1、大学英语精读_双语 4 (10)Unit Ten第十单元Text课文Do you view work as a burden or an opportunity?你认为工作是一个负担还是一个机会？Are you the kind of person who looks for ways to save your energy or the kind that finds spending your energy satisfing?你是那种寻找方法去储存能量的人还是认为消耗能力感到满意的人呢？Why do people like to complain about work?为什么人们喜欢抱怨
2、工作？Find the answers to questions like these in the following essay.在下面的文章里找出像这样问题的答案。WHY PEOPLE WORK人为什么工作Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.职业和工作在使人得到幸福与满足方面所起的任用比我们大多数人意识到的要多得多。Were all used to thinking that work provides the material things of
3、life-我们都习惯认为工作为人生提供物质的东西the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization.提供使我们的现代文明成为可能的商品和服务。But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible,但是我们对工作在促进精神生活方面所起的作用，则知之甚少。这方面的作用难以捉摸。but more crucial,却更加至关重要，psychological well-being that can mak
4、e the difference between a full and an empty life.它是人生过得充实还是空虚的决定性因素。Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment.在历史上，工作一直与奴役、罪恶和惩罚联系在一起。And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints:现今我们还常常听到那些老一套的怨言：“I cant wait for my vacation,“我巴不得早点放假” ，“I w
5、ish I could stay home today,“今天我要是呆在家里该多好” ，“My boss treats me poorly,“我的老板待我不好” ，“Ive got too much work to do and not enough time to do it.“我的事情多得来不及做”等等。Against this backgroud,在这种情况下，it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to ac
6、cept the positive contribution of work to the individuals happiness and sense of personal achievement.当你得悉心理学家们以及其他的行为科学家们都认为，工作对个人幸福和个人成就起着积极作用，你很可能会感到惊奇。Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; 对大多数人来说，工作不仅仅是一种必需，it is the focus of their lives,它还是人们生活的焦点，the source of their identity an
7、d creativity.是他们的个性和创造性的源泉。Rather than a punishment or a burden,工作不是惩罚，也不是负担，work is the opportunity to realize ones potential.工作为个人潜在能力的发挥提供机会。Many psychiatrists heading mental health clinics have observed its healing effect.许多精神病诊所的主治医生观察到工作的治疗作用。A good many patients who feel depressed in clinics
8、gain renewed self-confidence when gainfully employed and lose some,许许多多在诊所显得精神抑郁的病人。一旦受聘从事有一定收益的工作时，便重新获得自信，并失去部分if not all, of their most acute symptoms.（如果不是全部的话）最严重的症状。Increasingly, institutions dealing with mental health problems are establishing workshops where in those too sick to get a job in
9、 “outside“ industry can work,越来越多的处理精神问题的机构建立起工场，病情过重在“外面的”工厂里找不到工作的病人，可以在那里工作。while every dffort is exerted to arrange “real“ jobs for those well enough to work outside.与此同时，这些机构还竭尽全力为那些身体条件尚可在外面工作的人，安排“真正的”工作。And the reverse is ture,too.反过来也是一样。For large numbers of people,对许多人来说，the absence of wor
10、k is harmful to their health.没有工作反而对他们的健康有害。Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the “What to do I do with myself?“ question,退休也常常带来“今后我该怎样生活才好？”之类的话，even though there may be no financial cares.尽管没有引起经济上的忧虑。Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends
11、when they dont have their jobs to go to,许多人一到周末便产生头痛及其他不适因为他们不上班，and must fend for themselves.而且必须自行安排生活。It has been observed that unemployment,人们还观察到，quite aside form exerting financial pressures,失业除了产生经济压力之外，brings enormous psychological troubles and that many individuals deteriorate rapidly when
12、jobless.还造成许多心理上的病痛，很多人一旦失业，身体便迅速恶化。But why?这是为什么呢？Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction?为什么工作竟然是人们获得满足的如此重要的源泉呢？A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job,最主要的答案就在于，你能有一种自豪感基于工作，by the activity of accomplishing.和通过工作取得的成就。Pride i
13、n Accomplishment对成就的自豪The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished,人们渴求取得成功，of being able to do things,渴望有能力办成事情，with his hand, with his mind, with his will. 用自己的手，用自己的脑，凭自己的意志。Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that serves as a tribu
14、te to our inherent abilities.我们每个人都希望能够做出有意义、并能显示出自己天赋的事来。It is easiest to see this in the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or both.这一点最容易在工匠身上看出来。他深情地将某一种价值不高的材料做成一件或者是有用，或是美观，或是两者兼备的东西。You can see the carpenter or bricklayer st
15、and aside and admire the product of his personal skill.你可以看到木匠或砖瓦匠常站到一边，欣赏自己的产品。But even where there is no obvious end product that is solely attributable to one persons skill,即使在没有明显的最终产品可以显示个人专长的场合，researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment.研究人员还发现，雇员们也对工作成就感到自豪。Our own res
16、earch in hospitals suggests that even the houskeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people-我们自己在医院的调查表明，即便勤杂人员和洗衣房的职工，也对自己的工作引以为荣，他们通过自身的工作协助治好了病人and thus accomplishing a good deal.因而也就作出了不少成绩。Were often misled by the complaints surrou
17、nding difficult work;我们常常被抱怨工作困难的言论所误导。deep down most people regard their own capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique personality.在内心深处，多数人把自己善于解决棘手问题的本领看作个人的出众之处。Complaining is just part of working.发牢骚也是工作的一部分。After all, how else fo you know who you are,说到底，如果你不显示出驾驭自己言行的能
18、力，except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mind to control you limbs and hands and words?那你还有什么别的办法来认识你自己呢？You are, in significant measure, what you can do.在很大程度上，你就是你所能成就的事情。Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy,有些人误认为人们喜欢积蓄精力，to rest and save themselves as mu
19、ch as possible.喜欢休息，并尽可能保养自己。Just the opposite.事实恰恰相反。It is energy expenditure that is satisfying.消耗精力才真正给人以满足。Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his or her job is at some central point in a communications network:试看一位因其工作处于某个通信网络的中心位置必须与无数的其他人打交道的雇员。a salesman
20、at a busy counter, a stock broker on the phone,一个繁忙柜台上的售货员，一个手不离电话的股票经纪人，a customer representative.或是一个客户代理人，They will tell you how much skill and experience it takes to answer countless questions and handle various kinds of personalities every hour of the day.他们会告诉你，每时每刻回答无数个问题以及应付各种各样的人物该需要怎样的本领和经
21、验。Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours,不是每个人都能以这样的韧性长时间地与人周旋的。but those who do, 但是能够这样做的人，pride themselves on a distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.都为自己具有出众才能，能对所在单位的运转作出巨大贡献而感到自豪。But work is more than accomplishment and pri
22、de in being able to command the job,但是工作不光是成就和能够胜任工作的自豪，because except for a few craftsmen and artists most work takes place “out in the world,“ with and through other people.因为除了少数工匠和艺术家的工作而外，大部分工作在“外面”进行的，是与别人合作或通过别人来完成的。Esprit de corps团体精神Perhaps an example will make the point:或许一个例子就能把这点说明白。I re
23、member viewing a half dozen men in a chair factory whose job it was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result.我记得曾在一家椅子厂见过 6个工人，他们的工作是将几根钢管弯曲并组成一把折椅。While there were ten or twelve of these “teams“ that worked together,虽然同在一起工作的有 10个或 20个这样的“组” ，one in parti
24、cular was known for its perfect coordination and lightning-like efforts.有一个组因配合默契、动作神速而特别有名。The men knew they were good.这班人深知自己能干。They would work in spurts for twenty or thirty minutes before taking a bread-他们常常要猛干二三十分钟才肯休息一会儿to show themselves,以便向自己、bystanders and other groups what it was to be sup
25、erbly skilled and self-controlled,向旁观者以及向其它班组展示技术高超、善于自我克制的to be the best in the factory.全厂最佳的班组是一个什么样儿。When I talked with them,当我与他们交谈时，each expressed enormous pride in being a part of the fastest,best team.他们每个人都为自己是最快最好的班组的一员而深感自豪。And this sense of belonging to an accomplished work group is one o
26、f the distinctive satisfactions of the world of work.这种自己属于一个有娴熟技巧的班组的意识，是工作带来的最突出的满足感之一。One further word about work group satisfactions.关于从工作班组中获得满足还要再讲一点。Unlike many other aspects of life,与生活中许多其它方面不同的是，relationships among people at work tend to be simpler,工作不员之间的关系趋于简单，less complicated, somewhat
27、less emotional.不那么复杂，且较少感情色彩。This is not to say there arent arguments and jealousies,这不是说工作中，没有争论、嫉妒。but, on the whole, 但总的来讲，behavioral research discloses that human relations at work are just easier,行为科学研究揭示，工作中人与人之间较好相处。perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adj
28、ust to than the sporadic,这或许是因为工作上的人际关系较有规律，更易于预料，因此更容易协调，the more intense and less regular relationships in the community.而在社会上，人与人之间的关系是断断续续的，比较紧张，而且较少有规律可循。And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one another so that the “rough edges“ are worked off because p
29、eople know they must do certain things with and through one another each day.另外，工作班组也会对其成员稍稍施加压力，促使他们学会相互协调，消除“摩擦” ，Beyond the team and the work group,在工作组、组之上，there is the organization,又有更高的一级的知识，whether it be company or hospital or university.它或许是公司、医院，或许是大学。The same pride in being part of a well-
30、coordinated,在一个更大的集体中工作，successful unit is derived from being part of a larger collectivity.如同在一个配合默契的成功的单位工作一样，其成员也能获得同样的自豪。Working for a company that is thought of as being one of the best in the community can provide employees with both status and selfconfidence.在一个被公认为是社会上最好的公司中工作，可以给雇员带来社会地位和自信
31、心。They assume, usually with good reason,他们常常不无道理地认为，that others regard them more highly, even envy them,别人更加看重他们，甚至羡慕他们。and that they are more competent than the average because of this association with a “winner,“a prestigious institution.他们也自认比普通人更能干。因为他们一个是与一个“胜利者” ，一个有威望的机构联系在一起的。We in truth bas
32、k in the reflected glory of the institution,事实上，我们常常沉浸在这种机构所折射出的荣誉里洋洋自得，and we seek ways of asserting our membership so that others will know and can recognize our good fortune.我们还想设法表明自己的这种身份，以使别人了解并承认自己的好运气。New Words新单词contentment n.满足civilization n.文明intangible a.触摸不到的crucial a.决定性的，关键的pschologic
33、al a.心理的historically ad.历史上的associate vt.联想slavery n.奴隶制度；奴隶身份sin n.罪孽punishment n.惩罚complaint n.抱怨behavioral a.行为的contribution n.捐献，贡献，投稿necessity n.必需品；必要性focus n.焦点creativity n.创造性clinic n.门诊部，临床heal v.治愈，愈合，痊愈depressed a.精神抑郁的，情绪沮丧的depress vt.使沮丧，使消沉，压下，压低，使不活泼，使萧条renew vt.使更新gainfully ad.有利益地，有
34、收入地acute a.严重的，急性的symptom a.症状institution n.公共机构workshop n.车间；工场wherein conj.在何处，在其中exert vt.尽力reverse n.相反，背面absence n.不在，缺席，缺乏，没有harmful a.有害的，伤害的retirement n.退休financial a.财政的；金融的weekend n.周末，周末休假fend vi.供养；照料unemployment n.失业，失业人数 significant a.重大的significance n.意义，重要性satisfaction n.满足satisfacto
35、ry a.满意的，赎罪的accomplished a.有才艺的；有造诣的tribute n.贡品，礼物，颂词，殷勤，贡物inherent a.内存的，生来的craftsman n.手艺人， （名）工匠bricklayer n.砖匠attributable a.可归因于的attribute vt.把归因为housekeeping n.家政staff n.（全体）员工capacity n.能力；容量tough a.艰巨的unique a.独特的linb n.肢，翼opposite n.对立面，对立物countless a.无数的，数不尽的broker n.经纪人，掮客stock broker n.
36、证券经纪人representative n.代表interact vi.相互作用persistence n.坚持，持续persist vi.坚持distinctive a.特殊的；与众不同的mightily ad.强烈地，非常地esprit de corps n.团体精神，集体荣誉感coordination n.协调coordinate vt.调整，整理lightning 闪电bystander n.旁观者superbly ad.雄伟地，壮丽地aspect n.方面relationship n.关系disclose vt.揭示sporadic a.零星发生的，偶尔的collectivity n
37、.集体collective a.集体的status n.地位，身份envy vt.羡慕；妒忌winner n.胜利者，优胜者，获胜的事物prestigious a.有声望的bask vi.（舒适地）取暖，享受reflect vt.反射；反映assert vt.宣称，断言membership n.成员资格，成员人数 Phrases & Expressions短语associate with把与联系在一起rather than 胜于fend for oneself照料自己；自行谋生aside from 除了以外long for 渴望take pride in 为而感到得意store up 储存，储备pride oneself on以自豪make the point证明一个论点make ones point证明一个论点in particular特别at work在工作，在运转on the whole大体上，基本上work off 除去，清除
