2017高一英语定语从句巩固练习.doc

1、1定语从句巩固练习 2017.9定语从句：先行词+关系词(关系代词/ 关系副词)+从句第一部分 关系代词 who, whom, which, that, whose, as用关系词来代替一个名词/代词用关系词引导定语从句,并将从句放在所修饰词之后.关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分(主,宾,表,定,状) P8指物: that, which, as指人:who, whom, that, as 关系代词指人的,物的:whose指时间:when指地点:where 关系副词指原因:why一、关系代词的用法1、who 指人，在定语从句中做主语，宾语，表语The player _ won the most g

2、old medals was David.The boy _ we saw was Johns brother.Jack is no longer the lazy boy _ he used to be.2、whom 指人，作宾语The person _ you should ask is Mr. Ball.3、which 指物，作主语，宾语Fruit trees _ once grew in China can be found in many parts of the world.The gold medal _ she won has been donated.4、that 既可指人也

3、可指物。指人，相当于 who/ whom, 指物，相当于 which.The woman_ I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.Rice is a very useful plant _ can be prepared in many ways.The report _ he handed in was about education.5、whose 指某人的 （= of whom）,指某物的（=of which）,在定语从句中作定语。I know the person _ company produces compu

4、ters.= the company _ _ produces computers.= _ _ the company produces computers.The classroom _ door is broken will soon be repaired.= the door _ _ is broken will soon =_ _ the door is broken will soon 6、as 引导定语从句，用法同 that, 但是先行词必须被 the same, such, so 修饰。Such stamps _ you have collected are valuable.

5、I have the same book _ you have.二、关系副词 when , where, why （可改写成介词+关系代词）1、when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I will never forget the day _ (= _ _ )I joined the army.2、where 指地点，作地点状语Shanghai is the city _ (=_ _ )Liu Xiang was born.23、why 指原因，作原因状语The reason _ (= _ _) she was late is quite clear.三、一些重要的使用原则。1、从句谓语的单

6、复数。This is one of the books which _ written by Lu Xun.This is the only one of the boys who _ learned French.2、选择关系词时，要看先行词在从句中充当什么成分The days _ people spent singing and playing music are gone._ people sang and played music are gone.The reason _ he told us is unbelievable. _ he lied to us is unbelieva

7、ble.The factory _ he visited was run by Mr. Black._ he worked was run by Mr. Black.3、被关系词所代替的部分不可在从句中重复出现。The company where he works there is a large one.This is the school which we visited it last Sunday.4、用 that 不用 which 的几种情况。1） 先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything, none,

8、 one 等。All _ can be done has been done.We are ready to do something _ is helpful to others.2) 先行词被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no 等修饰。I have read all the books _ you gave me.3) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。This is the first action _ we should take.It is the most interesting film _ I have seen.4) 先行词被 th

9、e only, the very, the same, the last 修饰。It is the only present _ she gave me.This is the very job _ is suitable to you.5) 先行词既有人又有物We talked about things and persons _ we remembered.The house and its owners _ you talked about are what we want to know about.6)在以 who/which 开头的句子中，用 that 以避免重复Who is th

10、e man _ you were talking about?Which is the desk _ belongs to me?5、用 which, 不用 that 的几种情况1）介词之后不用 thatThis is the room in _ he lived for 20 years.2) 非限制性定语从句，不用 thatI improved a lot in studies, _ made my parents pleased.3) 指示代词 that 后，不用 that 以避免重复6、用 who 不用 that 指人的情况1） 先行词是 one, ones, anyone, ever

11、ybody, those 等Those _ want to go on an outing please sign up here.3Anyone _ breaks the rule should be punished.2) there be 句型中There are many young men _ like X-games.7、保持主句完整性，即定语从句要有先行词作修饰对象、Is this company _ he set up?Is this the company _ he set up?We live in _ is called Yangzhou.A. that B. what

12、C. a place D. the one8、whose 引导的定语从句三种表达方式Whose + n. = _ = _The house _ is red is mine.A. its color B. color of which C. the whose color D. of which the color9、the way定语从句，表示 “做的方式”He hated the way _ she spoke to him.I like the way _ you think of to solve the problem.10、定语从句中含有插入语 “sb think/ expect/

13、 imagine”时I saw a girl _ I thought was my schoolmate.Give the prize to the person _ you think has the best performance.Will Dave be the lucky one _ you expect the headmaster will select?A. who B. whom C. that D. which11、the reason (why/ that/ 不填 ) “的原因”He could not give the reason _ he did not atten

14、d the meeting.I dont believe the reason _ he gave for his being late.12、介词+关系代词1）I dont know the person _ my teacher shook hands with.= _ _ my teacher shook hands.2) 有些固定的动词短语不能拆开。（如 look for, look after, take care of）This is the pencil that Ma Lin is looking for.3) This is the house _ / _ _ Chairma

15、n Mao lived.Everyone knows the reason _ / _ _ it was built.I still remember the day _ / _ _ we visited the temple.定语从句第二部分：介词+关系代词; which/ whom/ whose关系副词; when/ where/ why非限制性定语从句,易混淆句型一、介词+关系代词 which/ whom/ whose 引导的定语从句41、先看一些例子:This is a question. We have much discussion about the question合并This

16、 is a question _ we have much discussion about.=This is a question _ _ we have much discussion.He is the man. I talked with him just now. He is the man _ I talked with just now.= He is the man _ _ I talked just now.I made friends with a boy. The parents of the boy were teachers. I made friends with

17、a boy the parents of _ were teachers.= of _ the parents were teachers.(此结构代替 whose)We will visit the manager. My friend works in his company.We will visit the manager in _ company my friend works.I received two birthday cakes. The smaller of the two cakes was a fruit cake.I received two birthday cak

18、es, the smaller of _ was a fruit cake.= of _ the smaller was a fruit cake.The old lady has three sons. All of her sons treat her very well.The old lady has three sons, all of _ treat her very well.I bought some books from the bookstore. Five of these books were English novels.I bought some books fro

19、m the bookstore, five of _ were English novels.She has six children. The cleverest of her children is John. She has six children, the cleverest of _ is John.I often got up at six. By that time it is still very dark in winter. I often got up at six, by _ time it is still very dark in winter.2、小结:介词+w

20、hich/ whom/ whose 引导的定语从句1）在介词后，指人,用_, 指物,用_, 指人的或物的,用_ .2）介词后, 不能用_, _.3）一些固定的短语,不能拆开,即介词不能提前.如 look after, look for, take care of.He is the patient who/ that we take care of. 此处 of 不提前.3、练习:1）用适当的介词和关系代词填空.Have you met the person _ whom he was speaking?He is the man _ whom you should give your tha

21、nks.This is the tree _ which we play games.The gas _ which we cant live is called oxygen.The animal _ _ scientists are interested is not completely known.5The pen _ _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.2）翻译句子.This is the ring _(他花 1000 元买的).They live in a house, _ (前面有一个池塘的).There are four stude

22、nts in the classroom, _(他们都在用功)China has thousands of islands, _(其中最大的是台湾)3）选择正确答案.Mr li has three daughters, _, luckily for him, works as a doctor.A. none of whom B. one of whomC. either of whom D. all of whomIn the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. whoC.

23、 from whom D. to whomDo you know the man _ ?A. whom I spoke B. to who I spokeC. I spoke to D. that I spokeIs that exhibition _ they visited Sunday?Is that the exhibition _ they visited Sunday?A. where B. that C. in which D. the oneI have two brothers, _ are doctors.I have two brothers, and _ are doc

24、tors.A. both of them B. both of whomC. neither of whom D. each of whomAlec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A, with him B. who C. with whom D. whomHe lived in London for 3 months, during _ time he learned some English.A. this B. which C. that D. sameThe E

25、nglish play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which二、关系副词 when, where, why1、用法用 when 时,先行词指时间.I still remember the day when I first came to this school用 where 时,先行词指地点,This is the farm where we worked when we were young.用 why 时，

26、先行词指原因（ reason）Tom couldnt give teacher the reason why he was late.2、注意关系词的选择，应该看先行词在定语从句中做什么成分The days _ we worked together will never be forgotten.Xiao Li remember the day _ is his sons birthday.The time _ we spent together was very wonderful.This is the school _ we visited 5 years ago.The school

27、_ we worked is gone.She has gone home _ she will stay for a week.6I dont know the reason _ he didnt come.She didnt believe the reason _ I gave her for my being late this morning.3、when, where, why 可以根据具体情况改写成介词+which翻译句子。你还记得我们让你负责的那一天吗？我经常想起我看到飞碟的那一刻。上海是他出生的城市吗？警方搜查了那个小偷待过的房子。我不知道教室如此脏的原因。4、 当 poin

28、t, situation, case 等词做先行词表示“情况，境地，场合，案例”等意思时，其后的关系词常用where, where 在句中做状语。Can you think of a situation_this phrase can be used?你能否想出一个能使用这个短语的语境？Her illness has developed to a point _nobody can cure her.她的病已经发展到无人能治疗的地步了。In recently years, there are more and more cases _ children are spoiled by their

29、 parents or grandparents.近年来，孩子们被父母祖父母宠坏的案例越来越多了。三.非限制性定语从句1、一些例子His brother, _ is now an officer, always encourages him to work hard.The engineer, _ I met in the office, is my fathers friend.The books, all of _ have pictures, are written well.The exam will not be given until next week, _ we will ha

30、ve gone all the lessons.We walked down the village street, _ they were having market today.She made great progress in studies, _ pleased her parents._ is known to all(众所周知), China has a long history.2、小结非限制性定语从句，形式上用逗号同主句隔开。关系词不可以省略。对先行词的限制性不强，如果去掉从句，主句的意思不受很大影响。指人时，主格用_,宾格用_, 指物，用_,指代主句，用_或_.3、whic

31、h 和 as 都可以指代主句He turned out to be very successful, which was more than we could expect.As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.They won the game, as we had expected.区别：1) as 引导的定语从句可以放主句前，或主句后；which 只能放主句后。72）as 译为“正如那样”，which 译为“ 这一点，这件事”。3）as 从句

32、与主观愿望相符，which 与主观愿望有可能不相符。4）as 多用与这些习惯用语中：as we all know=as is known to all 众所周知as we expected 正如我们所预料的那样as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样as has been said before 如上所述4、用适当的关系词填空,完成下列非限制性定语从句。I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a g

33、reat effect on my later life._ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.The stories, _ _ this is one example, are well written.The engine is design

34、ed by Engineer Wang, _ son is a college student.Air, _ we breathe every day, is necessary to life.四.区别 it 形式主语,强调句型,同位语从句,状语从句和定语从句1、一些例子It is on Sunday that we will meet.(强调句型)It was Sunday when we met.（状语从句）Its known to all that Taiwan is part of China.（真正的主语从句）As is known to all, Taiwan is part o

35、f China.（定语从句）I got a message that she would be late. (同位语从句)I got a message that said she would be late. （定语从句）补充说明-强调句型陈述句：It is/ was that/ who .一般疑问句：Is/Was it that/who?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ is/was it that/who?原句：Recently she ordered a book on the Internet.1)强调主语：It was she that/who ordered a book on the

36、Internet recently. 疑问句：Was it she that/ who ordered a book?特殊疑问句: Who was it that ordered a book ?2)强调宾语：It was a book that she ordered on the Internet recently.疑问句:Was it a book that she ordered ?特殊疑问句：What was it that she ordered ?3)强调地点状语：It was on the Internet that she ordered a book recently.疑问

37、句：特殊疑问句：4）强调时间状语：It was recently that she ordered a book on the Internet.疑问句：特殊疑问句：补充说明-同位语从句例子：8They were worried about the fact that you were sick.He had a feeling that his daughter was not lying.The order soon came that all soldiers should draw back.The fact that she had some knowledge of wine su

38、rprised us.同位语从句和它的同位语 是平等的关系，不存在修饰关系。一般用 that 来引导同位语从句，that 在同位语从句中只起引导作用，不做成分。这一点和定语从句不同，也是判断的依据。that 一般不省略。2、小结主语从句：可以将形式主语 it 去掉，将真正的主语从句移到主语位置，看是否通顺。强调句型：去掉 it, is/was, that/who 三个词后，剩下的成分应该是个结构完整的句子。定语从句：关系词必须取代先行词在定语从句里充当一个成分。同位语从句: that 引导, 在句中不充当任何成分, 一般不省略. 3、练习_ was in China _ he got to k

39、now the art of tea._ was China _ he got to know the art of tea._ was expected _ our team won the championship._ was expected, _ our team won the championship.( )1.Carol said the work would the done by October, _personally I doubt (怀疑) very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which( )2.Dorothy is always s

40、peaking highly of her role (角色) in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what( )3.John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _was true.A. he B. this C. which D. who( )4.The film brought the hours back to me, _ I was taken good care of in that far-away

41、 village.A. until B. that C. when D. where( )5._ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What ( )6.The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which( )7.York,_last year, is a nice old city. A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which visited( )8.George Orwell, _was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (2004)A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name