1、No1 1.The following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Natures Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products. “Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy li
2、ves. We should therefore build our next new store in Plainsville, which has many such residents. Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members t
3、han ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Plainsvilles schoolchildren are required to participate in a fitness for life program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age.“ 以前的经验显示，我们的商店在那些居民对
4、健康生活高度关注的地区是盈利最多的。因此我们应该把下一家连锁店开设在 Plainsville，那里有很多这样的居民。Plainsville 的商家报告说运动鞋和运动衣的销售处于历史高点。当地一家五年前因缺乏客源而濒临倒闭的康体俱乐部现在的会员比以往任何时候都多，减肥训练和体操班总是满员。我们还可以预见到新生代的顾客群：Plainsville 的在校学生被要求参加一个叫做“终生健康“的项目，它强调从小开始经常锻炼的好处。 2.The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhave
5、n Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven Acres. “Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the communitys yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brook
6、ville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting.“ 七年前，附近的 Brookville 社区的业主实施了一系列关于该社区的庭院应如何布置以及房屋应涂何种颜色的规定。从那以后，Brookville 的地产平均价格翻了三番。为使 Deerhaven Acres 的地产升值，我们也应该对于景观和房屋涂色实施自己的规定。 3.The following appeared in
7、 a newspaper article about law firms in the city of Megalopolis. “In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms declined by 15 percent over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Eve
8、n though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earn
9、ing a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work.“ 在 Megalopolis，过去三年间在大型合伙事务所就职的法学院毕业生数量下降了 15，而在小型，一般性事务所就
10、职的毕业生数量则在增加。尽管大型事务所通常提供高的多的薪水，法学院毕业生选择在小型事务所工作主要是因为他们感受到更高的工作满足感。一项对于顶尖法学院一年级学生的调查显示，多数人同意挣更多的钱没有工作满足感更重要的说法。这一现象启示我们，Megalopolis 的大型合伙事务所应该给毕业生提供更多的福利和激励，并减少他们的工作时间。 4.The following was posted on an Internet real estate discussion site. “Of the two leading real estate firms in our town-Adams Realty
11、 and Fitch Realty-Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitchs $144,000. Homes listed w
12、ith Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams.“ 在本市的两家
13、最大的房地产经纪公司-Adams Realty 和 Fitch Realty-之中，Adams 显然更优秀一些。Adams 有 40 名房地产经纪人，而 Fitch 只有 25 个，且很多是兼职工作。而且，Adams 去年的收入是 Fitch 的两倍，其平均房价为 $168000，而 Fitch 仅为$144000。在Adams 销售的房屋卖得也更快：十年前，我把我的房产交给 Fitch，它用了四个多月才卖出去；去年，我在 Adams 卖了另一处房产，仅用一个月就售出了。因此，要想让你的房产卖的更快更好，你应该选择Adams。 5.The following appeared in the b
14、usiness section of a newspaper. “Given that the number of people in our country with some form of arthritis is expected to rise from 40 million to 60 million over the next twenty years, pharmaceutical companies that produce drugs for the treatment of arthritis should be very profitable. Many analyst
15、s believe that in ten years Becton Pharmaceuticals, which makes Xenon, the best-selling drug treatment for arthritis, will be the most profitable pharmaceutical company. But the patent on Xenon expires in three years, and other companies will then be able to produce a cheaper version of the drug. Th
16、us, it is more likely that in ten years the most profitable pharmaceutical company will be Perkins Pharmaceuticals, maker of a new drug called Xylan, which clinical studies show is preferred over Xenon by seven out of ten patients suffering from the most extreme cases of arthritis.“ 鉴于我国在未来 20 年中患某种
17、形式关节炎的人数预计将从 4 千万上升至 6 千万，生产治疗关节炎药物的制药公司将获得巨大利润。很多分析家相信，生产最畅销关节炎药物 Xenon 的 Becton Pharmaceuticals 将会在十年后成为利润最高的制药公司。但 Xenon 的专利在三年内就要到期了，到时其他公司将能够生产该药的廉价版。因此，十年后利润最高的公司更有可能是 Perkins Pharmaceuticals，该公司生产一种叫做 Xylan 的新药，临床调查表明在患最严重关节炎的患者中 10 个有7 个倾向于 Xylan 而不是 Xenon。 6.The following was written as a p
18、art of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe. “A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itsel
19、f. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroes jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is Jazz Nightly, which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the ty
20、pical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money.“ 在 Monroe 建立爵士乐俱乐部将会是非常盈利的产业。当前，最近的爵士俱乐部也在 65 英里以外；因此，我们筹建的俱乐部 C Note 将会占有全部的本地市场。而且，爵士乐在 Monroe 非常流行：去年夏天 10 万多人参加了 Monroe的爵士音乐节，若干知名爵士音乐家居住在 Monroe，Monroe 获评价最高的广播节目是平时每天播出
21、的Jazz Nightly。最后，一项全国性研究表明典型的爵士爱好者每年花费近 1000 元用于爵士娱乐。显然 C Note将会赚钱。 7.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clearview newspaper. “In the next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun
22、, a member of the Clearview town council, because the current members are not protecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number of factories in Clearview has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respirat
23、ory illnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clearview will certainly be solved.“ 在下一次市长选举中，Clearview 的市民应投 Good Earth Coalition 成员 Ann Green 的票，而不是 Clearview 市委成员 Frank Braun，因为当前的市委成员没有保护我们的环境。举例来说，去年 Clearview 的工厂数量翻了一番，空气污染水平增加了，而且当地医院因呼吸道疾病就诊的数量增加了 25。如果我们选举 Ann Green，Cle
24、arview 的环境问题肯定将被解决。 8.The following appeared in a memorandum issued by the strategic planning department at Omni Inc. “Mesa Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods that currently markets its products within a relatively small region of the country, has strong growth potential. Mesa enjoyed a 20 percent
25、 increase in profits last year, and its best-selling product, Diabolique Salsa, has had increased sales over each of the past three years. Since Omni Inc. is interested in reaching 14-to-25 year olds, the age group that consumes the most snack food, we should buy Mesa Foods, and concentrate in parti
26、cular on marketing Diabolique Salsa throughout the country.“ Mesa Foods，一家当前仅在本国相对较小区域销售其产品的快餐食品生产商，具有很强的增长潜力。去年Mesa 的利润上升了 20，其最畅销产品 Diabolique Salsa 连续三年销量增加。由于 Omni Inc 对 1425 岁这一消费快餐食品最多的年龄群体感兴趣，我们应该收购 Mesa Foods，并集中力量在全国推广 Diabolique Salsa。 9.The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean a
27、t Omega University. “Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at O
28、mega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega Universi
29、ty should now terminate student evaluation of professors.“ 15 年前，Omega 大学实施了一项新措施，鼓励学生对所有教授的教学效果进行评价。从那以后，Omega 的教授开始给予学生更高的分数，Omega 的学生成绩总平均上升了 30。未来的雇主显然认为Omega 的分数贬值了；这可以解释为什么 Omega 的毕业生找工作时没有邻近的 Alpha 大学毕业生成功。为使 Omega 毕业生找到好工作，我们应立即停止学生对教授的评价。 10.The following appeared in a letter to the editor
30、of a Batavia newspaper. “The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to ov
31、er $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers.“
32、Batavia 的农业部门报告说全国奶牛农庄的数量比 10 年前增加了 25。然而就在同一时期，当地 Excello Food Market 牛奶的价格从每加仑$1.5 上涨到了$3.0。为防止农场主在牛奶供应量明显增加的情况下获取过多的利润，Batavia 的政府应限制牛奶的零售价。这种限价对于保证更低的牛奶价格和充足的供应是必需的。11.The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of West Egg. “Two years ago, our consultants predicted that West Egg
33、s landfill, which is used for garbage disposal, would be completely filled within five years. During the past two years, however, town residents have been recycling twice as much aluminum and paper as they did in previous years. Next month the amount of material recycled should further increase, sin
34、ce charges for garbage pickup will double. Furthermore, over ninety percent of the respondents to a recent survey said that they would do more recycling in the future. Because of our residents strong commitment to recycling, the available space in our landfill should last for considerably longer tha
35、n predicted.“ 两年前，我们的顾问预言 West Egg 用于投放垃圾的填埋地将在五年内完全充满。然而在过去两年间，市民对于铝和纸张的循环再生的数量比以前翻了一番。由于垃圾收集的收费在下个月将会加倍，循环再生的材料数量将进一步增加。而且，最近一次调查超过 90的回应者表示他们将会在未来做更多的循环再生工作。由于居民对循环再生的有力支持，我们填埋地可利用空间的使用时间将比预期的长得多。 12.The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Alta Manufacturing. “During the past ye
36、ar, Alta Manufacturing had thirty percent more on-the-job accidents than nearby Panoply Industries, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours. Experts believe that a significant contributing factor in many on-the-job accidents is fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers. Therefore, to
37、reduce the number of on-the-job accidents at Alta and thereby increase productivity, we should shorten each of our three work shifts by one hour so that our employees will get adequate amounts of sleep.“ 在过去，Alta 工厂的工伤事故比邻近的 Panoply 工厂多 30，Panoply 的每班工作时间比我们的短一个小时。专家相信导致很多工伤事故的重要因素就是工人的疲劳和睡眠不足。因此，为减
38、少 Alta 的工伤事故数量并提高生产数量，我们应该把我们的三个班次的工作时间每个都减少一小时，从而我们的雇员将有更充足的睡眠。 13.The following appeared in a memo from the chief executive of a video game company. “We have recently been offered the opportunity to buy the rights to produce a video game based on the soon-to-be-published childrens book “Squirrel P
39、ower,“ by Peter Wood. While the cost of the rights is substantial and will place economic constraints on our company in the short-term, there are two reasons that the purchase of these rights will undoubtedly be a wise investment. First, Woods last three books have been best sellers and the movie ba
40、sed on his first book was highly profitable. Second, the popular characters and story line in “Squirrel Power“ will save us time in developing our video game, thereby reducing our costs.“ 我们最近获得了购买一个游戏的生产权的机会，该游戏基于即将出版的由 Peter Wood 所写的儿童文学松鼠力量 。尽管购买该生产权的代价比较高昂并将会给本公司的财政造成短期的压力，但我们有两个理由认为购买该生产权无疑是一项明
41、智的投资。首先，Wood 的前三本书非常畅销，基于他第一本书改编的电影获得了很高的盈利。其次， 松鼠力量中受人欢迎的角色和情节将节省我们制作游戏所用的时间，从而节约我们的成本。 14.The following appeared in a memo from the owner of Green Thumb Gardening Center, a small business serving a suburban town. “There is evidence that consumers are becoming more and more interested in growing th
42、eir own vegetables. A national survey conducted last month indicated that many consumers were dissatisfied with the quality of fresh vegetables available in supermarkets. And locally, the gardening magazine Great Gardens has sold out at the Village News stand three months in a row. Thus, we at Green
43、 Thumb Gardening Center can increase our profits by greatly expanding the variety of vegetable seeds we stock for gardeners this coming spring.“ 有证据表明消费者对于自己种植蔬菜越来越感兴趣。上个月举行的一项国家调查显示很多消费者对于超市上供应的新鲜蔬菜的质量不满意。在本地，园艺杂志大花园在“Village News“报亭连续三个月售磬。因此，我们 Green Thumb Gardening Center 可以通过大量增加今春为园艺爱好者准备的蔬菜种子
44、的种类而增加盈利。 15.The following appeared in a newsletter offering advice to investors. “Over 80 percent of the respondents to a recent survey indicated a desire to reduce their intake of foods containing fats and cholesterol, and today low-fat products abound in many food stores. Since many of the food p
45、roducts currently marketed by Old Dairy Industries are high in fat and cholesterol, the companys sales are likely to diminish greatly and their profits will no doubt decrease. We therefore advise Old Dairy stockholders to sell their shares and other investors not to purchase stock in this company.“
46、最近一次调查中超过 80的回应者表达了他们想减少含脂肪和胆固醇的食品的愿望，现在很多食品商店都提供丰富的低脂肪食品。由于 Old Dairy Industries 当前生产的很多产品都有很高的脂肪和胆固醇含量，该公司的销量有可能严重下降，其盈利无疑会减少。因而我们建议 Old Dairy 的股票持有者抛出他们所持的股份，其他投资者也不应购买该公司的股份。 16.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper from a citizen of the state of Impecunia. “Two y
47、ears ago our neighboring state, Lucria, began a state lottery to supplement tax revenues for education and public health. Today, Lucria spends more per pupil than we do, and Lucrias public health program treats far more people than our states program does. If we were to establish a state lottery lik
48、e the one in Lucria, the profits could be used to improve our educational system and public health program. The new lottery would doubtless be successful, because a survey conducted in our capital city concludes that citizens of Impecunia already spend an average of $50 per person per year on gambli
49、ng.“ 两年前我们相邻的州 Lucria 开展了州际彩票活动来增加用于教育和公共医疗的财政收入。现在，Lucria对于每个小学生的平均开支比我们多，Lucria 的公共医疗体系接待的人数也比我们的多很多。如果我们也建立一套和 Lucria 类似的彩票系统，其盈利可以被用来改善我们的教育系统和公共医疗体系。新的彩票无疑会成功，因为在我们的首府举办的一次调查显示 Impecuni 的居民每人每年用于博彩的平均支出已经达到$50。 17.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Walnut Grove town newspaper. “Walnut Groves town council has advocated switching from EZ Disposal (which has had the contract for trash collection services in Walnut Grove for the past ten years) to ABC Waste, because EZ recently raised its monthly fee from $2,000 to $2,500 a month, wherea
