1、1第二讲代词、介词(一)代 词人称代词、物主代词及反身代词全析考法 .单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give_ a try.解析：it/running 根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该尝试着跑跑步” ，故填代词it，指代上文的 running，此处也可直接填名词 running。2(2018全国卷)When the gorillas and I
2、 frightened each other, I was just glad to find_ (they) alive.解析：them 人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。空格前面是动词 find，空格处应用宾格，故填 them，指代上文的 gorillas。3(20186 月浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.解析：it 此处应用 it 作形式主语，动词不定式短语 to e
3、at out 为真正的主语。4(20176 月浙江高考)“She thought I had hurt _ (I)， ”says Pahlsson.解析：myself 句意：Pahlsson 说：“她以为我伤到了自己” 。根据前面的主语 I 可知，此处要用反身代词作宾语。5(2016全国卷)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother.解析：its 句意：在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了。
4、此处应该使用形容词性物主代词 its 作定语，修饰名词 mother。6(2015广东高考)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned a farm .Now it occurred to _ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.解析：him “it occurred to sb.that 从句”表示“某人突然想到” ，此处指Mr.Johnson 突然想到发生在他身上的事情，所以填
5、him。27(2014全国卷)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted， “Oh dear! Its _ (I) ”解析：me/mine 根据上文语境可知，此处的 It 如果指前面的 suitcase 的话，那么此空需要使用名词性物主代词 mine，表示“那个箱子是我的” ；如果指前面的 anyone 的话，那么此空需要用 I 的宾格形式 me，表示“是我在上一站丢失了手提箱” 。8(2014辽宁高考)Raise yo
6、ur leg and let _ stay in the air for seconds.解析：it 句意：抬起你的腿让它在空中停几秒钟。此处填 it 指代前面出现的“your leg”。9(2014广东高考)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.解析：it 从空格后的“a wonderful holiday destination”可知，这个地
7、方就是Miami，故填 it 指代前面提到的地点。.单句改错1(2018全国卷)I had done myself homework, but I was shy._解析：myselfmy 此处表示我已经完成了我的家庭作业。my 是形容词性物主代词，作 homework 的定语，myself 不作定语。2(2017全国卷)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school .This picture often brings back to me many happy memor
8、ies of your high school days._解析：yourmy 此处意为“这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的许多快乐的记忆” ，故应该使用代词 my。3(2016全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books._解析：yourour 根据前面的主语 we 可知，此处要用 our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野” 。4(2016全国卷)At first, I thought I knew everything and could mak
9、e decisions by yourself._解析：yourselfmyself 根据前面的 I 可知，此处指“我自己做决定” ，故应用myself。35(2016四川高考)When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand._解析：herhis 由前面的“When he came back”可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。6(2015全国卷)We must find ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so, well live to regret it
10、._解析：yourour/the 依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知，前面的主语是 we，句中的 your 与上下文相悖，应当改为 our/the 才能使句意通顺。7(2015全国卷)Five minutes later, Tony saw parents._解析：saw 后加 his 根据语境及英语表达习惯，应当在 parents 前加上与主语 Tony相一致的物主代词 his。8(2015四川高考)As I told you last time, I made three new friends here .but Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.Wha
11、t do you think I should do? If you were me, would you talk to him？_解析：himthem 根据上文可知，此处指作者交的三个新朋友，故用 them。9(2015浙江高考)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them._解析：themit a beautiful park 为单数，故应用 it 指代前面的单数可数名词park。谨记规则(一)人称代词、物主代词与反身代词1基本用法类别 主格 宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词
12、功能 作主语作宾语、同位语等作定语作主语、表语或宾语作宾语、表语或同位语I(我) me my mine myself第一人称we(我们) us our ours ourselvesyou(你) you your yours yourself第二人称you(你们) you your yours yourselves4he(他) him his his himselfshe(她) her her hers herselfit(它) it its its itself第三人称they(他们) them their theirs themselves2反身代词的习惯用法与介词搭配by oneself
13、独自地 for oneself 亲自of oneself 自动地 in oneself 本质上；本身与动词搭配come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉dress oneself 打扮；自己穿衣devote oneself to 致力于；献身于behave oneself 举止规矩有礼；检点apply oneself to 专心致志于help oneself to 随便吃/用enjoy oneself 玩得开心seat oneself 就座；入席make yourself at home 别客气adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于teach oneself 自学speak
14、 to oneself 自言自语think for oneself 独立思考(二)it 的用法1it 的基本用法用法 例句指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等It is early spring, but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词Although he didnt like it, I decided to see the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁) What will you call it
15、if it is a boy?要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？52.it 作形式主语或形式宾语常用句型it 作形式主语It is a pity/shame that . 真可惜It is no wonder that . 难怪It seems/appears that . 似乎/看来It looks/seems as if/as though . 看起来好像It happens that . 碰巧It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb.that .某人突然想起It is said/reported that . 据说/据报道It is certain t
16、hat . 是一定的It is no use/good doing . 做没有用/好处It takes sb.some time to do . 做花费某人若干时间it 作形式宾语主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep .it adj./n.for/of sb. to do/that 从句主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep .ituseless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy . doing
17、 .3it 的常用短语或句型make it 获得成功；赶上See to it that . 确保count on/rely on/depend on it that . 相信as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样When it comes to . 当涉及/谈到I cant help it (.) ()我没办法/情不自禁I take it that . 我理解的是Its (high) time that sb. did/should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了Its the first/second/.time that sb.have/has done sth.这是
18、某人第一次/二次/次做某事了It is/has been .since . 自从已过了时间了It will be/was .before . 要过时间才/在之前已过了时间6不定代词 全析考法单句改错1(2018全国卷)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals._解析：anotherother another“又一，再一”修饰可数名词单数，可数名词复数前用 other，意为“其他的” 。2(2015陕西高考)My soccer coach
19、 retired last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party._解析：anythingsomething something 一般用在肯定句中，表示“一些事” ；anything 一般用在疑问句和否定句中。此处是表示某件事而不是任何事情。3(2015四川高考)Weve been spending a lot of time singing in karaoke bars.Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many._解析：
20、manymuch 此处指的是花费很多钱，代指不可数名词，故用 much。many 用来指代可数名词复数。谨记规则1both, all, either, neither 与 none 的区别代词 用 法both(1)表示“两者(都)” 。(2)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(3)与 not 连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都” 。(表示全部否定需用 neither)all(1)指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部” 。(2)作主语，指人时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；指事物的整体或抽象概念时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。(3)与 not 连用表示部分否定。(表示完全否定需用 none)either(1)表示
21、“(两者中的)任何一个” 。(表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的“任何一个”需用 any)(2)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。neither (1)表示“(两者)都不” 。7(2)单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。(3)后接 of 短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。none(1)表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿” 。(2)后接 of 短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。(3)既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词。2each 与 every 的区别代词 用 法each(1)强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个
22、” 。(2)可以与 of 短语连用；可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。every(1)强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个” 。(2)与 not 连用构成部分否定。(3)可用来表示“每隔” 。(4)不可与 of 短语连用。3.the other, another, others 与 the others 的区别代词 用 法the other 可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分” 。another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个” ，代替单数可数名词。另外
23、，another 后可接“基数词/few复数名词(名词表示的事物被看作一个整体)” ，表示“另外的(多少)” 。others/the othersothers 只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物” ，常与 some 连用。特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用 the others。4none, nothing 与 no one/nobody 的区别代词 用 法none(1)特指语境中提到的人或物，强调数量。(2)后可接 of 短语，可回答以 how many, how much 引导的特殊疑问句。8nothing(1)指物，表泛指。(2)不可接 of 短语，可回答 w
24、hat 引导的特殊疑问句。no one/nobody(1)常指人，仅用于指代可数名词单数。(2)不可接 of 短语，可回答以 who 引导的特殊疑问句。5复合不定代词的用法某 任何 每个；所有 没有人 someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodyno one/nobody物 something anything everything nothing知识拓展 复合不定代词构成的习惯搭配：nothing but 仅仅；只是anything but 决不something of 有几分；略微or something 诸如此类的人或物somethin
25、g else 别的东西；另外一件事for nothing 免费6表数量的不定代词的用法代词 用法 表示意义 含义few 修饰或代替可数名词 否定含义 几乎没有a few 修饰或代替可数名词 肯定含义 几个；一些little 修饰或代替不可数名词 否定含义 几乎没有a little修饰或代替不可数名词 肯定含义 少量；一点点many 修饰或代替可数名词 肯定含义 许多much 修饰或代替不可数名词 肯定含义 许多语法填空解题“2 定向”1通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式9(1)如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格； (2)如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格； (3)如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词；
26、(4)如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又反射到句子主语，则用反身代词。2通过句式结构和“指代” ，判断是否用 it(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用 it；(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用 it；(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用 it；(4)注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to .it从句。 据第 1 条解题1He lives a very regular life, studying every day and never allowing himself (he) to fall behind in his sc
27、hoolwork.2When told that it was a loss to humans, the farmers burst into laughter and responded， “Our real loss is our (we) decreasing income.”3While making a choice from various ways of spending our time, we ought to ensure something that restores our lost energy and cheers us (we) up.4But she lear
28、ned a lot as she worked, and her employer allowed her to use his (he) large library.5However, while it is fun to keep up with the latest news, we may actually be putting ourselves (we) in danger.6They had to chase the overprotective mother away first, so that they (them) could get close enough to re
29、scue the baby.7Yesterday evening, just before dusk, I spotted a pigeon badly tied up with a sharp kite string, hitting the wall and the tree branches to free himself (he) from the string. 据第 2 条解题8We believe that it is the Silk Road that will help to realize the peace and development of this area.9R
30、ealizing it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.10Given hope, I am convinced that a breakthrough can come at any age if we have faith in ourselves and keep learning and working for it.1011Unlike those taxis, my vehicle does not run
31、 on petrol or diesel (柴油) or even gas; it runs on my sweat.12It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them.短文改错解题“3 注意”1避免张冠李戴，注意前后一致性注意前后人称、性别、单复数是否一致。 2分析句子成分，掌握固定短语(1)根据所充当的句子成分正确使用人称代词、物主代词和反身代词；(2)注意一些含代词的固定短语。3搞清范围，确定不定代词(1)两者：二者选其一用 either; 二者
32、都不选用 neither; 二者都选用 both；(2)三者或三者以上：三者或三者以上的任何一个用 any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用 all; (3)其他：若表示“另外一个”用 another; 若在名词前用 other; 若不跟名词且指代复数，用 others；(4)肯定句用 something，否定句和疑问句用 anything。 据第 1 条解题1Once I got first prize in the English Writing Competition in your school.In addition, I worked as a report
33、er for our school newspaper last year, which I think will certainly help me do the job better.yourour2The moment he tried to hang the bottle on it, they fell and broke.theyit3First of all, as students we should manage our own behaviors and help people around you form good habits.youus4In spite of my
34、 own exhaustion, I rose from my seat and gave them away without hesitation to her and the baby.themit5After picking out one of my shirts and a coat, I washed and then hung it out.itthem6My brother and Ah Bao came to a river nearby and enjoyed himself.himselfthemselves 据第 2 条解题7It is me that should c
35、lean the classroom.meI118As a result, he is popular with our students. ourus9I rushed out and it was my mother, who is already in the fifties, that brought me lunch, in spite of the heavy rain.第一个 theher10It is a very precious present from mine Canadian teacher, which I treasure very much.minemy 据第
36、3 条解题11Now I am writing here in my flat to tell you anything about it.anythingsomething12Dad found a new job, and as Mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.”otheranother(二)介 词常用介词 全析考法.单句语法填空1(20186 月浙江高考)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go t
37、o your mums home _ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.解析：for 此处 for .与前面的 go to .搭配，表示目的。2(2017全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) _ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medi
38、cal community was trying to fight.解析：as 分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语表示“作为一种抵抗心脏病的方式” 。as 意为“作为” 。3(2017全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.解析：in 名词 degree 意为“学位” ，后面应该跟介词 in，表示“在方面” 。a degree in engineering or
39、architecture 意为“工程学或建筑学学位” 。124(2016全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands.解析：with with ones hands“用某人的手” 。介词 with 意为“用” 。5(2016四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years.解析：for 句意：熊猫妈妈对小熊猫的照顾
40、会持续两年多。 “for时间段”表示持续一段时间。6(2015全国卷)For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.解析：by 此处表示“驱车只有一小时的路程” 。 “by交通工具名词”为固定用法。7(2015广东高考)One day, the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away, s
41、he fell over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living _ the cow.解析：without 根据语境可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此约翰逊一家人就不得不在没有了奶牛的情况下谋生。故填 without。.单句改错1(2018全国卷)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed._解析：去掉 for 此处的 every two years 是
42、名词性短语，意为“每两年” ，在句中作状语，其前不用介词。2(2018全国卷)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes._解析：forwith play the games with sb.为习惯性用法，意为“和某人一起玩游戏” 。3(2017全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies._解析：去掉第二个 of realize 是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语从句“how fast time flies”。4(2015
43、全国卷)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted._解析：onwith with the development of 为固定短语，意为“随着的发展” 。5(2015全国卷)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window._解析：onin 根据语境可知，玩具是摆放在商店的橱窗里
44、面的，故用介词 in。136(2015陕西高考)My soccer coach retired in last week._解析：去掉 in last week“上个星期” ，前面无需加介词。7(2015四川高考)Please help with me and give me some advice._解析：去掉 with 动词 help 为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故去掉 with。谨记规则1against 的用法含义 例 句反对；违背；与相反 Are you for or against the plan?你是赞成还是反对该计划？触；碰；撞；紧靠；倚靠Tired, Jim was
45、fast asleep with his back against a big tree.吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树很快便睡着了。与竞争We will be competing against the best companies in Europe.我们将会和欧洲的顶级公司竞争。防备，抵御 They took measures against the fire.他们采取了防火措施。以为背景，衬托The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。2.at 的用法含义及用法 例 句用在表示地点、场合、方位等的名词前，
46、表示“在某处”Ill pick you up at the airport at 2 oclock this afternoon.今天下午两点我会到机场接你。用在表示时刻、钟点、期间、岁、时节等的名词前He left school at (the age of) 16.他 16 岁便离开了学校。表示“以，按(价格、速度、数量等)”Admission is at normal charges and you dont need to book.以正常价格收取门票费，无须预约。表示“因而；一听到/看到/想到就”We were frightened at the terrible sight.看到这
47、可怕的景象，我们被吓到了。表示“朝，向(某方向、目标)” He shot at the bird but missed it.14他向那只鸟射击，但是没射中。表示“在方面” Shes hopeless at managing people.她对人事管理一窍不通。3beyond 的用法含义 例 句(指程度)深于；(指范围)超出；(指可能性、理解力、能力等)为所不及The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.一氧化碳排放量超出标准的城市数量已经由40 个减少为 9 个了。(指空间)在的那一边，在更远处 The airport is 20 miles beyond the town.机场在离城镇二十英里外的地方。(时间)晚于，迟于 He came home beyond the usual time.他比平时回家晚。易错提醒如果表达“(范围、程度)在之内” ，则用 within。The gov
