1、1Unit4 Global warming.阅读理解ANaturehasitsownwayofbalancingitselfout,butwhenwehumansgetinvolved,wetendtothrowthingsoutofcontrol.Forestsandoceansarenaturalcarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,butsincewevebeenpumpingtoomuchintotheair,thosesinkscantkeepup.ScientistsattheMaxPlanckInstitutein
2、Germany,ledbybiologistTobiasErb,havefiguredoutawaytosuperchargeplantstomakethembetteratabsorbingCO2,whichcouldbeakeydefenseagainstclimatechange.Erbandhisteamfiguredoutawaytomakeplantsmoreefficientatabsorbingcarbon,sothattheyconsumedmorecarboninashorteramountoftime. “Ifyouthinkaboutplants,theyareeffi
3、cientCO2-fixingfilters,buttheyarenotfast,” Erbsaid. “Ithinkthereisachancetoimproveexistingbiologywithsynthetic(人造的)biology.”Erbsteamidentified17enzymes( 酶)fromninedifferentorganisms,re-engineeringthreeofthem,thathadanenlargedcarbonconsumption.Whenthoseenzymesworkedtogetherasateam,theyworkedbetteratn
4、otonlyplantsnaturalenzymes,butalsothemselvesindividually.Existingenzymesinplantsconsumeabout5to10molesofCO2persecond.TheteamofenzymesthatErbusedconsumed80molespersecond.Sofar,theseenzymeshaveonlybeentestedintesttubesinthelab,butthenextstepisrealworldtestingwheretheenzymeswouldbeintroducedintoplantst
5、oseeifthesameresultoccurs.Ifthosetestsshowthatplantsreallycanbesupercharged,wecouldhaveanewtoolinthefightagainstclimatechangewherenotonlydoweprotecttheamazingcarbon-absorbingforestswehave,butwealsoaddthesesuperplantsoranartificialleaftechnologyusingtheenzymesintoothermixedfields.1.Whycantforestsando
6、ceansbalancenature?A.Becauseoceansandforestsaregettingsmaller.B.BecausewehumanbeingsgiveofftoomuchCO2.C.Becausealargenumberofforestsarecutdown.D.Becausetherearetoomanycreaturesintheworld.2.WhichisthekeydefenseagainstclimatechangeaccordingtoErbandhisteam?A.Toincreasetheplantsabilityandefficiencytoabs
7、orbCO 2.B.TomakeoceansandforeststoabsorbmoreCO2quickly.C.ToreducethehumanactivitiesgivingofftoomuchCO2.D.Toincreasethenumberofplantsintheworld.3.Whatcanwegetfromthelastparagraph?A.Theenzymeshaveprovedusefulinrealworld.B.Thetechnologyhasworkedagainstclimatechange.C.Theenzymeshavenotbeenusedinthelab.D
8、.Thetechnologymayhaveabrightfuture.4.Thispassageisintendedto . A.introduceapossiblewaytobetterplantsabilityofabsorbingCO 2B.callonpeopletopaymoreattentiontothebalanceofnatureC.analysethecauseandresultofclimatechangerelatedtoplantsD.explorethepossibilityofusingplantstofightagainstclimatechangeB2Today
9、tropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern,rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea.Deforestation(滥伐森林)oftropicalrain
10、forestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction,thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources,andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However,thisdestructioncanbeslowed,stopped,andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆转).Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved,butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundthe
11、remainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic,political,andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.So,whatshouldbedone?Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical,notcompletelyidealisticandshoulddependondevelopingaconservationapproach
12、builtontheprincipleofsustainable(不破坏生态平衡的)useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests,effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelong-termbenefitstheycanprovideformankind.Historicalapproachestorainforest
13、conservationhavefailed,asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions,closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoor,norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers.Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopres
14、ervingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.5.Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests?A.Humansdestroyingthetree
15、s.B.Carbonsinksbeingreduced.C.Lackingrenewableresources.D.Fencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests.6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Tropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved.B.Rainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected.C.Humanactivitieshavealittleeffectontropicalrainforests.D.Economicreturnscanma
16、kesomedifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests.7.Whatistheauthorsattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection?A.Indifferent. B.Concerned.C.Doubtful. D.Puzzled.8.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftherainforests.C.Toappealforrightwaystosavetherainfor
17、ests.D.Tointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。EarthDayisanevent1. (annual)celebratedonApril22.2. (found)bySenatorGaylordNelson,anAmericanpoliticianandenvironmentalist,itwasorig3inallyaimedathelpingthepublictoknowthecurrentsituationofairandwaterpollutionand3. (ge
18、t)peopletocareabouttheearth. In1962,RachelCarsonsbest-sellingbook SilentSpringcreatedan4. (aware)ofthedangerouseffectsofpesticides(农药).Then,afire,5. brokeoutin1969onCuyahogaRiver,shedlightontheproblemofchemicalpollutioninwater.SenatorGaylordNelsondreamedof6. similarlargeeventthatwouldgetpeopletotake
19、environmentalissuesseriously.In1969,hewasinspiredbyprotestsagainsttheVietnamWarandcameupwiththeideaforEarthDay. Inthefallof1969,Nelsonannounceditandappealedtotheentirecountrytogetinvolved.Consequently,telegrams,lettersandtelephonecalls7. alloverthecountrypouredin.Since1970,EarthDaycelebrationhasgrow
20、n.Later,Nelson8. (award)thePresidentialMedalofFreedominrecognitionofhiswork. Today,EarthDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldeveryApril22.SometimesnumerouscommunitiescelebrateEarthWeek,anentireweekof9. (activity)focusedontheenvironmentalissues.In2017,theMarchforScience10. (occur)onEarthDay(April22,2017)andw
21、asfollowedbythePeoplesClimateMobilization(April29,2017). .短文改错NextSunday,thetwenty-fiveofOctober,wearehaveanopendayatourschool.Itsgoingtobeabouttheenvironment,withkindsoffunthingshappen.Ourgeographyteacherwillshowadocumentaryfilmaboutairpollute.Ourscienceteacherisrunningaworkshopwithpracticalideason
22、whattodowiththingscanberecycled,likenewspapersandbox.ThenintheeveningDrLyndaPotter,aenvironmentalist,isgoingtogiveatalk.Itwillbeaboutwhateveryonecandosomethingtohelptheenvironment.Theywillalsobebooksforsaleaboutprotectingtheenvironment.Ithinkitsgoingtobearealgoodday.课时作业(二十九).A【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一
23、种改善植物吸收二氧化碳能力的方法。1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Forestsandoceansarenaturalcarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,butsincewevebeenpumpingtoomuchintotheair,thosesinkscantkeepup.” 可知,森林和海洋不能够平衡自然是因为人类排放了过多的二氧化碳,故选 B。42.A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,增加植物吸收二氧化碳的能力和有效性是应对气候变化的关键,故选 A。3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifthosetestss
24、howthatplantsreallycanbesupercharged,wecouldhaveanewtoolinthefightagainstclimatechangewherenotonlydoweprotecttheamazingcarbon-absorbingforestswehave,butwealsoaddthesesuperplantsoranartificialleaftechnologyusingtheenzymesintoothermixedfields.”和对本段的整体理解可推知,这项技术前途光明,故选 D。4.A 写作意图题。第一段点题并结合对全文的整体理解可推知,本
25、文主要介绍了一种通过改善植物吸收二氧化碳的能力来应对气候变化的新技术,故选 A。B【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了热带雨林在逐渐从地球上消失,分析了其消失的原因及带来的后果,并提出了对热带雨林保护的新措施。5.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Deforestation(滥伐森林)oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction”可知,人类对热带雨林的滥砍滥伐导致了一些物种的消失,故选 A。6.D 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseef
26、inancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.”可知,经济效益对保护热带雨林有一定影响,故选D。7.B 推理判断题。根据文章大意可知,作者阐述了热带雨林正在消失的现状,并呼吁找到拯救热带雨林的合理措施,故选 B。8.C 写作意图题。根据全文内容,尤其是第三段第二句“Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical,notcompletelyidealisticandshoulddependondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltont
27、heprincipleofsustainable(不破坏生态平衡的)useanddevelopmentofrainforests.”以及第四段第一句“Historicalapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed”可知,该篇文章的写作目的是呼吁找到拯救热带雨林的合理措施,故选 C。.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了“地球日”的起源及发展。1.annually 考查词性转换。修饰动词的词一般为副词,故用副词 annually修饰动词celebrated,在句子中作状语。2.Founded 考查非谓语动词。found 和句子的谓语之间没有连词
28、,且与表示被动的介词 by呼应,表示被动完成的概念,故填 Founded。3.getting 考查动名词。根据语境 and提示可知,此处与动名词 helping并列,故用getting作介词 at的宾语。4.awareness 考查词性转换。与语境中定冠词 the和介词 of呼应可知,此处用名词形式。5.which 考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,修饰先行词 afire。6.a 考查冠词。event 是可数名词,且在语境中第一次出现,故用不定冠词修饰。7.from 考查介词。from 此处表示“来自”,符合语境。8.wasawarded 考查动词的时态和语态。事
29、情发生在过去,并且 award和句子主语 Nelson是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。9.activities 考查名词复数。根据 anentireweekof可知,活动是一系列的,故用复数形式。10.occurred 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语 in2017且与语境 wasfollowed呼应可知,事情发生在过去,故用一般过去时,填 occurred。.NextSunday,thetwenty-fiveofOctober,weare 或 haveanopendayatourschool.Itsgoingtobeabout the twenty-fifth will having5en
30、vironment,withkindsoffunthingshappen.Ourgeographyteacherwillshowadocumentaryfilmaboutair happeningpollute.Ourscienceteacherisrunningaworkshopwithpracticalideasonwhattodowiththings canbethat/whichpollutionrecycled,likenewspapersandbox.ThenintheeveningDrLyndaPotter,aenvironmentalist,isgoingtogivea boxes antalk.Itwillbeaboutwhateveryonecandosomethingtohelptheenvironment.Theywillalsobebooksfor Theresaleaboutprotectingtheenvironment.Ithinkitsgoingtobea realgoodday. really6
