1、,By Cece(王诗颖),Arrangement A. Teaching objectives：Students are required to grasp the life experience and major works of Ernest Hemingway;Students are required to understand “The Lost Generation” and appreciate the novelA Farewell to Arms & The Old Man and the Sea.,B. Focal points C. Teaching procedur
2、esStep 1 Lead in -Hemingways Biographical IntroductionStep 2 Analysis of A Farewell to ArmsStep 3 Conclusion,I. Life,born in a small town called Oak Park in Illinois near Chicago father: a successful physician, middle class, love fishing and hunting; mother: music teacher a happy childhood; a lover
3、of brutal sports残酷运动、野蛮运动, such as boxing and football in middle school Though his father hoped him to be a physician, Hemingway refused to enter university. He chose to be a reporter.,I. Life,During the WWI, he wanted to join the army but was refused because of his poor eyesight. Then Hemingway cam
4、e to Italy to work as an ambulance急救车 driver. He was seriously wounded in the battlefield战场. The nightmarish噩梦 war experience changed his life. After the war, he still worked as a reporter. He was sent to Paris and knew Pound, Gertrude Stein, Sherwood Anderson and some other famous writers who encou
5、raged him to write. He also worked as a war reporter in the Spanish Civil War and the WWII.,He is a tough guy硬汉 with rather masculine manner.男子汉气概 In all his life, he loved tough games, such as boxing, hunting, deep-sea fishing, bullfight斗牛 and so on. He was injured many times. In all the operations
6、, 237 steel fragments钢铁碎片 were taken out from Hemingways body. He also suffered 3 car accidents and 2 air crushes. He was admired as a hero by lots of people and his life style was imitated. In 1961, Hemingway shot himself with gun in his home. ?,Occupation: American novelist, short-story writer, an
7、d journalist. Known as “the Lost Generation“ Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and the Sea, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.,II. Major Works,A Farewell to Arms (fiction) 永别了，武器 For Whom the Bell Tolls (fiction)丧钟为谁而鸣 The Old Man and the Sea (fiction) The Sun Also Rises (fiction) 太阳照常升
8、起Death In The Afternoon (non-fiction) 死在午后 A Moveable Feast (fiction ) 流动的盛宴,Short Stories,A Clean, well-lighted place 一个干净明亮的地方 The Snows of Kilimanjaro 乞力马扎罗的雪 Cat in the Rain 雨中猫,III. The Lost Generation迷惘的一代,The Lost Generation refers to the group of American writers who came of age成熟年代 during W
9、orld War I and established their reputations in the 1920s. The writings of these authors were shaped by World War I and self-imposed exile自我放逐 from the American mainstream. The writers considered themselves “lost” because their inherited values could not operate in the postwar world传统民主自由的价值观与战后世界格格
10、不入. They felt spiritually alienated精神异化、疏远 from a country they considered hopelessly provincial and emotionally barren.,Who are involved in the Lost Generation?,Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald Gertrude Stein(格特鲁德斯泰因（Gertrude Stein，1874年2月3日1946年7月27日），美国作家与诗人，但后来主要在法国生活，并且为现代主义文学与现代艺术的发展做出重要贡献。
11、 她创立了一种独特的几乎有点孩子气的写作风格，作品中摒弃规范的标点使用规则，强调印象之作而非叙列陈述，还经常重复使用同一单词和短语，如“玫瑰就是玫瑰就是玫瑰就是玫瑰”。 ) T. S. Eliot Ezra Pound,Part I A Farewell to Arms - Ernest Hemingway,Contents,Author Characters Plot Theme & Symbol Comments,Background of the novel,Early in 1918 Hemingway responded to a Red Cross recruitment in K
12、ansas City and signed on to be an ambulance driver in Italy. By June he was stationed驻扎 at the Italian Front意大利前线. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and was sent to a field hospital.While recuperating复原 he fell in love with Agnesvon Kurowsky, a Red Cross nurse seven years his senior. However,when th
13、ey planned to marry, she wrote that she had become engaged to an Italian officer. Hemingway was devastated by Agnes rejection.,Questions:1. The characters in A Farewell to Arms(5 mins) 2. What is the theme of the novel? 3. What are the symbols in the novel?,B. Characters,Frederic Henry: The narrator
14、 and protagonist A young American as ambulance driver of Italian Army during the WWI. Embodies the lost generation,Characteristics: Brave; well-disciplined; friendly; responsible; anti-war.,Characters,Catherine Barkley: An English nurse serving at the Italian front. Frederic Henrys lover No religion
15、,Characteristics: courageous; noble, strong-mind; considerate; optimistic; gentle.,Other characters,Rinaldi: Henrys roommate, a surgeon at the Italian front seeks immediate pleasures and sexual relationships. Helen Ferguson: a friend of Catherineloyalty, dignity,C. Plot,Taking place in Italy during
16、WWI, tied closely to Hemingways experience. Henry serves in Italian ambulance unit, falls in love with an English nurse, Catherine.,Henry is in wounded and after his return to the front, an Italian retreat撤退地 where he barely escapes with his life. Ultimately, he and Catherine enter Switzerland to aw
17、ait the birth of their child. Unfortunately, Catherine and the child both died, Henry is left alone, his future left unplotted.,D. Theme & Symbol,1. Theme-The Grim残忍 Reality of War-The Relationship Between Love and Pain Love: Hemingway offers a deep, mournful meditation悲伤的冥想 on the nature of love.“I
18、 dont. I dont want anybody else to touch you. Im silly. I get furious if they touch you.“ “I would be too happy. If I could live there and love God and serve him.“ “Always I wanted to see Catherine.“,2. Symbol The rain: unhappiness, death, disasters, misfortune The mountain: peace, happiness, family
19、, love. The plain: destruction, death, war Arms: love and war Catherine: perfect lover and love,Rain,Serving as a potent有力 symbol of the inevitable inevitbl disintegration瓦解 of happiness in life. Catherine infuses灌输 the weather with meaning as she and Henry lie in bed listening to the storm outside.
20、 As the rain falls on the roof, Catherine admits that the rain scares her and says that it has a tendency to ruin things for lovers.,Of course, no meteorological ,mi:tirldikl 气象的 phenomenon has such power; symbolically, however, Catherines fear proves to be prophetic预示的, for doom厄运 does eventually c
21、ome to the lovers. After Catherines death, Henry leaves the hospital and walks home in the rain. Here, the falling rain validates证实 Catherines anxiety and confirms one of the novels main contentions: great love, like anything else in the worldgood or bad, innocent or deservingcannot last.,E. Comment
22、,At the end of this novel, Henry is left desolate and alone in a strange land, his dream of leading a decent life broke into smithereens ,smiri:nz碎片. So the novel is both a farewell to war, which is condemned as purposeless slaughter, and a farewell to love, which proves so short-lived.,Judging from
23、 the whole story, Hemingway is to write about the process in which people treat the war from taking it seriously into suspicion to disgust and then to indifference, which reflects the cynicism愤世嫉俗, belief crisis of people after the WWI, which is representative of the mood of “the Lost Generation”.It
24、 seems that lifes tragedies, and the courage required to face themthis is a recurring theme of Hemingways writings.,Part II,An analysis of The old Man and the Sea (In 1954, Hemingway got the Nobel Prize),Famous Quote:,His Writing,Code hero,Emphasis on Emotion,3,Iceberg principle,1,2,Colloquial style
25、,4,Writing style (iceberg principle),1. What is the iceberg principle? 2. How does Hemingway use it in The Old Man and the sea? 3. Which phrases embody this principle fully?,Iceberg principle,“I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eighths of it underwater for every pa
26、rt that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate排除 and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that doesnt show. If a writer omits something because he does not know it then there is a hole in the story.”His sentences only give one small bit of the meaning. The rest is implied. One must g
27、o very deep beneath the surface to understand the full meaning of his writing. Certainly, there are moments when the reader feels the suggestion of vast meaning beneath Hemingways few, spare words用词精简.,Code hero硬汉形象,The “Hemingway Code” of manhood does not involve mere physical strength, sexual pote
28、ncy, or ability to accumulate (or spend) wealth. According to this code, a man is defined by will, pride, and endurance: the endurance to accept pain, even loss-when the loss cannot be avoided; the pride of knowing that one has done ones best, with the courage to act truly according to ones own natu
29、re; and the will to face defeat or victory without whining哀叫 on one hand or boasting 自夸on the other.,Emphasis on Emotion,He was interested in conveying a deep emotional feeling. He did have some realistic techniques, but on the whole he was not like the realistic writers because he was more interest
30、ed in conveying his personal emotion. And this is the goal of many modernist writers - recreate the feelings of the situation or experience in the reader, arouse an involuntary subjective response.,Colloquial style口语化风格,influence from Mark Twain(local color, vernacular language方言) and his journalist
31、 career Concrete, specific, common-found words Simple, short, even ungrammatical sentences Direct, clear and positive style, yet highly connotative The style was described as “iceberg” The Nobel Prize Committee praised Hemingway had “powerful style forming mastery of the art”.,The Old Man and the Se
32、a a quite special novel in all his novels symbolism Santiago mankind; sea nature and environment; marlin purpose of life; shark the evil force which control humans fate theme: the importance of life lies in the process of searching and resistance,Assignment,1. Define “The Lost Generation” 2. Make a comment on A Farewell to Arms in 150 words.,
