1、地图 Map用于地图比较的方位及动态变化词汇：方位坐落/位于 A is located/A is situated/A lies In the west of the map, there are mountains.(在的西部 )There are rivers in the eastern part of the map.(在的东部)Mountains are parallel to the rivers.(与平行)The truck is to the right of the gas station.(在的右边)The church is surrounded by trees.(被包
2、围)A policeman is at the crossing.(在十字路口)The bank is in the top left-hand corner of the residential zone.(在的左上角)The playground is roughly in the middle of the residential zone.(大概在的中间)The supermarket is directly opposite to the bus stop.(在 的正对面)The barbers is in close proximity to the hospital.(在附近)H
3、ouses are at the bottom of the residential zone.(在底部)The supermarket is halfway between the bank and the barbers.(在半途中)The motorcyclist is outside the residential zone.(在外面)The port is along the roadside.(在路边)紧邻/对面/朝向A is next to/is close to/is adjacent to/A is in the proximity to BA is opposite BA
4、faces east/A faces towards the east沿着河流/道路along with river/road alongside the river/road道路通向/河流流向 The road/river runs fromto动态变化become/turn/get + bigger/larger/smaller/shorter/longernewly built/established/exist/disappear/no longer thereextend/enlarge/develop/add (to)/rise/grow/increasereduce/declin
5、e/decrease/drop/fall/halvereplace (by)/remove/convert (into)/give way toimprove/degradeconnect/change/turn over/straighten/construct/complete/open加变化：A 尺寸上变大了：The size of A has been enlarged byA 被建造在 B：A is constructed / established in BA 被增建在 B：A is added to BA 向方向延长A extends (eastward/westward/sou
6、thward)减变化：A 尺寸上变小了：The size of A has been reduced byA 消失了：A disappeared / is removed。A 被推倒了：A is pulled down/knocked down/torn downA 被搬走 A is removed/demolished from恒定表达：A has remained unchanged转化表达：A 被改造成了 B：A is transformed / reconstructed into BA 被 B 替代了：A is replaced / substituted by BA 的面积缩小了/
7、A 的面积扩大了The size of A is reduced to (only half of/one third of the original size)A is expanded (to twice its size)=The size of A almost doubled。剑 9 Test1The two maps illustrate two islands which are before and after the construction of some tourist facilities for the tourism. We can see from the fir
8、st picture that the whole island is quite deserted, including only a beach in the west and some coconut trees. The total length of the lonely island is just under 300meters. As is shown in the second picture, the whole island has been changed dramatically. In the west, there is still a beach, around
9、 which there is a swimming pool. Along the footpath down to the west part the island, we can see the six accommodation buildings. Near the new building, there is a reception surrounded by the vehicle tracks connecting a restaurant and a Pier which the tourists have a chance to go sailing in the sout
10、h of the island. Whats more, on the right side of the reception, there are nine buildings distributed into a circle around the footpath. In summary, compared with the first picture, the second picture has changed significantly, making the deserted island more entertaining and vivid. WRITING TASK 1Yo
11、u should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The diagram below shows the development of the village of Kelsby between 1780 and 2000.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.首先注意两个点：1. 时态：本文的时间是明确的，是三个过去的时间，因此
12、全文应当使用一般过去时。有些地图会有将来的规划，那么则应使用相应的一般将来时。2. 顺序：该图属于动态的地图题，这种类型的地图题一律按照时间顺序来写。在这道题中，也就是按照图的顺序依次来写，不要把元素拆开。如果是静态的地图题(即不涉及时间变化的题型)，则按照空间顺序来写。第一段：引言段。引言段就是把题目进行改写。原文中的 diagram，可以替换成 three maps/ illustrations. 原文中的 shows，可以改为 illustrate/ demonstrate/ indicate 等词。宾语 development，可以替换成 changes，也可以改为宾语从句 how t
13、he village of Kelsby developed/ changed. 题目中给出的时间比较模糊，可以具体化为 in 1780, 1860 and 2000.【例文】The three maps illustrate how the village of Kelsby changed in 1780, 1860 and 2000.第二段：介绍 1780 年的情况。1780 年的情况只涉及到静态的数据，因此只需要用存在句即可表达，不涉及任何变化的单词。但是，考生非常容易把这些元素全部用 there be 这个句型来表达，从而导致句式单一。表示存在的句型除了 there be 之外，还有
14、非常简单的 have 句型，还有 lie/ be located/ be situated 这样的结构。另外还有一种倒装句型，比如“ 桌子上面有一本书 ”，可以翻译为 on the desk is a book.除此之外，要注意几个元素的顺序问题。这里有四大元素：住宅区homes，树林 woods，农场 farms，还有一条河流 river。理论上只要按照一定的空间顺序( 比如顺时针、逆时针，从左到右)都是可以的，但是要考虑家庭数量的变化是导致其它所有变化的根本原因，因此建议先写。还有就是土地单位的表达，land 是不可数名词，因此不能说 a land，只能说 a piece of land。
15、为了表达更加精确，可以用 a plot of land(一小块) ，a stretch of(一长片)， a large expanse of (一大片)。另外还有注意方位词的表达。地图题中常用的方位词有：in the east/ west/ south/ north of . ; in the eastern/ western/ southern northern part of .; 如果是在角落，可以用 in the southwestern corner of . ; 在河流的上/下游：at the lower/ upper reaches of the river; 在河岸：alon
16、gside the riverbank, 在河流的南端：at the southern end of the river.【例文】In 1780, Kelsby had only 100 homes. There was a large expanse of woods in the eastern part of the village and four plots of farmland in the centre. In the west was a river flowing from north to south.第三段：介绍 1860 年的变化。这一年的变化并没有时间先后，因此还是
17、按照空间顺序来进行。图上多了一个元素，即道路和桥梁的修建。需要特别注意的是，因为考虑到和上文的呼应，这两个元素一定要放在后面讲，而家庭数量的增加和农场、树林面积的减少应当先讲。这个原则我们简称叫“先拆后建” 原则、第二点是时间的表达问题。上文中刚刚出现过 in 1780，这里还是用 in 1860的话，句式上就会出现重复。因此可以按照动态图里面学过的表达方法，把年份用作主语，用 saw/ witnessed 这两个词把数据引出来。第三点是“ 建” 这个词的英文表达。常见的词有 build, construct(一般建筑物)，erect(高大的建筑物)，establish/ set up(无建筑
18、的物体或抽象的机构)，pave(道路的修建)。另外，如果涉及到拆除，则需要记住 demolish, pull down, knock down 这些单词。需要重点指出的是，这些表示“建” 和“拆”的词都应当使用被动语态，这一点和普通流程图是一致的。【例文】The year 1860 saw a doubling of the number of homes, but the size of farmland and woods was halved. In the same year, a bridge was constructed over the river and a road was
19、 paved linking the river to the residences.第四段：介绍 2000 年的变化。首先还是时间的表达，这里可以再换一种结构，比如 140 years later/ After 140 years。首先还是 “先拆后建”，先说树林农场彻底消失，然后在交代新的元素：学校和操场。要记住的是，道路是不需要交代方位的，只需要把起点和终点表达出来即可，用 link A to B 或者 connect A with B 这类词组连接。因此，道路的描写应放到学校、操场的后面。【例文】140 years later, the number of homes more tha
20、n doubled to 500, but farms and woods completely disappeared. In their places, several school buildings and sports facilities were constructed at the south-eastern corner of the village, which were connected with the residential areas in the north via a newly-build road. Some shops opened up along t
21、he river bank and a large stretch of wetland for birds was established at the southern end of the river.The maps given are three diagrams concerning the transformation of the village of Kelsbey over the period from 1780 to 2000.It is manifest that the natural scenery of Kelsbey such as farm, woods d
22、isappeared at a staggering rate. To be more precise, the vast expanse of farm and woods in 1780 reduced dramatically to 1860, followed with a disappearance in 2000. However, an environment friendly place, namely wetland for birds came up in 2000, at the end of villager river.In contrast, man-made co
23、nstructions witnessed a prosperous development during the more than 2 centuries. Specifically, a bridge, a road and 200 homes were built until 1860, on the base of only 100 homes in 1780, which transformed into 2 roads, 500 houses, newly-built sports fields and schools, along with several shops at t
24、he river bank in the year 2000.Overall, Kelsbey experienced a diminish of nature areas as well as a prosperity of man-made building and facilities over the more than two centuries period.The map below shows the development of the village of Soton between 1995 and present.文章结构第一段交待写作目的第二段描述 1995 年的地图
25、第三段拿现在的地图和 95 年的做对比第四段总结全文开头同数据型图标文章一样，对题目做简单的改写：The maps reveal the alterations of the village of Soton over the period from 1995 to present.主体段首先，我们需要对第一幅图片进行细节的描述。从总体上说，村庄被分成了两部分。按照从南到北的角度，去描述村庄里面具体存在的建筑物。In the first picture8 , the village was divided into9 three parts by two major roads. In the
26、 southern part, there was10 a fishing port on the sea, and a fish market, which was near the port, was just located at the south side 11 of the major road. Opposite to12 the market, there was a block of shops sitting on the other side of the road. East of the shops, a hotel and a cafe were built at
27、the joint 13 of the two major roads. The northwest part14 was basically a residential area, and some of the houses were surrounded by15 a rectangular road. In addition, a farmland of great acreage occupied the northeast corner16, while a forest park of similar size was established17 on the south of
28、the farmland.第三段，我们要做的是把“对比” 做到极致：两幅图的不同，村庄所发生的变化。每句话做到言之有物，言之有理。考生需要清晰的有条理的指出：消失的建筑物，被替代的建筑物，新建的建筑物等。In the second picture, the village has changed a lot.18The fishing port has gone and the fish market is replaced by19 a block of apartments. Several restaurants also take up the place of 20 the shop
29、s on the road side. Moreover, a car park is newly built21 no the east of the hotel. In addition, the housing area becomes larger and a branch road is built from the rectangular road to the west. Finally, a sports field for tennis and golf occupied22 the place of previous farmland the forest park.结尾段
30、，考生仅需重申村庄有变化的事实即可。To conclude, these years have witnessed rapid development in the village of Soton.如剑 5 TEST 3 TASK 1 The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket. 为一个城镇的超市选址，有两个位置 S1 和 S2 供选择。 选址题并不难写，主要注意两点： 1. 位置描述 2. 优缺点 这篇文章我们 BODY 段可分两段，分别陈述： S1 的位置及位置相应的优缺点 S2 的位置及位置相应的优缺点Introductio
31、n： The map illustrates two feasible locations for a new supermarket of the city G. Body：S1 lies in the north-west of countryside which is 12km to H. Though s1 is far from B, C and housing, people can still get there by railway and by three main roads. We can establish the parking area and other infr
32、astructure because it has an adequate space. On the contrary, S2 is located in the south of town center where is rounded by the housing. The other three citizens can arrive there simply by the transportation. So it has a large number of clients. However, there is a serious/deadly problem with no traffic zone. That means there is any transportation in the town center. It is not convenient for people to carry heavy goods. Conclusion： Over all, both S1 and S2 are not perfect choice, but S1 offers more advantages than S2 to the population of G.
