1、金融英语辅导(中英文对照)金融英语基础辅导-Exports 出口Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land, such as cotton, timber or rubber. Some raw materials, such as iron ore, come from mines. These raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other
2、countries where they are made into manufactured goods.出口货物既有原材料,也有制成品.原材料是从土里长出来的产品,如棉花、木材或橡胶；有些原材料，如铁矿等，是从矿山里开采出来的。这些原材料往往从原产地国家出口到生产制成品的国家。Some countries produce food for export, for example, meat, sugar, or cereals such as wheat and maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultur
3、al country needs fertile land and a good climate. A cold, dry climate is not suitable for agriculture.有些国家生产食物出口，例如肉类、糖等，或者是小麦、玉米等谷物。这些国家属于农业国，农业国需要肥沃的土地和宜人的气候。寒冷干燥的气候对农作物的生长不适宜。A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country cannot always
4、 produce enough food for its own needs. In this case, it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns from the exported goods.生产制成品的国家被称为工业化国家，一个工业化国家生产的食物往往不能满足本国的需要。在这种情况下，它就不会出口食物，而是进口食物。这样的国家
5、依赖制成品的出口，并用出口挣得的钱支付进口费用。金融英语基础辅导-FunnyMoney 假钞The U.S. Secret Service estimates that some $1 billion of counterfeit U.S. dollars are printed every year. Ninety percent of that amount is confiscated by authorities before distribu- tion, but that still leaves $ 100 million floating around the world at
6、 any one time. People worry about getting stuck with funny money, and some buy devices that can help them determine whether a bill is counterfeit. The most common type of detector uses ultraviolet light to spot a bill that has been bleached and then reprinted -a recent counterfeiting technique.美国联邦经
7、济情报局估计，每年有十亿美元的假钞印刷出来。其中有百分之九十的假钞在进入流通之前就被有关当局没收，但还是有一亿美元会偶尔流到世面上。人们为收到假钞而发愁，有些人购买了能够帮他们鉴别假钞的仪器。最常用的探测器用紫外线识别经漂白后又重印的纸币-一种最近发明的防伪技术。Now comes a new device for discovering bogus bucks that is more convenient than competing products , and as effective. It is called the Vistatector. Every major currenc
8、y in the world, except French francs and West German marks printed before 1973, has magnetic particles embedded on the face of the bill. The particles (which enable counting machines to process stacks of money) are present in the printing ink and lie on certain predetermined spots on individual bill
9、s. The Vistatector is a penlike device that uses electronic circuit to detect whether the magnetic particles are present on a bill - and if so, if they are located where they should be.现在出现了一种新的探测假币的装置，这种装置比与之竞争的其他产品更为方便，且同样有效。它就是展测仪。世界上的各种主要货币，除了法郎和 1973年之前印刷的西德马克外，在纸币的表面嵌有磁粉。这些粒子（粉末） （能使计数机对大量的钱进行
10、分理）存在于油墨中，并在各张纸币的预定点显现。展测仪是一种钢笔形状的仪器，用电子线路查出纸币上是否存在磁粉- 如果纸币上是有磁粉的，那么还要看它们是否在准确的部位。Users rub the bottom of the “pen“ back and forth across two different spots on a bill, and indicator lights signify whether magnetic particles are embedded in those areas. If the bill is genuine, the product will show
11、the presence of particles in one spot and the absence of them in the other. Unlike ultraviolet detectors that require the user to make subjective color comparisons to determine the authenticity of a bill, the Vistatector requires no human decision making.使用者用“笔“的底部在纸币上的不同点来回擦拭，指示器的光线显示所经部位是否嵌有磁粉。如果纸
12、币是真的，该产品就会显示有的部位有磁粉，有的部位无磁粉。和紫外线探测仪不同的是，紫外线探测仪需要使用者要与主观的颜色进行对比以确定纸币的真伪，而展测仪则无需凭藉人的判断能力。金融英语基础辅导-CentralBank 中央银行Easy Monetary PolicyA policy issued by a Central Bank to assist economic growth usually achieved by reducing short-term interest rates.宽松货币政策为帮助经济增长，由中央银行发布的政策，通常通过降低短期利率来实现。Tight Monetary
13、 Policy A policy issued by a Central Bank to fight against inflation usually achieved by increasing short-term interest rates.紧缩货币政策为抵抗通货膨胀，由中央银行发布的政策，通常通过增加短期利率来实现。Inflation The consistent increase in the prices of goods and services in the economy, resulting in a reduction in the purchasing power
14、of money.通货膨胀金融方面产品和服务价格稳定增长，由此引起的货币购买力的降低。Consumer ConfidenceOptimism over the state of the economy shown by assessing consumer saving and spending activity.消费者信心通过评估消费者存款和消费的活跃性所显示的对财政状况的乐观态度。Financial StabilityA state that exists where the financial system is able to withstand shocks without impa
15、iring savings and the processing of payments.金融稳定金融系统在没有削弱储蓄和处理付款的情况下能抵抗冲击所具有的状态金融英语基础辅导-Clearinghouse 票据交换所CommitmentAn agreement by an individual or organization to complete a task within a certain timeframe. 买卖契约个人或机构在某一时限内完成一项任务的协议。RegistrationA process by which an owner of stock or security has
16、 the ownership officially recorded in a book or on a computer system.登记股票或有价证券持有者将其持有的对股票或有价证券的所有权正式记录在册或记录在电脑系统中的做法。Real Time Gross SettlementRTGS, a process in which both the processing and settlement of a financial transaction can take place continuously, without using specific times.实时总结算RTGS，没有
17、特定时限的，连续处理和结算金融交易的过程。Settlement RiskThe risk where a supplier of goods or services has delivered and the buyer is unable or unwilling to pay for them.结算风险商品或服务供应商已交货，而买主无力或不愿付款的风险。金融英语基础辅导-Money 货币MoneyLegal tender issued by a government. Paper currency and coin. 货币政府发行的法定货币。有纸币和金属币。Negotiable Instr
18、umentAn order or promise to pay a certain amount of money that can easily be transferred from one person to another.可转让票据一种汇款单或付款承诺并可以自由转让。LiquidEasily converted into cash.流动性变现能力。Federal Reserve BoardEstablished in 1913 to regulate the monetary and banking system of the United States through the Fe
19、deral Reserve System.联邦储备委员会1913年成立，通过联邦储备系统管理美国的货币和银行系统。Open Market OperationsActivities by the Federal Reserve Bank to regulate money supply.公开市场业务联邦储备银行管理货币供应的活动。Money MarketMarket for short-term debt with a maturity of one year or less.货币市场短期负债，一年内到期的市场。Monetary PolicyDecisions of the Federal Re
20、serve Board regarding money supply.货币政策联邦储备委员会有关货币供应的决策。InflationA rise in prices usually due to too much money chasing too few goods and services.通货膨胀由于货币过多，商品和服务过少而产生的价格上涨。金融英语基础辅导-BankingLaw 银行法Two basic laws were introduced in 1995 to govern banks in China: the Law of the Peoples Bank of China a
21、nd the Commercial Banking Law of China (known herein as “The CB Law“). These laws represented a major step in the reforming of the banking system. The CB Law outlines banking reforms in four key areas:1995年出台了管理中国银行的两个基本法：中国人民银行法和中国商业银行法（这里称“商业银行法(The CB Law)“） 。这些法律的出台是整顿银行系统的重要一步。商业银行法概述了银行改革的四个关键
22、领域： 1. Protection of depositors;2. Granting of greater autonomy to commercial banks;3. Conversion of specialized banks and credit cooperatives into commercial banks; and4. Introduction of prudential standards and regulations.1、保护存款人;2、授予商业银行更多的自主权;3、将专门银行和信用合作社并入商业银行；以及4、引入慎重原则和规章。At the time, these
23、 standards were too high for the major banks to adopt. Today however, all commercial banks (“CBs“) adhere to The CB law.那时采用这些标准，对主要的银行来说是要求太高了。但是今天，所有的商业银行(“CB“)都遵守商业银行法。金融英语基础辅导-Interest 利息Interest is the cost of using money. The interest rate paid is usually expressed in annual terms though money
24、 market instruments may have a shorter term than one year. An interest rate is determined by dividing the amount of interest paid by the principal amount borrowed. For example, if a $1000 bond pays $85 in interest for one year, the annual interest rate is 8.5 percent. In the U.S. some interest-beari
25、ng bonds, such as municipals, entitle the bearer to an exemption from certain taxes on interest income. The interest paid by a company on its outstanding debt as well as the interest paid by a homeowner on his/her mortgage, is deductible from income as an expense and so can reduce the amount of tax
26、owed.利息是使用货币的成本。利率的支付形式通常以年为期限，虽然金融市场票据会有一个更短的时间。利率的制定取决于借款本金所划分的利息。举个例子，如果 1,000美元的债券每年支付 85美元的利息，那么年利率就是 8.5%。美国有一些有息债券，如政府债券，它允许持有人在利息收益上有一定的免税。公司未偿债务和按揭住房的屋主需支付的利息可以作为一项费用减少他们的应交税金金融英语基础辅导-InvestmentBanking 投资银行业务Investment BankingThe activities of a firm when serving as intermediary between an
27、issuer of securities and the investing pubic. 投资银行业务作为证券发行人和投资公众中介的公司活动。Firm CommitmentAn arrangement whereby investment bankers purchase the new issue shares of a company outright for resale to the public.包销投资银行购买某公司的全部新股向公众出售的安排。Best EffortsAn arrangement whereby investment bankers, through option
28、s to purchase, agree to do their best to sell a new issue to the public.代销投资银行同意通过购买期权尽最大努力向公众出售新股的安排。All or NoneAn arrangement giving the investment bankers the right to cancel the agreement if a new issue is not fully subscribed.整批委托赋予投资银行在新股没有完全被认购时取消协议的安排。SyndicateAlso called the purchase group.
29、 A group of underwriters that agrees to purchase a new issue of stock from the issuer for sale to the public.辛迪加或称为承销团。同意向发行人购买新股并向公众出售的承销商。Selling ConcessionThe discount given by the syndicate to members of the selling group.出售折扣辛迪加向出售团成员提供的折扣。StabilizationActivities by an underwriter to support th
30、e offering price of a new issue stock in the aftermarket.稳定化承销商在后市市场支持新股招股价的行动。AftermarketThe trading of a new issue stock after it has been fully subscribed.后市股票被完全认购后对新股的交易。 金融英语基础辅导-Margin 保证金MarginMoney deposited into a stock account in order to borrow money to purchase or sell short securities.
31、保证金存在股票账户上用来借钱买卖短期证券的资金。Short SellTo sell a security not owned by the seller in the hope that it can be bought back and replaced at a lower price in the future.做空销售不属于自己的证券，希望在将来以较低价格回购获得利润的行为。T + 3Reg T settlement date for securities transactions. Trade date +3 days.T+ 3T是证券交易日，当天交易日起加 3天为结算日。Equit
32、yExcess over the debit balance (money borrowed) in a stock account.净值股票账户上超过债务余额(负债)的部分。Excess MarginEquity in a stock account above the legal limit required for margin maintenance in a long or short account.超额保证金在长期或短期账户中，超过法定保证金维持范围的股票账户净值。Restricted AccountWhen equity falls below the minimum marg
33、in maintenance a customer may not make further purchases without additional deposit.限制账户当净值低于最低保证金维持时，客户不续存资金就不能买入股票。Buying PowerAmount of money available in a margin account to buy securities based on excess margin divided by the margin requirement.购买力保证金账户中超过利差要求，可以买入证券的那部分超额保证金。Margin CallAmount
34、of additional cash or securities that must be deposited in an account if equity falls below minimum margin maintenance level.追缴保证金通知当净值低于最低保证金维持标准时必须存入的资金或股票。金融英语基础辅导-Types of Companies 公司类型companyAn organization that operates a business as a sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, or other e
35、ntity.公司通过独资、合伙、合资或其它形式经营的组织。Sole ProprietorshipA type of company in which all profits and liabilities flow through to an individual. 独资由一名个人独立享有全部利润并承担全部债务的公司类型。PartnershipA type of company in which all profits and liabilities are shared by more than one person. 合伙利润由多人分享，债务由多人承担连带责任的公司类型。DBA - (Do
36、ing Business As)When a business conducts its activities using a name other than that of its principal owners. DBA使用所有人之外的名称开展业务的行为。Privately-owned CorporationA company whose stock is held by a limited number of individuals and cannot be bought or sold through a stock exchange. 私有公司由一定数量的个人控股的公司，不能通过
37、证券交易所交易。Publicly-owned CorporationA company whose stock is listed on a stock exchange and is usually owned by a large number of individual shareholders. 公有公司股票在证交所上市的公司，通常有大量私人股东。Corporate CharterA document that establishes the existence of a corporation and whose bylaws set organizational and proce
38、dural guidelines for its operation.公司章程确立公司成立并规定公司运营的组织结构和过程的文件。ShareholderThe owner of a share of stock in a company.股东持有一定数量公司股份的人金融英语基础辅导-FinancialStatements 财务报告A financial statement is a written record of the financial condition of a company for its fiscal year. It consists of a balance sheet a
39、nd an income statement (also called a profit and loss statement or “P&L“). A balance sheet is a snapshot of the financial affairs of a company at a given point in time, unlike a P&L which shows the results of operations over a period of time. It lists the assets of the company on the left side and l
40、iabilities on the right side. When a company is solvent its assets exceed its liabilities, and that figure, called the net worth of the company, also appears on the right side of a balance sheet. The basic components of a P&L statement are money received from sales and other sources along with the a
41、mount paid out for expenses, taxes, and other costs. The difference between the two is called the “bottom line.“ If there is more income than expense, the bottom line is profit, if not, there is a loss.一份财务报告是公司在一个财务年度中关于财务状况的书面记录。它包括资产负债表和收益表（也被称作损益表） 。资产负债表是对公司在某一特定时刻上财务的大体状况，而损益表展示了公司在一段时间内的运营成果。资产负债表的左侧列出公司的资产，右侧为负债。当公司的资产大于负债则具备偿债能力，两者的差额称作公司净值，也被列在资产负债表的右侧。损益表的基础组成部分是已到货款和其他收益并带有付出的费用，税金和其他成本。两者的区别被 称作“底线“。如果收益大于费用，底线是利润，如果相反，那就是亏损。
