1、 中考语法专项-名词 一名 词的 分类 按照意 义分 为专 有名 词和 普通名 词 1.专有 名词 定义： 表示 具体 的人,事物, 地点或 机构 的专 有名 称。 1. 表示国 名、 地名 、山 河名 的专有 名词 如：China 中国 Asia 亚洲 Beijing 北京 Pacific Ocean 太 平洋 Mt. Qomolangma 珠穆朗 玛峰 2. 表示团体 、 机构 和报 刊 的 专有名 词 例：China Daily 中国日报 3. 表 示星 期和 月份 的专 有名词 ： 注意：1. 专有 名词 如果 是 含有普 通名 词的 短语 ，则 必须使 用 定冠词 the 。 如：t
2、he Great Wall （长城 ） the Peoples Republic of China 中华 人民 共和 国 2. 姓氏 名如 果采 用 复数形 式， 则表 示该 姓氏 一家人 （复 数含 义） 如：the Greens( 格林 一家 人）。 2. 普 通名 词 可数名 词 ： 有单,复 数之 分, 表示一 个或 多个 。 例如 ： a book 一本书 two books 两本 书 不可数 名词 ：不 分单,复数。 中 学常 见的 不 可数名 词：food, meat, fish, chicken, pork, beef, mutton, drink, orange, milk,
3、 tea, water, rice, bread, homework, news, paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, cloud, air, weather, music, information, fun, work, advice, sand,sugar, furniture 有 少数 名词 既 可作可 数名 词, 也可 作不 可 数名词,但 含义 不同 。 英语 可数 不可数 英语 可数 不可数 glass experience paper room orange beauty exercise success 数词+量词+ of+ 名词 如： 随堂练 习 1.
4、 I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges 2. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples 3. Would you like something to drink? _, please. A. Three coffees B. C
5、offees C. A coffee D. Three cups of coffees 4. What_ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a 5. -Would you like_tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two_. A. any, bottles of orange B. any, bottle of orange C. some, bottles of oranges D. some, bottles of orange 6. He is hungry. Give him _ to eat. A. t
6、wo breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads 7. I would like to have_. A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks 8. Can you give me _? A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea 9. Please give me _ pape
7、r. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of 10. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass 11. -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -Id like_. ! A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken 12. Children should make_ for old people in a bus. A. room B. a room
8、C. rooms D. the room 10. John bought_for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes 二名 词的 数 英语可 数名 词有 单数 和复 数两种 形式, 单数 表示 一个 人或 事 物 如: a pen, a bed, a room, an English book 。 复数 表示 一个 以上 的 人或事 物用 复数 形式 。 （一 ） 名 词复 数形 式规则 变化 如下 ： 情况 构成方 法 例词 一
9、般情 况 在词尾 加-s desk map day 以 结尾 的词 在词尾 加-es bus box dish watch 以辅音 字母 加 y 结尾的词 city factory party baby company 以元音 字 母 y 结尾的词 day boy key 以 f 或 fe 结尾 的词 变 f 或 fe 为 knife life wife half thief shelf leaf wife wolf 1) stomach 的复 数为 2) 极 少数 名词 以-f 结尾, 变成 复数 则只 加 -s, 如：roof proof belief 3) 名 词以 -0 结尾的: 1.
10、 加 es, 如： 2. 其余 加 s, 如： （二） 名词 复数 形式 不规 则变化 1 ） 改-a 为-e: man woman policeman spaceman 2) 改-oo 为-ee: foot tooth goose 3) 国人 的变 化： 4）单 复数 同形: Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish a. 英 语中有 些名 词总 是以复 数形 式出 现。 scissors trousers clothes glasses shoes sucks gloves b. 有 些名 词以-s 结尾 ，但 表达的 为单 数含 义， 如：news, maths,
11、 politics, physics, the United States c. 一 些名 词以复 数形 式出 现时， 意义 产生 变化 ： 练习时 间 1. Maths _ not easy to learn. A. are B. is C. am D. were 2. Please remember to give the horse some tree _.(2010 成都) A leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave 3. We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. pot
12、atos C. potatoes D. potatoe 4. _are_for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using 5. What big_ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes 6. On the table there are five_. A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato 7. -How many _ have you got on
13、 your farm? -Ive got five. A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken 8. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies 9. In the picture there are many_ and two. A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs 三名 词的 所有 格 名词的 所有 格: 名 词中 表 示所有 关系
14、的形 式叫 做名 词所有 格。 一、有 生命 的名 词的 所有 格 1) 在名 词后 加 s Lu Xuns book my fathers room. 2）以-s 结尾 的复 数名 词的 所有格 只在 名词 后加 “ “ 。 students exercise books the teachers office 3) 不以-s 结尾 的复 数名 词 ，直接 加 s , 如： the Childrens Palace 4) 用 and 连 接的 两个 名词 ：a. b. 5) 表示 某人 家、 店铺 、等 生活、 工作 场所 的所 以格 后的名 词常 省略 ： at Mr. Wangs at
15、the doctors at the tailors at the barbers 6) 在表 示 时 间、 距离 、重 量等无 生命 的名 词后 面， 加 s 表 示所 有格 ： todays newspaper 15 minutes walk a pounds weight 7) 节日 的表 达法 ： 二、无 生命 的名 词的 所有 格， 用 of + 名 词表 示: the door of our classroom the colour of our desks 三、双 重所 有格 ，of + 名 词性物 主代 词/ 名 词所 有 格，如 ： a friend of hers a fr
16、iend of Mikes a friend my fathers some inventions of Edisons 练习时 间： 1. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk 2. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teach
17、ers C. the Teachers D. Teachers 3. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half 4. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Ma
18、rys and Peters 5. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 6. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters 7. September 10th is_in China. A. Teachers Day B. TeachersDay C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day 8.
19、Excuse me, where is the_? A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms 9. The football under the bed is_. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys 10. Joan is_. A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D . Marys and Jacks sister
20、 11. In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years C. years D. years 12. Its about _ walk from my house. A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes 13. The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_. A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C.
21、 thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk 14. Half_ telephone calls are made in English. A. the world B. world C. the worlds D. worlds 15. _ face to the south. A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows D. The windows in room 16. Miss Smith is a friend of_. A. Marys mot
22、hers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers 17. This is a book of _. A. Tom B. Toms C. her D. him 18. The post card is sent by _. A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my fathers C. my father friend D. my father friends II. 完形填空 。 James father drove James and his cousins to a mountain
23、for summer camp. After they arrived at the mountain, the kids set up their tents ( 帐篷) 1 the help of James father. On the first day, they saw a small tiger near their tents. It 2 walk, because it had hurt its leg. As 3 lovers, the kids decided to help the small tiger and keep it with them. Two days
24、later, the small tiger got better. It became friendly with the kids, 4 with James. On the morning of the fifth day, they heard the roaring of a(n) 5 . They got up quickly. Then they saw a big tiger nearby. Everyone stayed in their tents and 6 the big tiger. The big tiger started to attack James firs
25、t. James felt so 7 . At that moment, the small tiger came out of James tent. When the big tiger saw the small tiger, it 8 attacking James. Seeing the love between the big tiger and the small tiger, the kids thought they might be father and son. The small tiger 9 something to the big tiger in their o
26、wn language. Then the big tiger came and licked ( 舔) James face. It seemed that it was saying 10 to James for taking care of its kid. It was really an unforgettable moment for James. ( )1. A. for B. under C. from D. with ( )2. A. was used to B. was unable to C. was willing to D. was supposed to ( )3
27、. A. mountain B. animal C. camp D. sports ( )4. A. possibly B. especially C. normally D. specifically ( )5. A. lion B. bear C. tiger D. elephant ( )6. A. invited B. chased C. followed D. watched ( )7. A. excited B. relaxed C. scared D. tired ( )8. A. kept B. considered C. stopped D. enjoyed ( )9. A.
28、 told B. taught C. solved D. passed ( )10. A. thanks B. sorry C. hello D. goodbye 阅读理 解 易读度 I looked at the words on the page. I knew how to read them, but my mouth wouldnt work. I was sitting in my third grade classroom. My family had recently moved, so no one at my new school knew me well. My teac
29、her had just asked me to read some text out loud. The whole class was waiting for me to begin. I just sat there. Some students started to laugh. Whats wrong with her? one boy said. Maybe she cant read! said another student. I often faced situations like this during my elementary school and middle sc
30、hool years. Why? I had a stutter ( 口吃). When I felt relaxed, I had no trouble speaking. But if I felt nervous, no sound would come out of my mouth. Because of this problem, I often felt embarrassed at school. I just didnt feel normal. Thankfully, my elementary school and middle school both offered f
31、ree speech treatment ( 治疗). It helped me a lot. I learned useful ways that helped me to relax when I was speaking. My mother offered the most encouragement, especially during the difficult times. In my bedroom, she posted pictures of famous people who stuttered like British politician ( 政治 家) Winsto
32、n Churchill and American reporter John Stossel. Above their pictures she wrote hopeful words like You can do it, too! Her love and encouragement helped me to stay positive. ( )46. The writer didnt read in class because _. A. she didnt know how to read B. she didnt like her teacher C. she had trouble
33、 speaking D. she was seriously sick ( )47. The writer often felt _ at school because of her problem. A. angry B. embarrassed C. lonely D. upset ( )48. What do Winston Churchill and John Stossel have in common? A. They are both British. B. They both had a stutter. C. They both worked hard at school.
34、D. They were both well-known politicians. ( )49. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. What the speech treatment was like. B. What the writer did to solve her problem. C. How the writers mother encouraged her. D. How Winston Churchill and John Stossel got help. ( )50. Which of the following is
35、 TRUE according to the passage? A. When the writer felt nervous, she would talk a lot. B. The writer received free speech treatment in a big hospital. C. The writer moved to a new school when she was in Grade Four. D. There were pictures of famous people in the writers bedroom. 四名 词的 用法- 作定语 作定语 ： a
36、 girl student a shoe factory an apple tree a woman teacher a man doctor a sports club sports shoes 两天的 假期 ： 十分钟 的路 程： 练习时 间 ( ) 1 There are sixty-seven_ in our school. A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher ( ) 2 There are five_in our factory. A. woman driver B , wome
37、n driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers ( ) 3 These _ were sent to the villages to help the farmers. A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor ( ) 4. They write most of their_ in English. A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters ( ) 5. We
38、came to a _ at last .and went in. A. watch shop B. watches shop C. watching shop D. watchs shop ( ) 6. This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. Its a_. A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop ( ) 7. She broke a_while she was washing up. A. glass of wine B. glass for w
39、ine C. glass wine D. wine glass ( ) 8. Ive forgotten both of the_. A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number 五名 词的 修饰 语 1.只修 饰可 数名 词 Few a few several many many a a number of a couple of quite a few 例： I have few friends. We have been friends for a number of years. Hes had quite a few jobs 2.只修 饰不 可数 名词 Little 很少， 几乎 没有 a little 一些 a bit of 有 一点 much 很多 a great deal of 很多 a large amount of 大量的 例：I pay little attention to what he said. She earned a great deal of money I learne
