03.63Unit 1 Basic Roles and Services of a Bank00:05.79第一单元银行的基本职能和服务00:07.94What is a bank?00:09.44如何定义银行?00:10.95It may be advisable to define a bank as an institution for doing financial work.00:14.59可以将银行定义为从事金融工作的机构.00:18.23Not
2、es:What is a bank?00:20.58如何定义银行?00:22.94It may be advisable to define a bank as an institution for doing financial work.00:36.48可以将银行定义为从事金融工作的机构.00:50.02A modern bank provides many services.00:51.87现代银行提供多种服务.00:53.71One of the most important of these is regular pass book savings.00:56.41其中最重要的一项就
3、是存款储蓄.00:59.12If you go to a bank to open a savings account,01:00.87如何你去银行开立储蓄户头,01:02.62first of all youll be asked to fill out a signature card.01:04.91首先你得填写签名卡.01:07.21Notes:If you go to a bank to open a savings account,01:09.71如何你去银行开立储蓄户头,01:12.20first of all youll be asked to fill out a signa
4、ture card.01:13.95首先你得填写签名卡.01:15.70saving account,01:24.82demand-deposit or checking-accounts,01:29.52time-deposit01:31.51Then youll be given a passbook in which your initial deposit would be recorded.01:34.60然后你会得到一张存折,上面记载了你的初次存款.01:37.70All deposits and with-drawals from your account are entered
5、 into your passbook.01:40.30你帐上所有存、取款都将记入你的存折.01:42.90This means that the passbook01:44.24这就是说存折01:45.59contains an actual record of saving you have at any one time.01:48.08实实在在记录着你每一次的储蓄情况.01:50.58With a regular passbook savings account,01:52.38如果是活期存折储蓄帐户,01:54.18you would be able to withdraw mone
6、y whenever you needed it.01:56.88一旦需要,你随时可以取款.01:59.59All you would have to do is to fill out a withdrawal order and present it,02:02.24需要做的只是填写取款单,02:04.89along with your passbook,to the teller.02:06.59然后与存折一并交给出纳02:08.29Another important service that banks provide is travelers checks.02:10.59银行的另一
7、项服务就是旅行支票.02:12.88If you went on a vacation or traveled on business to another city or state,02:15.59如果你去另外一个城市或其它州出差或度假,02:18.29you would probably want to bring some travelers checks with you.02:20.29你很可能想携带旅行支票.02:22.29They have two important advantages over cash.02:24.13比起现金,旅行支票有两个重要的优势.02:25.97
8、One is that your money is always safe.02:27.71一是你的钱一直会很安全,02:29.45If the checks are lost or stolen,you can receive a refund for the total amount.02:32.24如果支票遗失和被盗,你会得到如数的退赔.02:35.04Another is that they are more convenient.02:36.49另外一个优势就是旅行支票颇为方便.02:37.94For this service the bank charges 1 percent o
9、f the amount of the check.02:40.08银行的这项服务要占支票面额百分之一的费用.02:42.22Still another service that banks provide is safe-deposit boxes,02:44.77银行还提供了一项服务,就是贵重物品保管箱.02:47.31where you can keep important documents and valuable jewelry.02:49.51你可以在保管箱里存上重要文件和贵重珠宝.02:51.70If kept in you own home,your valuables mi
10、ght be lost or stolen.02:54.35如果将贵重物品放在家里,或许会失丢或被窃.02:57.01They might also be destroyed by fire or flood.02:58.81或许还会毁于水灾或火灾.03:00.61Safe-deposit boxes are kept in vaults that are usually burglar-proof and fireproof.03:03.95贵重物品保管箱通常存放在防盗、防火的保险库中.03:07.30Notes:03:09.49Safe-deposit boxes are kept in
11、vaults that are usually burglar-proof and fireproof.03:15.29burglar-proof,03:27.39a waterproof coat,03:30.18a bulletproof car,03:32.98a soundproof room03:35.98To get a safe-deposit box,03:37.38你要想使用贵重物品保管箱,03:38.78you would have to fill out a signature card and pay a yearly rental fee.03:41.18就得填写签名
12、卡并且付上一年的租金.03:43.58You would be given a key to your box,and the bank would keep another key.03:45.78你会拿到一把开箱的钥匙,而银行会留存另一把.03:47.97It is impossible to open your box without both keys.03:50.31没有两把钥匙就不能打开你的箱子.03:52.65The banks takes another precaution as well.03:54.89银行还采取了另一预防措施.03:57.14Before you can
13、 open the box,you must sign a slip of paper.03:59.23你在开箱之前,必须在纸上签名.04:01.32Your signature is compared with the one on your signature card.04:03.36这一签名将与你在签名卡上的签名相对比.04:05.39Youll not be allowed to open your box unless the employee04:07.34你不允许打开箱子,04:09.29at the bank is satisfied that the signature i
14、s genuine.04:11.28直到银行雇员确信签名是真迹后.04:13.28One another important service,04:14.58还有一项重要服务04:15.87one which many businessmen who travel a great deal take advantage of,04:18.31就是许多经常旅行的商人所利用的服务,04:20.75is the credit card.04:22.05即信用卡.04:23.34Credit cards are the convenient way of paying hotel bills and
15、other expenses.04:25.93信用卡是支付酒店帐单和其他费用的便利手段.04:28.51They can also be used for cash advances.04:30.41信用卡还可以用来预支现金.04:32.30All charges made on your card are sent to the bank,04:34.46你卡的一切款项会送到银行,04:36.61and you are billed once a month for the total amount.04:38.31要求你每月付一次总帐.04:40.01There is no charge(
16、except for cash advances) if the payment is received promptly.04:43.26除非预支现金,如能及时付款,无需任何费用.04:46.51To get a credit card,you must fill out an application04:48.46你如果想拥有一张信用卡,就必须填写申请表,04:50.40that requires you to supply such personal information as your monthly salary and other income.04:53.45提供诸如你每月工资
17、和其他收入之类的个人资料.04:56.49If your credit is not good,the bank will not issue such a credit card.04:58.74如果你的信誉不好,银行就不会给你发卡.05:00.98Of course,this information is kept confidential.05:02.93当然这一情况是保密的.05:04.88Most of the services described above do not provide a major source of income for the bank.05:08.13上
18、述大多数业务并不能为银行提供主要的收入来源.05:11.38How,then,does the bank itself make its money?05:13.27那么银行是如何赚钱的呢?05:15.17Its largest source of income is through loans.05:17.22最大的收入来源还是贷款.05:19.27The majority of loans made are known as commercial loans05:21.48大多数贷款以商业贷款05:23.68-loans made to businesses and not to indi
19、viduals.05:26.78贷给企业而不是个人的款项,最为人所熟知.05:29.87In addition,banks make real estate loans to individuals for the purchase of houses or land,05:33.27此外银行也向想购买住房或土地的个人提供房地产贷款,05:36.67and they also give personal loans to people05:38.65还向想购买新车05:40.64who want to buy a new car or a new appliance05:42.48或新设备的人
20、提供个人贷款.05:44.32It is hard to imagine05:45.52很难想象,05:46.72how the complex business affairs of our modern world could be carried out05:49.22人们将如何处理现代社会复杂的商业事务,05:51.71without the many services that a bank provides.05:53.66假如说没有银行提供的许许多多的服务.05:55.60Unit 2 Commercial Banks05:57.15第二单元商业银行05:58.69Section
21、 One Advances06:00.18第一部分放款06:01.67When a trading banker refers to his banks business,06:03.72当商业银行提及其银行业务时,06:05.77it means primarily its advance business.06:07.97主要是指放款业务.06:10.18The provision of credit by way of advances to customers06:12.68以放款方式向客户提供贷款06:15.17is central to the business of tradin
22、g banks06:17.27是商业银行的中心任务,06:19.38because it yields the bulk of their income,06:21.22因为放款是它们大量收入的来源06:23.06demands the most important policy decisions at every level of bank administration,06:26.05需要各级银行管理机构的重要决策,06:29.04and constitutes the channel through06:30.79并且建立了渠道,06:32.54which trading banks
23、exercise the greatest influence on a countrys economy.06:35.64使商业银行由此对国家的经济产生重大影响.06:38.73A bank advance can take two forms,loan or overdraft.06:41.12银行放款可以采取两种形式：贷款或透支.06:43.51The distinction between the two methods does not matter greatly to the customer.06:46.32这两放款方式的差别对客户关系不大.06:49.13With the o
24、verdraft method,06:50.28采用透支方法借款,06:51.43the amount of the agreed advance is noted in the customers account.06:53.57银行议定的放款金额在客户帐户上注明06:55.71as the limit up to which he may overdraw his account,06:57.71作为该客户可以透支的“限额“,06:59.71and interest is charged only on the daily debit balance.07:01.90而利息仅按每日借方余额
25、计息.07:04.10In the case of loans,07:05.25至于贷款方式的借款,07:06.40the whole amount advanced is at once debited to the customers loan account07:08.70全部放款金额同时借记客户的贷款帐户07:10.99and credited to his current account.07:12.64和贷记其往来帐户.07:14.29But since the bank usually allows a substantial interest set-off07:16.73但是
26、,由于银行通常同意冲抵较少的贷方余额,07:19.17on any smaller credit balance,07:20.82而在利息上做出很大让步07:22.46the interest payable is much the same as under the overdraft procedure.07:25.01应付利息与透支方式的利息大致相同.07:27.56The distinction does,however,make a difference to totals of deposits and advances.07:30.30然而,这种差别对于存款和放款的总额确有不同.
27、07:33.04If advances take the form of loans,07:34.60如果放款采取贷款的形式,07:36.15new credit granted immediately increases advances and deposits by the full amount.07:39.25发放的新贷款立即全数转入放款和存款中.07:42.34In the case of overdrafts,07:43.69至于透支方式的放款,07:45.03advances and deposits are increased only as the overdraft is
28、 used.07:47.72只有在使用透支的情况下放款和存款才会增加.07:50.41If figures for unexercised overdrafts were available and were added to deposits07:53.22如果未动用透支的数额有效并被转入存款,07:56.03this difference,too,would disappear.07:57.57这种差别也就不存在了.07:59.11A bank is usually happy to take on new customers,08:01.02银行通常乐于接纳新客户,08:02.93Not
29、es:A bank is usually happy to take on new customers,08:08.41Notes:take on08:14.92Weve decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts department.08:17.11我们决定为会计部聘请一名新的办事员.08:19.30but it naturally scrutinizes more closely outside applicants,08:22.00但是对于非往来客户申请者,对他们的信贷资信情况08:24.69of whose credit standi
30、ng it has no direct knowledge08:26.59不直接了解,自然要仔细地审核；08:28.50and always makes it a condition of the advance08:30.09并且把这作为一种情况08:31.69that the applicant transfer his ordinary banking business to itself.08:34.19总以申请者将其普通银行业务过户到本行为放款条件.08:36.70Nor are all advances formally approved and backed by written
31、 security.08:39.25不是每笔放款都需要正式批准和书面担保.08:41.80The Australian trading banks are much less strict than American banks08:44.20澳大利亚商业银行比美国银行要宽松得多;08:46.60about debit balances incur red by customers overdrawing their accounts by small amounts08:49.80帐户出现小额的08:53.00and for short periods without formal appr
32、oval.08:55.05和短期的透支金额,客户未经批准.08:57.10Business firms in good standing with their bank08:58.64与银行保持良好信誉的商务公司09:00.19can usually also count on getting a small overdraft for a short period,09:02.64指望得到短期的小额透支09:05.10of perhaps a few weeks,without formal security.09:07.29或许只有几个星期,通常也可以在无正式担保时.09:09.49Not
33、es:09:11.18Business firms in good standing with their bank09:15.68can usually also count on getting a small overdraft for a short period,09:20.56of perhaps a few weeks,without formal security.09:24.77Notes:count on09:32.06You cannot count on the weather being fine.09:33.90你不能指望天气会好起来.09:35.74The ove
34、rdrafts of very large companies are commonly unsecured.09:37.93相当大的公司透支通常无需担保.09:40.13But insistence on written security09:41.62但是强调局面担保09:43.11is probably more general in Australia than in England09:45.20在澳大利亚,或许比在英国更为普遍.09:47.28where business and particularly personal advances09:49.14在英国,企业、特别是个人贷
35、款09:50.99are still frequently granted on the good name09:52.99仍然常常依靠其良好的信誉09:54.99and the banks knowledge of the customer alone.09:56.79和银行单方面对客户的了解而定.09:58.60The usual procedure,when a new advance is sought,10:00.59当寻求一笔新贷款时,通常的程序是:10:02.59is for the customer to put his request to the bank manager1
36、0:04.43客户向银行经理呈交申请,10:06.28who will require information about the applicants business and financial position10:08.82由银行经理对申请人的业务和财物状况、10:11.37the purpose of the advance,10:12.52贷款目的、10:13.67security offered and arrangements for repayment;10:15.51所示担保和还款计划等进行咨询.10:17.35if the applicant is not well kn
37、own to the bank,10:18.79如果银行不很了解申请人的话,10:20.23he may ask for references.10:21.62有可能要求其提供担保人.10:23.02For advances up to a certain amount,10:24.26对于一定数量的放款,10:25.50the manager has authority to sanction the advance at his own discretion,10:27.89经理有权自行批准,10:30.28though the amount varies from bank to ban
38、k10:31.78这个数量因不同银行而异10:33.29and with the size of the managers branch;10:34.88也与经理所在银行的大小而不同,10:36.47it may also vary according to whether credit policy is tight or easy.10:39.22同时,也根据信贷政策的宽松度而改变.10:41.96When the advance is approved,10:43.71这笔贷款一经同意,10:45.46the banks security department prepares secu
39、rity documents10:47.76银行信贷部就准备提交10:50.06which may require detailed investigation and valuation.10:52.46详细的调查和评估担保文件.10:54.86When these are completed,10:56.07当一切完成后,10:57.27the agreed limit is recorded in the customers advance account.10:59.51银行同意的贷款数额则记入客户的预付款帐户.11:01.76All advance accounts are kept
40、 under regular review,11:03.81所有预付款帐户都要定期检查,11:05.86and customers may be requested to11:07.72并且要求客户11:09.57comply with the formal or informal repayment arrangements.11:11.87遵守正式或非正式的还款计划.11:14.17Section 2 Commercial Banks Credit Creation11:16.47第二部分商业银行的信用创造11:18.77It is the ability of the commercia
41、l banks to create money11:20.82商业银行有创造货币的能力11:22.87in the form of demand deposits by making loans and investments11:26.26因发放贷款,进行投资,以活期存款的形式11:29.66that distinguishes commercial banks from other financial institutions.11:32.51而与其他金融机构相区别.11:35.35While some thrift institutions have acquired demand de
42、posit authority,11:38.66尽管一些储蓄机构也获得了提供活期存款的授权,11:41.96their participation in money creation is limited relative to banks11:45.06但与商业银行相比它们创造信用的能力十分有限,11:48.15which hold their nearly all business demand deposits11:50.06由于商业银行拥有几乎所有企业的活期存款、11:51.97and the majority of individual and government demand d
43、eposits.11:54.71绝大部分个人和政府的活期存款.11:57.45The banking system can build up deposits by increasing loans and investments,12:00.21银行可以通过发放贷款、进行投资来增加存款,12:02.96so long as banks keep enough currency and reserves12:04.77只要保持足够的货币和储备12:06.57to meet the requirement imposed on them by regulation12:08.66满足法定的规定,
44、12:10.75and to redeem whatever amounts the holders of deposits want to convert to currency.12:13.94并且保证存款人实现变现的需要.12:17.12This is a unique attribute that is often difficult for the layman to understand12:19.92银行的这一特点对于业外人士很难理解,12:22.71and that occasionally even baffles bankers.12:24.71即使银行家也时常感到困惑.1
45、2:26.71As contrasted with the banking system as a whole,however,12:29.81当然,与银行整体系统相比,12:32.90an individual bank cannot expect that the deposits it creates will remain with it.12:35.91单个银行不可能将它创造的存款保留在自己的银行内.12:38.91The money it can lend and invest,at any moment,12:40.80在任何时候,它只能将以下款项用于贷款和投资;12:42.70
46、is its excess of cash12:43.99即:在所拥有的现金,12:45.28and bank balances over required reserves and minimum cash requirements.12:48.34存款余额中超出法定储备和最低现金持有量的部分12:51.40The individual bank must stand ready12:52.94作为单个的银行它必须12:54.48to pay out the deposits it creates when it makes new loans12:56.72随时付出通过贷款创造的存款,12
47、:58.97Notes:13:00.46The individual bank must stand ready to pay out the deposits it creates when it makes new loans13:08.17Notes:stand13:14.25How do things stand at the moment?13:15.76目前事情的状况如何?13:17.26and to pay for securities it buys upon delivery.13:20.46当证卷的投资交割时也必须支付.13:23.66In practice,out of the vast aggregate of financial transactions the individual bank gains13:27.41实际操作中,每家银行可从日常大量的金融交易中获得,13:31.15and loses funds in the course of each days business13:33.70也可能推动资金.13:36.25From its net gai
