1、Traffic jam,Whats the writing style of this passage?,A. Narration(记叙文)B. Argumentation(议论文)C. Exposition(说明文),To convince the readers that the ideas are true and worth considering.,To inform or explain an opinion by providing materials.,While exposition does not always contain argumentation, argumen
2、tation always contains exposition.,Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4,Traffic jam has become a major problem,Why is traffic jam a problem?,At first,In addition,Apart from,Traffic jam is the result of the increasing private cars.,Traffic jam can be dealt with by correct means.,maybe a means,in the meantime,fir
3、st reason,Anyway,Step one: Find out key information,Moreover,Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4,Traffic jam has become a major problem,structure of the passage,Why is traffic jam a problem?,At first,In addition,Apart from,Traffic jam is the result of the increasing private cars.,Traffic jam can be dealt with
4、by correct means.,maybe a means,The problem: traffic jam,The effects of traffic jam,The reasons of traffic jam(increasing cars),The solutions of traffic jam,first reason,Anyway,Moreover,in the meantime,Structure of “Problem-Solution” Passage,problem,reasons,solutions,Paragraph 1: problem,At present,
5、 traffic jam has become a major problem which most city dwellers, especially those who live in metropolis have to face in their everyday lives.,At present, traffic jam has become a major problem which most city dwellers have to face.,at present: _a major problem: _city dwellers: _face: _,nowadays, c
6、urrently, in the contemporary society,a main/key problem,citizens, residents,be faced with, confront,Nowadays traffic jam becomes a main problem which citizens have to confront.,Step Two: Rewrite,concise, coherent, correct, complete,At present, traffic jam has become a major problem which most city
7、dwellers have to face.,Nowadays traffic jam becomes a main problem which citizens have to confront.,At present city dwellers have to face a major problem, _.,the traffic jam,Traffic jam now becomes a(an)_ problem for citizens.,unavoidable,concise, coherent, correct, complete,At first, owing to the f
8、act that the vehicles keep giving off harmful gases during traffic jams, the earth is becoming warmer and warmer.,In addition, traffic jams will affect the effectiveness of work, because people have to spend much more time on way to office than necessary, and their work will be delayed.,Apart from t
9、his, traffic jam might give rise to more traffic accidents and therefore becomes a great danger to peoples lives.,Paragraph 2: effects,concise, coherent, correct, complete,Nowadays traffic jams becomes a major problem _ the vehicles release harmful gases and may cause accidents.,because,Because it h
10、as caused many problems. _, traffic jam leads vehicles to release more harmful gases, _(make) the earth warmer. _, it also reduces the effectiveness of work.,On one hand,making,On the other hand,Because it has caused many problems _ leading vehicles to release more harmful gases, reducing the work e
11、fficiency and _ threatening peoples lives.,such as,even,Paragraph 3: reasons,Traffic jam is the result of the increasing private cars. Why? Personally I think, the first reason may be the remoteness of peoples workplace. Moreover, owning a private car, is a symbol of wealth and high social position
12、is also the symbol of independence and maturity. Anyway, owning and driving cars are regarded by many people as basic human rights.,The increasing private cars result in traffic jam.,Traffic jam is the result of the increasing private cars. Why? Personally I think, the first reason may be the remote
13、ness of peoples workplace. Moreover, owning a private car, is a symbol of wealth and high social position is also the symbol of independence and maturity. Anyway, owning and driving cars are regarded by many people as basic human rights.,concise, coherent, correct, complete,Paragraph 4: solutions,un
14、doubtedly: _deal with: _correct: _means: _,without/beyond doubt, there is no doubt that,solve, handle, settle,effective, practical, proper, appropriate,way, method, approach,Undoubtedly, traffic jam must be, and can be dealt with properly by correct means.,concise, coherent, correct, complete,Paragr
15、aph 4: solutions,Undoubtedly, traffic jam must be, and can be dealt with properly by correct means. In my view, spending more money on public transportation systems may be an effective means. Needless to say, policies which encourage people to put these systems to full use, for example, giving certa
16、in subsidies, are necessary. In the meantime, measures to restrict the use of private cars, such as improving the taxes on cars or petrol, should be taken.,It can be properly settled _ _.,It can be properly settled. spend more money on public transportation restrict the use of private cars,by invest
17、ing more on public transportation and limiting the use of private cars,by doing,In order to,In order to settle the problem, government should invest more on public transportation and limit the use of private cars.,from to,Measures should be taken to solve the problem from to,Measures should be taken
18、 to solve the problem from investing more on public transportation to limiting the use of private cars. (such as ),concise, coherent, correct, complete,内容:思维: 语言:书写:,理解正确,要点齐全,逻辑清晰,上下文连贯,准确,地道,丰富,好概要的标准,卷面整洁,字迹优美,concise, coherent, correct, complete,Nowadays traffic jam Because release affect become
19、 a danger. Actually result in the traffic jam. There is no doubt that its vital to take measures,Step Three: Combine the key information logically,concise, coherent, correct, complete,leads to,Nowadays citizens have to _ (face) the traffic jam. It _(cause) emission of waste gases affects the efficie
20、ncy of work and _(even/still) threatens peoples lives. Actually, _ _the private cars _ result in the traffic jams. _ (Undoubtedly) government should invest more on public transportation system and _(restrict) the use of private cars. (54 words), which,even,it is,Beyond doubt,limit,that,confront,conc
21、ise, coherent, correct, complete,Nowadays citizens have to confront the traffic jam, which leads to emission of waste gases, affects the efficiency of work and threatens peoples lives. Actually, it is the private cars that result in the traffic jams. Beyond doubt, government should invest more on pu
22、blic transportation system and limit the use of private cars. (54 words),Step Four: Polish,concise, coherent, correct, complete,Traffic jam, a major current unavoidable problem for citizens, is caused by increasing vehicles, especially private cars. Too many vehicles cause traffic jams, even air pol
23、lution and other many problems like road accidents. To give a fundamental solution, it is vital to reduce the booming number of private cars, which people own them for various reasons depending on the concepts in different parts of the present world. Besides, relevant laws should be made and concret
24、e measures be taken to limit the number of private cars. (84 words),Traffic jam, a major current unavoidable problem for citizens, is caused by increasing vehicles, especially private cars. Too many vehicles cause traffic jams, even air pollution and other many problems like road accidents. To give
25、a fundamental solution, it is vital to reduce the booming number of private cars. Besides, relevant laws should be made and concrete measures be taken to limit the number of private cars.(67words),Homework,Write a summary of this passage. Pay attention to four principles: be concise, coherent, correct and complete,