1、1Unit 3 Inventors and inventions.阅读理解A(2018 辽宁五校联考)A research has shown that nearly 90 percent of traffic accidents are caused by human errors.So our aim is a fully autonomous (自动的) car that gets rid of the cause of most accidents:the driver.Researcher Hodgson points out, “For safety,the faster you
2、can remove humans,the better,even if there are unfortunately a few accidents from new causes.Its a question of balancing the number injured or killed by autonomous vehicles with the people whose lives are potentially saved.”Its an idea that Elon Musk, chief executive of electric car company Tesla Mo
3、tors,has long believed. His company is determined to be the first to deliver a fully autonomous vehicle to consumers. Last year, Musk announced that Teslas 2017 goal was “to do an example drive of full autonomy all the way from L.A. to New York. and have the car park itself.”However, even Tesla admi
4、ts that there are problems to overcomethe software needs further validation (批准生效) and the appropriate regulatory approval needs to be in place.Indeed, recent crashes of Tesla vehicles and Google cars confirm that the software isnt ready yet.The U.K. government appears committed to encouraging the d
5、evelopment of autonomous vehicles.Its supporting four city trials, publishing the Modern Transport Bill to reduce red tape around their introduction and adapting the legal system to take into account problems such as insurance liability when a humanisnt in control of a vehicle.The insurance industry
6、 is similarly eager to help increase autonomy in cars. As the Association of British Insurers (ABI) points out,“Nearly 90 percent of road accidents are caused by human errors.” This costs motor insurers a 2shocking 20 million per day in claims.1.What difficulty does the company Tesla Motors have?A.N
7、ew inventions may cause more injuries and deaths.B.The company lacks confidence to make new creations.C.The software should be made officially acceptable.D.The traffic regulation has proved unreasonable.2.What is the U.K. governments attitude to autonomous cars?A. Ambiguous. B. Positive. C. Cautious
8、. D. Disapproving.3.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A.Insurance companies would like to support autonomous cars.B.Human mistakes may be the key cause of traffic accidents.C.Traffic accidents waste insurance companies quite a lot.D.Motorists are surprised to hear about autonomous cars.4.W
9、hat is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To show his deep love for autonomous cars.B.To introduce a new development in technology.C.To amuse readers with funny examples.D.To provide a persuasive argument against autonomy.语篇解读:研究表明近 90%的交通事故主要是人为失误造成的。所以很多公司(如特斯拉)和政府开始制造或支持制造自动驾驶汽车,希望借此来减少交通事
10、故。答案及剖析:1.C 细节理解题。从第三段中的.Tesla admits that there are problems to overcomethe software needs further validation(批准生效) and the appropriate regulatory approval needs to be in place.可知,特斯拉公司的问题是 ,他们的软件需要批准,即需要得到官方的认可与接受。2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 The U.K.government appears committed to encouraging the developmen
11、t of autonomous vehicles.可知,英国政府鼓励自动驾驶汽车的发展。3.A 主旨大意题。从最后一段可知,保险业也在急切地帮助提升汽车驾驶的自动性,因为人为失误造成大量的交通事故,机动车投保人需要向保险公司大量索赔。34.B 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车的发展以及政府对这一技术的支持等,因此本文的写作目的是介绍一项新的技术。BThe Israeli farmers who pioneered the revolutionary technology known as drip irrigation werent trying to solve one of the
12、worlds most urgent problems.They were just trying to survive.They lived in the desert,and they didnt have enough water to grow their crops.In its simplest form,it was little more than a pipe with holes in it.But behind each hole was a hi-tech dripper that let out just the right amount of water.Snake
13、d along a row of crops so that the holes were positioned directly above the roots,the pipe could direct each precious drop of water directly to the plants,getting a bigger harvest while using a very small amount of water.Over time,the farmers improved upon the technology,perfecting the drippers that
14、 regulated the flow of water,and connecting the pipelines to computers that could determine exactly how much water each plant needed and when.If the global population kept growing,the rest of the world would increasingly resemble their little community in the desert.So they began selling their irrig
15、ation systems in other parts of the world,eventually expanding to more than 110 countries.Netafirm,the company says its lifting people out of poverty and conserving water at a time when the importance of doing so has never been clearer.The mass adoption of drip irrigation wont save the world by itse
16、lf.To avoid the coming catastrophe,nearly everybody will,in some way,have to do more with less,perhaps through accepting and using other new technologies.Otherwise,its going to get ugly.5.Why is drip irrigation called “the revolutionary technology”?A.It saves the world all by itself. B.It is control
17、led by computers.C.It makes irrigation more effective. D.It provides deserts with water.6.What does “one of the worlds most urgent problems” in Paragraph 1 refer to?4A.Lacking water. B.Lacking labor. C.Lacking food. D.Lacking energy.7.How does the drip irrigation help farmers with crops?A.By drillin
18、g holes on the pipes. B.By regulating water via drippers.C.By snaking pipes along the crops. D.By placing pipes just above roots.8.Which of the following will be the best slogan for Netafirm to sell the irrigation systems?A.Less water;More harvest. B.New technology;New world.C.More grain;Less starva
19、tion. D.Water saving;World surviving.语篇解读:本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍以色列自流滴水灌溉系统。这种系统通过电脑计算出每株植物需要的水量,然后再通过滴流器控制水,提高了水的利用率。答案及剖析:5.C 推理判断题。文章第四段讲述了自流滴水灌溉系统使用的重要意义。这一系统可推广到世界许多国家,使得灌溉更为有效,增加粮食产量。 故选 C 项。6.A 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面两个句子 They were just trying to survive.They lived in the desert,and they didnt have enough wate
20、r to grow their crops.可知画线部分指的是缺水问题。7.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中.the pipe could direct each precious drop of water directly to the plants.可知,这一灌溉系统是通过滴流器控制水,故 B 正确。8.A 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了这种自流滴水灌溉系统可以利用更少的水获得更大的收获。四个选项中只有 A 项符合这一滴水灌溉系统的特点。.语法填空(2018 山东枣庄二模)The ancient wisdom of Confucius is timeless. His thinking 1. (
21、influence) the Chinese for thousands of years.However, English teaching seems to be one place 2. his wisdom is forgotten. I came to China 6 years ago, and quickly saw the plight (困境) of so many students 3. (struggle) to learn English.They know a lot “about” English,4. they never master the language.
22、 They learned far more grammar than students in Western cultures and almost no oral training. They were made 5. (recite) sentences and passages from their books. Their teachers were 5spending 90% of the class talking to them “about” English in Chinese. All effective language teaching in the world is
23、 built 6. the basis of oral language. Students who excel in English are those that follow the wisdom of Confucius: they use language! They use it primarily by speaking and listening,7. (eventual) supplemented (补充) by reading and writing. Every language is taught by gaining speaking competence long b
24、efore grammar, reading and writing 8. (introduce). Chinese students work so hard.9. they learned English with correct spoken instructions and classroom practice,they would have the 10. (high) English scores in the world and they would conquer English. 语篇解读:孔子的思想几千年以来一直影响着中国人,但在英语学习方面,很多人却忘记了学习语言最重要的
25、一点,即运用语言,而这也是孔子的智慧。答案及剖析:1.has influenced 句意为:他的思想几千年以来一直影响着中国人。根据时间状语 for thousands of years 可知应用现在完成时,表示对现在的影响或结果。由主语 His thinking 可知用第三人称单数,故填 has influenced。2.where 句意为:然而,英语教学似乎是一个将他的智慧忘却的领域。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词 place,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填 where。3.struggling 句意为:我六年前来到中国,很快就看到很多学生艰难学习英语的困境。设空处应
26、用现在分词作定语修饰 students,表主动,故填 struggling。4.but 句意为:他们对英语很了解,但却掌握不了这门语言。设空处前后内容为转折关系,故填 but。5.to recite 句意为:他们被要求背诵书中的句子和段落。make 是使役动词,用于被动语态时其后的动词不定式要带 to,故填 to recite。6.on 句意为:世界上所有有效的语言教学都是建立在口语的基础之上的。on the basis of 为固定词组,意为“以为基础”,故填 on。7.eventually 句意为:他们先是通过听说来运用它,最后通过读写来补充。设空处应用副词修饰整句话,故填 eventua
27、lly。68.are introduced 句意为:每种语言的教授都是先获得口语能力,之后再介绍语法和读写的。设空处与主语 grammar,reading and writing 为被动关系,故填 are introduced。9.If 句意为:如果他们有正确的口语指导和课堂练习,他们将取得世界上最高的英语分数并攻克英语。根据句意以及句子动词的变化可知,此句为虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,主句谓语动词为“should/would/might/could +do”。此处表示条件,故填 If。10.highest 句意见上题解析。根据设空前的 the 以及句意可知应用形容
28、词的最高级,故填highest。.短文改错(2018 河南濮阳一模)Last month,I opened the window of our basement to let fresh air in. Several hours late, I shut it for safe.The next morning I saw a cat sitting outside and glaring me. I just ignored it. When I entered the basement again, the cat was still sitting there. Seeing me,
29、she hit the window wildly. I looked around and find two lovely small cat walking on the ground.All of a suddenly,I understood. I shut her kids in by the mistake! I opened the window immediately but backed off.The mother cat entered to join his children, and then went through the window, following by
30、 the little kids.答案:Last month,I opened the window of our basement to let fresh air in. Several hours , I shut it for .The next morning I saw a cat sitting outside and glaring me. I just ignored it. When I entered the basement again, the cat was still sitting there. Seeing me, she hit the window wil
31、dly. I looked around and two lovely small walking on the ground.All of a ,I understood. I shut her kids in by mistake! I theopened the window immediately backed off.The mother cat entered to join children, and then went through the window, by the little kids.剖析:放在时间段后常用副词 later,表示“之后”,常用于一般过去时;late
32、作副词时,放在时间段后,表示“迟到多久” 。根据语境可知,此处表示“几小时后” 。for 为介词,后面接名词作宾语。7glare 为不及物动词,后面接宾语时,应加介词,glare at 意为“盯着;瞪” 。and 为并列连词,连接两个并列成分,时态应一致,此处和 looked 并列。cat 为可数名词,前面由 two 修饰,应用复数形式。all of a sudden 为固定搭配,意为“突然” 。by mistake 为固定搭配,意为“错误地” 。打开窗户和退后为顺承关系,并非转折关系。此处指代 The mother cat,且前文中用 she 指代,此处用形容词性物主代词作定语。entered 和 went 是由 and 连接的并列谓语,动词 follow 与其之间无连接词,应用非谓语动词形式作状语。逻辑主语 The mother cat 与动词 follow 为被动关系,应用过去分词形式。
