1、第 1 页 版权所有 不得复制1. adjustment n.调整, 调节【例句】The company made an adjustment in my salary.公司对我的薪金作了调整。Some reasonable adjustments seem desirable.某些合理的调整似乎是可取的。【用法】 adjust vt. 不合适的 , 不适宜的 【例句】You look very unfit. 你看上去体格不佳。The food was unfit for human consumption.这种食物不适于人吃。The water is unfit to drink. 这水不适
2、宜饮用。【拓展】match, suit, fitmatch 多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。Its difficult to match the color of old paint. 很难找到和旧画颜色相配的色彩。suit 多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。This candidate does not suit our qualifications. 这个候选人不符合我们的限定条件。Does this time suit you? 这个时间适合您吗？fit 多指尺寸、形状合适。The coat fits me well, but the style doesnt suit m
3、e.这件大衣尺寸上很适合我，但是款式不适合我。3. urge vt.力劝; 敦促; 催促；鼓励; 极力主张; 大力推荐 【例句】She urged my going to see him immediately. 她劝我立即去看他。He urged the necessity for immediate action.他强烈要求立即采取行动。He urged leaving. 他极力主张离去。We all urged him to go ahead with his plan.我们都鼓励他实施他的计划。【用法】urge 后面可以接名词、动名词，不定式的复合结构，如果是接从句的话就要用“shou
4、ld+动词原形”的虚拟语气。4. accomplish 完成, 实现, 做成功；达到(目的)【例句】My grandmother has accomplished the age of 97 years of her life.我祖母已达 97 岁高龄。This task is accomplished by great effort.这项任务是经过巨大努力才完成的。5. devotion n.奉献, 献身, 忠诚 第 2 页 版权所有 不得复制【例句】His devotion to the cause of education is well-known.他对教育事业的献身精神是众所周知的。
5、【拓展】devote vt. 投入；献身He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。【考查点】devote to 献身于；专心于在 devote to短语中，to 是介词，后面接名词或动词 -ing。常见的类似短语还有：pay attention to（注意）stick to（坚持）lead to（导致）preferto（相比于更喜欢）look forward to（盼望）6. regret vt. (对 )遗憾；惋惜 n. （
6、既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词）遗憾；惋惜【例句】If you go now, you ll regret it. 假若你现在就走, 你一定会后悔。I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了。【用法】regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/ 告诉/宣布/ 通知 regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事regret that 遗憾/后悔7. attain vt. 正是的【例句】A scientist must be precise in maki
7、ng tests.科学家做试验必须精确。At the precise moment that I put my foot on the step, the bus started.恰好就在我登上公共汽车台阶的时候, 车开动了。11. incident n.发生的事, 小插曲；敌对行动, 军事冲突， （两国间的）摩擦，冲突【例句】The incident suddenly came to my memory. 我忽然想起了那件事。The Lugouqiao Incident broke out in 1937. 卢沟桥事变在 1937 年爆发。 【拓展】accident 与 incidentac
8、cident 是“意外事” 。通常指偶然发生的不幸事件或事故；incident 是“事情”或“事件”，它既可以指日常生活中的琐事，也可以指外交、政治方面的重大事件。12. routine n.例行公事, 惯例, 惯常的程序；日常工作，日常事务【例句】The security men changed their usual routine and collected the money at a different time.保安人员改变了他们通常的做法, 在不同的时间取款。Martin found the hospital routine slightly dull.马丁发现医院的日常工作有点
9、儿乏味。13. reckon vt.猜想; 估计；思忖; 设想；考虑; 认为【例句】Reckon the cost before you decide.先算一下费用, 然后再作决定。I reckon that he will come soon.我想他很快就会来。I reckon that he is old enough.我认为他的年龄已经够大了。She has always been reckoned as clever.大家一直认为她是个聪明人。14. thirst n. （口）渴；渴感；长期的干渴；渴望；渴求This kind of work gives me a thirst. 这种
10、工作使我感到口渴。The soldiers died of thirst in the desert. 士兵们在沙漠中因干渴而死亡。He had a great thirst for knowledge. 他渴求知识。【拓展】thirst v. thirst for 渴求thirsty adj. 口渴，渴求We all thirst for peace. 我们都渴求和平。第 4 页 版权所有 不得复制15. tear 1） vt. (使)分裂; 撕碎; 扯破; 戳破 【例句】This material tears easily. 这种料子很容易撕破。I tore my coat this mo
11、rning. 今天早上我把上衣撕破了。 2）n. 眼泪, 泪水【例句】The childs tears melted his determination. 孩子的眼泪使他的决心动摇了。【拓展】tear sth. into pieces 把撕成碎片16. adequate adj.适当的, 足够的; 差强人意的【例句】The supply is not adequate to the demand. 供不应求。I am sure to prove adequate to the job. 我一定会证明自己能胜任这项工作。The skaters technique was only adequat
12、e.滑冰者的技术只能说是差强人意。17. celebration n.庆祝；庆祝会(仪式) The celebration of Christmas is a custom. 庆祝圣诞节是一种习俗。The celebration passed off successfully. 庆祝活动圆满结束。【拓展】congratulate / celebrate congratulate 对他人表示祝贺，侧重以言语表示祝贺。celebrate 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情。侧重指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等。【例句】The teacher cannot tolerate eati
13、ng on the class.老师不容许在课堂上吃东西。She can tolerate that rude fellow. 她能容忍那个粗鲁的家伙。【拓展】 bear / endure / stand / tolerate bear 强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力，常用于否定句中。endure 意为“经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服” ，强调持久力和意志坚强，常用于否定句中。stand 强调不屈不挠或经受得起，常用于否定句中。tolerate 意为“忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗” ，语气最弱，可用于肯定句和否定句。19. correspond vi.相符合, 相一致；通信 【
14、例句】These goods dont correspond with my order. 这些货物与我的订货单不符。The two sisters correspond every week. 这两姐妹每周通信。20. recover vt.恢复; 重新获得, 找回；vi.恢复健康( 体力、能力等)【例句】He never recovered his money. 他没有找回丢失的钱。 Hope you recover soon. 祝你早日康复。注意：recover vi. 用作“ 痊愈”时, 句子主语通常是人。improve 改善, 此词无“治疗”或“痊愈”之意。句意为：过了很长时间我手上
15、的伤口才痊愈。（二）重点短语第 5 页 版权所有 不得复制短语学习1. in reality 实际上,事实上【例句】We thought he was serious but in reality he was joking.我们以为他是认真的, 但实际上他是在开玩笑。【拓展】近义词或短语：actually, in fact, as a matter of fact 2. at the mercy of 任摆布, 在面前毫无办法 【例句】The enemy were at the mercy of us.敌人在我们面前毫无办法。The ship was at the mercy of the
16、wind and the waves. 那艘船任由风浪摆布。The picnic was at the mercy of the weather. 去不去野餐要由天气决定。【拓展】beg for mercy 求饶punish without mercy 严惩不贷show mercy to sb. 对某人表示宽大( 仁慈) 3. set loose 释放；出发,使爆炸,引起,(使) 开始(做某事)【例句】Prisoners of war were all set loose. 战俘全部被释放。I set loose the bird, and it immediately flew away.
17、我松开那只鸟，它便立刻飞走了。His resignation set loose a flood of rumors as to who his successor would be. 他的辞职引起了一大堆关于谁将接替他的传闻。4. out of respect 出于尊敬【例句】Out of respect, he took off his hat. 他脱帽以示敬意。She did it out of respect for her teacher. 她这么做是出于对老师的尊敬。【拓展】 “out of+名词”的短语out of breath 上气不接下气out of control 失去控制
18、out of date 过期，过时out of order 出故障out of place 不在合适的位置out of question 毫无疑问out of sight 看不见out of touch 失去联系out of work 失业5. owe.to 把归功于；欠【例句】I should owe my success to my parents education.我应该把我的成功归功于父母的教育。How much should I owe you? 我该付给您多少钱？【拓展】owing to 由于，类似的短语：because of /due to /thanks to /on acc
19、ount of /as a result of He was injured due to /owing to a car accident. 由于交通事故他受伤了。His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience. 他的失败是由于他缺乏经验。The train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow. 由于大雪火车晚点了。It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game. 由于你的愚蠢我们输掉了比赛。
20、6. talk.into 说服；劝说某人做某事【例句】He talked me into changing my job. 他劝说我换一下工作。第 6 页 版权所有 不得复制She tried to talk him into staying. 她设法劝他待下去。【拓展】同义短语：persuade sb. into doing, persuade sb. to do（三）重点语法句子的成分I. 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。II. 主语： 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位
21、于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。【例如】During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pl
22、easure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）III. 谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1. 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成
23、。【例句】 He practices running every morning.2. 复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。【例句】You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。【例句】We are students.IV. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。【例句】
24、Our English teacher is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one.（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The t
25、ruth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）V. 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。【例句】第 7 页 版权所有 不得复制They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday. （名词）The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework
26、yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that ） he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类 ：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）【例句】Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）【例句】They elected him their monitor.VI. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整
27、。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make 等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。【例句】His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.
28、（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）VII. 定语： 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made me surprised.（代词）O
29、ur monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go
30、there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
