1、1Module 1 Small Talk Section Other Parts of the Module原文呈现 读文清障 The Wrong Kind of Small TalkEsther Greenbaum was a saleswoman for a firm of fax machines and business supplies. But she was also the most outspoken human being in the world well, Westchester County, at least . Her motto was “Every time
2、I open my mouth, I put my foot in it .”Esther Greenbaums majorshortcoming was that she 10 had a complete absence of small talk. No, thats not quite true. She had small talk, but it was the wrong kind. In fact， she had never learnt the basic rules of social communication, and as a consequence， she ma
3、de systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth. It was no coincidence saleswoman/seIlzwmn/ n女推销员，女销售员firm/fm/ n公司fax/fks/ n传真(机)outspoken/atspk n/adj.直言不讳的，坦率的human being 人类，其复数形式是 human beings。at least 至少motto/mt/ n座右铭，格言every time “每次” ，是名词短语用作连词，引导时间状语从句。put ones foot in ones mouth 犯使人难堪的
4、错误，说错话major adj.主要的shortcoming/tkmI/n缺点，短处absence/bsns/ n缺乏，不存在that she had .是表语从句。in fact 实际上， as a matter of fact 事实上as a consequence 因此，结果systematic/sIstmtIk/adj.非偶然的，经常的coincidence/kInsIdns/ n巧合2either that she wasnt a very good saleswoman.It is/was no coincidence that . 不是巧合。it 是形式主语，that 引导的从句
5、是真正的主语。不合时宜的闲谈埃斯特戈林鲍姆是一家传真及商务用品公司的女推销员。但她也是世界上最口无遮拦的人当然，至少在韦切斯特县是这样的。她的座右铭是“每当我张口，就会讲错话。 ”埃斯特戈林鲍姆的主要缺点是她根本不会闲谈。不，也不完全如此。她也闲谈，只是不合时宜。实际上，她从来就没有认识到社交的基本规则，因此每次张嘴说话她都会犯经常性的错误。她成不了一名优秀的推销员也就不是巧合了。One day during a meeting, Esther was introduced to an important customer， a mature woman.21 “Nice to meet yo
6、u， ” she said. “How old are you？” The customer looked awkward .22 “Forty? Fortyfive？” said Esther. “You look much older. And your friend . shes older than you, but she looks much younger！”On another occasion, Esther teaseda typist ， “Hey! Whens your baby 23 24 due？”The typist went red and 25 be intr
7、oduced to sb.被介绍给某人customer/kstm/n顾客，客户mature/mt/adj.成熟的21 awkward/kwd/adj.尴尬的22 tease/tiz/v戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄23 typist/taIpIst/n打字员24 go red 变红25 contradict/kntrdIkt/v反驳26 pregnant/pregnnt/adj.怀孕的27 apology/pldi/n道歉，致歉28 put on weight 长胖，增肥29 3contradicted Esther. “Actually, Im 26 not pregnant ， ”she said.27
8、 “Oh, sorry， ” said Esther without any apology .“Just putting on a 28 little weight ， huh？”29 Esther was never cautious about 30 other peoples feelings. One of her acquaintances ， a salesman in the 31 firm, was going through a very messy32 divorce and was very depressed. She 33 34 tried to cheer him
9、 up .35 “Forget her! She was a complete fool . No one liked her anyway.”36 lose weight 减肥cautious/ks/adj.谨慎的，慎重的30 be cautious about ( be careful of/about)对谨慎小心acquaintance/kweIntns/n熟人31 go through 遭受，经历32 messy/mesi/adj.棘手的，难办的33 divorce/dIvs/n离婚，离异34 cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振作起来35 fool/ful/n傻瓜，笨蛋36 一天
10、在一次会议期间，埃斯特被介绍给一位重要的客户，一位成熟的女士。,她说：“很高兴见到你。你多大年纪啦？”这位客户看起来很尴尬。,埃斯特说道：“四十？四十五？你看起来更老。而你的朋友她年龄比你大，但看起来年轻得多！”,还有一次，埃斯特打趣一位打字员说：“嗨！你什么时候生宝宝啊？”,那位打字员一下子变得面红耳赤，并反驳埃斯特说：“实际上， 我还没怀孕呢。 ”,埃斯特毫无歉意地说：“噢，对不起。只是略微发福，是吗？”,埃斯特从来不注意他人的感受。和她在同一家公司做推销员的一个熟人正陷入离婚窘境，并为此非常沮丧。她试图让他高兴起来。,“忘掉她！她是一个十足的傻瓜。没有人喜欢她。 ”4Much of th
11、e time, Esther said the first thing to come into her head . One 37 day at work, a clerk came into the 38 office with a new hairstyle.“Nice haircut ， ” said 39 Esther.“How much did it cost？”The woman replied, “Id rather 40 not say.”Esther replied, “Well, anyhow ， 41 either you paid too much or you pa
12、id 42 too little.”She met a very famous writer once. “Hey, what a coincidence！” she said. “Youre writing a book and Im reading one！”to come into her head 作后置37 定语，修饰 the first thing。clerk/klk/n职员，办事员38 haircut/hekt/n发型，发式39 would rather “宁愿” ，后接动40 词原形，还可接 that 从句(从句用一般过去时或过去完成时表示虚拟语气)。anyhow/enIha/
13、adv.不管怎么说，41 无论如何either . or . 或者或42 者大多数时候，埃斯特想到什么就说什么。有一天工作时，一位刚换了新发型的职员走进办公室。,埃斯特说：“发型很漂亮，花了多少钱？”,这位女士回答道：“我宁愿不说。”,埃斯特答道：“哦，不管怎样，要么你花了太多，要么你花了太少。 ”,有一次她遇见一位非常著名的作家。她说：“嗨，多么巧啊！你正在写一本书，我正在看一本书！”5The trouble with Esther was she said what she thought, and didnt think about what she said . 43 A young
14、man was trying to be modestabout his new job many miles 44 away.“I guess the company chose me so theyd get some peace in the office， ” he smiled.“No, I guess they chose you to discourage you from spending your 45 whole career with us， ” Esther replied sweetly .46 Once, Esther went to a brunch 47 par
15、ty to meet some old school friends on the anniversary of 48 their graduation.She greeted the 49 hostess .50 “Do you remember that guy you were dating ？ What happened to 51 him？” she asked. “You know, the ugly one.”52 At that moment ， a man came 53 up and stood by her friend. 54 “Esther, Id like you
16、to meet my husband， ” she said. “Charles, this is .”Esther interrupted her， “Hey, 55 so you married him！”56 was 后省略了表语从句引导词43 that，表语从句中含有并列谓语 said 和didnt think about，它们分别后接了宾语从句 what she thought 和 what she said。modest/mdIst/adj.谦虚的，谦逊44 的be modest about 对谦虚discourage sb. from doing sth. 45 阻止某人做某事s
17、weetly adj.令人愉快地；甜美地46 brunch/brnt/n早午餐47 anniversary/nIvsrI/ n周48 年纪念日greet vt.问候，向打招呼49 其后直接跟 sb.，意同 say hi/hello to sb.。hostess/hstIs/n女主人50 you were dating 前省略了定语从51 句的关系词 that, who 或 whom。ugly adj.丑陋的，难看的52 at that moment 正在那时53 come up 走过来，走上前来54 interrupt/Intrpt/v打断55 marry v嫁给；与结婚56 be marri
18、ed to sb.与某人结婚6埃斯特的问题是她想到什么就说什么，而且从不考虑她说的话。一位年轻人为他好几英里外的新工作而尽力表示谦虚。,他微笑着说：“我想公司选择我是为了他们在办公室里可以得到一些平和。 ”,埃斯特亲切地回答：“不是的，我想他们之所以挑中你是因为不想让你一辈子都跟着我们干。 ”,有一次，埃斯特在他们毕业周年纪念日去一个早午餐聚会见几个老校友。她向女主人打招呼。,她问道：“你还记得和你约会的那个家伙吗？他怎么样了？你知道的，就是那个长得丑的。 ”,正在那时，一个男人走过来，站在她朋友的旁边。她说：“埃斯特，我想让你见见我丈夫。查尔斯，这是”,埃斯特打断她说：“噢，原来你和他结了婚
19、！”原文呈现 读文清障 Making Friends in the USAIn the USA, conversation is less lively than in many other cultures, where everyone talks at the same time . When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen ，no matter how dull the persons speaking may be.If youre not sure what to talk about, you can ask what
20、people do. Were defined by our jobs and were usually happy to talk about them, unless youre a spy!Some people say that Americans talk about their feelings more than Asians, but are more secretive about factual matters. You can safely ask questions about families, where you come from, where 引导非限制性定语从
21、句，先行词为 many other cultures。at the same time 同时be expected to do 被期望做no matter how“无论，不管” ，引导让步状语从句。If youre not sure . 是条件状语从句，从句中 what to .作 sure 的宾语；主句 you can ask . 中 what people do 作 ask 的宾语。define/dIfaIn/ v解释，给下定义unless conj. (if . not) 除非secretive/sikr tIv/adj.秘而不宣的，隐藏的be secretive about 对隐藏fa
22、ctual/fktl/ adj.实际的，事实的，确实的as well as 不但而且 as well 也，又latest adj.最新的be interested in 对感兴趣take (an) interest in 对产生兴趣ethnic adj.民族的，种族的religion n宗教(信仰)sensitive adj.敏感的， be sensitive to 7leisure interests, as well as 10 the latest movies. Were interested in peoples ethnic background too. But its best
23、 to avoid politics, religion and other sensitive topics.对敏感句中 it 是形式主语 ，to avoid . 是真正的主语。在美国交朋友第 13 段译文在美国，交谈比在许多别的国家沉闷得多，在别的国家大家都一起聊天。(而在美国)当有人说话时，不管他说得可能多么无聊，每个人都应该倾听。如果你不能确定谈论什么，你可以问一下别人是做什么的。工作体现着我们的特质，而且我们通常乐意去谈论它们，除非你是一个间谍！有些人说美国人谈论感情要比亚洲人多，但他们对现实的事情却更隐藏。你除了可以很放心地问最新的电影，还可以问有关家庭、籍贯、业余爱好等的问题。我
24、们对人们的民族背景也感兴趣。但最好避免政治、宗教和其他敏感话题。8A highly personal conversation can take place after a very short period of knowing someone, but this doesnt mean that youre close friends, or the relationship is very deep. But a lot of people are very friendly and hospitable， and the famous invitation “If youre ever
25、 in Minneapolis/San Diego/Poughkeepsie, do call by and see us！” is never made without a genuine desireto meet again.21 But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask, particularly if you 22 clearly show youreaware of 23 cultural differences, they may hesitate before they ask you
26、24 similar questions .In fact, 25 its a sign that they dont wish to violate your private life26 27 . So, many Americans will talk 28 about safe topics because they dont dare to be too curious 29 or personal, but will happily talk about more private matters if you take the lead .30 hospitable/hspItbl
27、/adj.好客的，殷勤的do 置于动词原形前，用来强调谓语。call by 顺道来访genuine/denjuIn/adj.纯粹的，真正的desire n渴望，欲望， desire to do 21 sth.渴望做某事particularly adv.特别地，尤其( in 22 particular)(be) aware of 知道 be aware that 23 . 知道hesitate v迟疑，犹豫不决， 24 hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事while “尽管，虽然” ，引导让步状语从25 句；if 引导条件状语从句；before 引导时间状语从句；you may a
28、sk 为省略关系代词的定语从句；youre aware of . 为省掉 that 的宾语从句。violate/vaIleIt/v骚扰，妨碍，侵26 犯private adj.私人的，个人的27 that they . 是同位语从句，解释 a 28 sign 的内容。curious adj.好奇的， be curious 29 about 对好奇take the lead 带头，领先30 9第 45 段译文两个人认识很短一段时间之后，就可能会有亲密的交谈，但这并不意味着你们就是亲密的朋友或关系非常好了。但许多人非常友好、好客，而且如果无意再相见，他们是不会作出“如果你有机会到明尼阿波利斯/圣地
29、亚哥/波基普西，务必顺道来看看我们！”这种人们所惯见的邀请的。,但是尽管极少数的美国人会担心你可能提出的问题，尤其是你明显地表现出你了解文化差异时，在问你相似的问题之前，他们会犹豫。事实上，这表明他们不希望侵犯你的私人生活。因此，许多美国人都谈论一些安全的话题，因为他们不敢 表现得 太好奇或太冒昧，但如果你首先引入 私人话题 ，他们会高兴地谈论更多关于私人的事情。Generally we dislike 31 arguments ， and we avoid topics 32 which lead to disagreement. 33 Its easy to return to discu
30、ssing the weather ： “Do you like the 34 USA? How do you like the weather？” or making compliments： “What lovely flowers and 35 what a beautiful vase！ ”“Thats a fabulous dress youre wearing.” You should accept compliments graciously and say 36 “Thank you！”There are a couple of dangerous topics of conv
31、ersation: age and money. Age is not treated as something very special ， 37 38 unless someone is very old: “Isnt she wonderful for her age！” and there are no special rules or signs of extra respect generally adv.大体上，一般地( 31 in general)argument n争论32 lead to 导致(to 为介词)33 It is/was adj. to do sth. 34 做
32、某事是的。it 是形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正的主语。compliment n称赞，夸奖35 graciously/greIsli/adv.优雅地36 be treated as 被当作37 同义短语：be regarded/thought of/considered as修饰 something, nothing 等不定代38 词的形容词要放在其后面。anyway anyhow 不管怎样39 accurate adj.确切的，准确的40 10for elderly people. Anyway ， 39 Americans always want to look younger th
33、an they really are, so dont expect an accurate 40 reply！第 67 段译文一般来说，我们不喜欢争论，并避开那些导致分歧的话题。回到天气的讨论中很容易：“你喜欢美国吗？你觉得这儿的天气怎么样？”或者说些称赞的话：“多么可爱的花，多么漂亮的花瓶啊！” “你穿的那条连衣裙真漂亮。 ”你应该欣然接受赞美并说“谢谢！”,有两个敏感的话题：年龄和钱。年龄并没有被当作很特殊的话题，除非某人年事已高：“以她的年龄，难道她活得不精彩吗！”而且没有格外尊敬老人的特别规定或迹象。不管怎样，美国人总是想让自己看起来比他们的真实年龄年轻些，因此别指望他们给出确切的回
34、答！Income is a very private matter, and youd do well to 41 avoid asking how much people 42 earn, although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth . We 43 44 dont ask how much things cost, either.But what we dont like is 45 silence, and almost anything is better than the e
35、mbarrassment 46 do well to do . 最好做41 avoid doing . 避免做42 show off 炫耀43 although some people . 是让步44 状语从句，其中含有 not only . but (also) . 结构。what we dont like 是主语从句。45 embarrassment n尴尬46 11of a quiet party and silent guests.第 89 段译文收入是很私人的事情，你最好避免问别人挣多少钱，尽管有些人对此不仅不加隐瞒，反而还炫耀他们的财富。我们也不问东西值多少钱。,但是我们不喜欢沉默
36、不语，几乎任何事情都比宴会冷清、宾客沉默所带来的尴尬要好。Read the passage and choose the best answers.1Whats the reason for Esther to have the motto “Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it”？AShe was the most outspoken human being in the world.BShe was not a very good saleswoman.CShe had a complete absence of small tal
37、k.DShe had never learnt the basic rules of small talk.2From the conversation between Esther and one of her customers in Paragraphs 3 to 5, we can know that _.AEsther was quite familiar with the customerBEsther was laughing at the customer for her old lookingCit was not impolite to ask ones ageDthe c
38、ustomer was pleased to talk with Esther3What was the possible result after Esther comforted her acquaintance who was going through a divorce?AHe was out of depression.BHe was cheered up by Esther.CHe became angry as well as depressed.12DHe thanked Esther a lot for her help.4The sentence in the 15th
39、paragraph“Youre writing a book and Im reading one！” actually means “_” AI am reading the book you are writing nowBIm reading a book similar to yoursCwhile you are writing books, Im reading booksDIm very interested in the book you are writing now5From the whole passage, we can see that _ are NOT suit
40、able small talk topics.Asome personal matters like ones age, weight, marriage and so onBthings about ones hairstyle and appearanceCpersonal affairs like ones income, career and dating, etc.DAll of the above答案：15 DBCBD一、这样记单词记得准写得对 记得快记得多.基础词汇1.obligationn 责任，义务2.prizen. 奖品，奖金3.formn. 表格4.tidyv. 使整洁，
41、整理5.outspokenadj. 直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的6.replyn. 回答，答复，回信7.shortcomingn. 缺点8.customern. 顾客，客户9.awkwardadj. 尴尬的1.prize n 奖品，奖金比较award：指获得的正式荣誉(如文学奖)prize：指比赛后获得的奖章(一等奖、二等奖、三等奖)reward：指你帮了别人后获得的报酬(如你救了别人后别人给你报酬)词块 get the first prize 获得一等奖2.form n. 表格词块 fill in/out a form 填写表格3.tidy v. 使整洁，整理词块 tidy up 整理，收拾
42、1310.acquaintancen. 熟人11.anyhowadv. 不管怎么说，无论如何12.modestadj. 谦虚的13.anniversaryn. 周年纪念日14.purposen. 目的15.circumstancen. 情形，情况.拓展词汇1.applicationn申请apply v申请applicant n申请人2.impoliteadj.不礼貌的polite adj.有礼貌的3._favourn恩惠，照顾favourable adj.有利的，赞许的favourite adj.特别喜欢的4.absencen缺乏，不存在absent adj.缺席的5.cautiousadj.
43、谨慎的，慎重的，小心的caution n谨慎，小心6.modestadj.谦虚的modesty n谦虚7.interruptv打断interruption n打断8.definev解释，给下定义definition n定义，解释9.graciouslyadv.优雅地gracious adj.优雅的10.successfuladj.成功的successfully adv.成功地success n成功succeed v成功11.apologyn道歉，致歉apologise v道歉12.imaginev现象imagination n想象，想象力imaginative adj.富有想象力的imagin
44、ary adj.想象中的，虚构的4.reply (replied, replied) n. 回答，回复，回信词块 reply to 答复，回复5.shortcoming n. 缺点同义 weakness n. 弱点，缺点反义 strength n. 优点，长处6.customer n. 顾客，客户联想 custom n. 风俗，习惯7.awkward adj. 尴尬的同义 embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的8.acquaintance n. 熟人反义 stranger n. 陌生人9.anyhow adv. 不管怎么说，无论如何同义 anywayanyway 和 anyhow 同义
45、，但前者多用于美式英语，后者多用于英式英语。10.purpose n. 目的同义 aim n. 目的，目标goal n. 目的，目标词块 achieve the/ones aim/purpose/goal实现目标accomplish ones aim 达到目的11.circumstance n. 情形，情况词块 under certain circumstances 在某种情况下under no circumstances 绝不12.imagine v. 想象串记 Smith is a writer with great imagination. He has written several
46、imaginative novels. We all imagine him as a talented writer.1415二、这样记短语记牢固定短语 多积常用词块1.put ones foot in ones mouth 说错话，犯使人难堪的错误2.as a consequence 因此，结果3.cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振作起来4.be cautious about 对小心/谨慎e up 走近6.leave out 省去，删去；漏掉；忽视7.(be) aware of 知道，意识到8.take the lead 带头，领先9.show off 炫耀；卖弄；展示；衬托出；使夺
47、目10.have . in common 有共同之处1.have a favour to ask 有一事相求2.be worried about 担心，担忧3.with a new haircut 留着新发型4.on the anniversary of their graduation在他们毕业的周年纪念日5.cultural differences 文化差异6.private matters 私事7.lead to disagreement 造成分歧8.establish a relationship 建立一种关系9.an embarrassing silence 一种令人尴尬的沉默三、这样记句式先背熟 再悟通 后仿用1.Every timeI open my mouth, I put my foot in it. 每当我张口，就会讲错话。every time 用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次时” 。Every time we met, we
