1、1第一单元 旅游青岛坐落于山东半岛南部，依山临海，天姿秀美，气候凉爽，人称“东方瑞士”。白天，青岛宛如镶嵌在黄海边的绿宝石。夜里则像一只在大海中摆动的摇篮。难怪很多人乐意来这里疗养。Qingdao, known as the “Switzerland of the Orient”, is situated on the southern tip of Shandong Peninsula. Wedged between hills and waters, the city is endowed with a beautiful scenery and a delightful climate.
2、 By day, she looks like a green gem inlaid in the coastline of the Yellow Sea and, at night, a cradle rocking upon the sea waves. No wonder so many people come to seek rest and relaxation.Xian, Taian孔子 Confucius孙中山 Sun Yat-sen蒋介石 Chiang Kai-shek2长江 the Yangtze River西藏 Tibet松花江 the Sungari River拉萨布达拉
3、宫 the potala Palace of Lasa泰山 Mount Tai中国日报 China Daily北京周报 Beijing Review政协 Chinese Peoples Public Consultative Conference民盟 China Democratic League国务院办公厅 General Office of the State Council中华全国总工会 All- China Federation of Trade Unions 茶馆 Teahouse避暑胜地 summer resort彩塑 color sculpture茶楼 teahouse出土文物
4、unearthed cultural relics工艺精湛 exquisite workmanship古建筑群 ancient architectural complex桂林山水甲天下 Guilin scenery tops in 3the world 婚丧嫁娶风俗 the local conditions and customs of wedding and funeral金刚 the Guardians锦绣大地 a land of splendors景色如画 picturesque view举世闻名的旅游景观 world-renowned attractions孔庙祭典 a memoria
5、l ceremony at Confucius Temple旅游景点 tourist attraction, scenic spot, tourist destination, places of tourist attraction, resort民间艺术节 folklore festival民俗风情 folklore, folk customs名胜古迹 places of historical interest, relics and scenic beauty品尝风味小吃 taste the food of local taste人文景观 places of historic figur
6、es and cultural heritage山清水秀 beautiful mountains and 4clear waters山水风光 scenery with mountains and rivers, landscape诗情画意 a scene full of poetic and artistic conception手工艺品 handicraft, artifact水上街市 overwater market丝绸之路 the Silk Road/ Route唐三彩 tricolor-grazed pottery, ceramics of the Tang Dynasty藤桥 can
7、e bridge体验异国风情 experience the obvious exotic atmosphere土特产 special local products外汇年收入 annual foreign currency earnings文房四宝 the fours stationary treasure of Chinese study including writing brushes, ink sticks, inkstones and paper 文化遗产 cultural heritage文人墨客 men of letters; writers and poets5珍禽奇兽和奇花异草
8、 unique and intriguing animals and flora中国民间艺术绝活 Chinese unique skills in folk art自然奇观 natural splendor, attraction天下第一泉 the finest spring under heaven/ in the world天下第一洞 the most spectacular cave unparalleded elsewhere in the world课后练习1.乡村旅游受到游客们的欢迎。他们能够体验乡村生活，品尝家庭制作的食品，在自然环境中好好轻松一下。Rural tours hav
9、e been welcomed by 6tourists, who can experience country life, taste home-made food and relax in natural surroundings.2.上海香格里拉大酒店位于浦东江畔，与四百六十五米高的“东方之珠”电视塔遥遥相望。Located near Pudong, Shanghai Shangri-La Hotel has a view of the 465-meter-high Oriental Pearl TV Tower.3.以文物和历史遗迹而闻名遐迩的古都西安，建设了 10 座森林公园，去年吸
10、引了八十万参观者。Xian, an ancient city well-known for its relics and historic sites, has constructed 10 forest parks, which attracted more than 800,000 visitors last year.74.天津海滨度假村近日开业，提供包括水上飞机、跳伞、海上垂钓、沙滩排球、温泉理疗、海滨戏浪在内的各种娱乐活动。The Tianjin Seaside Holiday Resort has opened to the public recently. It provides
11、 recreation activities including water planes, parachute jumping, sea fishing, beach volleyball, hot-spring physical therapy and beachcombing.5.最近中国取消了对国内外游客实行不同票价的做法，使任何人在参观景点时都享受同等待遇。China recently canceled different ticket prices for domestic and foreign tourists. Everyone can now enjoy equal tre
12、atment when they visit 8scenic spots.6 大致有两类离家出远门的人观光客和旅行者。观光客得到的是一种模拟的感受。他们享受舒适豪华，与现实世界隔绝，全然不知旅行的真谛。而旅行者则历经艰难。他们是独立自主的，囊中羞涩的，并且能够忍受各种不便。旅行的精彩正在于此。There are generally two kinds of people on the road away from home-tourists and travelers. Tourists are the ones having the simulated experience. Enjoyin
13、g comfort and luxury, sheltered from reality, they dont know what traveling is all about. Travelers, on the other hand, suffer. 9They are independent, impecunious and able to tolerate all degree of discomfort. This is travel at its best.7 中国民俗文化村是国内第一个荟萃各民族的民间、民俗风情和居民建筑于一园的大型文化旅游区。它座落在风光秀丽的深圳湾畔，占地 1
14、8万平方米。您可以在一日之内，或乘车，或步行，或乘船在村寨里尽情游历。除了可以了解各民族的建筑风格之外，还可以欣赏和参与各民族的歌舞表演、民族工艺品生产和民族风味食品制作的表演。China Folk Culture Villages, the first large culture sightseeing spots within the country, combines the populace, folk customs and popular architecture 10of each nationality excellence in a garden. Located in th
15、e scenic splendor of Shenzhen Bay, it covers an area of 180,000 square meters. You may tour around the villages by car, by boat or on foot. Not only can you get to know the architecture style of each nationality but also enjoy and participate the ethnic singing and dancing performance, as well as th
16、e making of the ethnic crafts and cuisine（烹饪，饭菜） performance.11第二单元 人物介绍周恩来的品质、人格、风范、情怀为中华民族树立了一座精神丰碑。他那种勤勤恳恳、任劳任怨、全心全意为人民服务的奉献精神；那种艰苦朴素、严于律己、心底无私、一心为公的清廉精神；那种顾全大局，不计较个人荣辱得失的牺牲精神；那种实事求是的求实精神；那种言行一致的磊落精神；那种对党、对国家和人民的高度责任感，工作一丝不苟，周密细致的精神，正是我们今天建设社会主义精神文Comment C1: Out of/in deference to sth 出于对某事的尊重12
17、明所迫切需要发扬光大的。品德 moral character人格 personality风范 style情怀 noble sentiments丰碑 a paragon勤勤恳恳 hard and diligent working 任劳任怨 hard-working without any complaint全心全意 whole-hearted奉献精神 dedication严以律己 to be strict with oneself一心为公 engrossment by the public interest顾全大局 in deference to the Comment C2: 凭良心地，认真地
18、Comment C3: 细致地13interests of the overall situation荣辱得失 honor or disgrace, gain or loss求实精神 realistic approach磊落精神 the open and upright spirit言行一致 to be as good as ones words高度责任感 high sense of responsibility一丝不苟 to be work conscientiously and meticulously周密细致 the strict and careful spirit精神文明 spiri
19、tual civilization发扬光大 to carry forwardZhou Enlais moral character, personality, style and noble sentiments 14constituted a paragon for the Chinese nation. His dedication as shown in his diligent, conscientious and hard working and whole-hearted service to the people without any complaint; his incorr
20、uptibility as shown in his plain living, being strict with himself, selflessness and engrossment by the public interest, his spirit of sacrifice as shown in his never being concerned about personal honor or disgrace, gain or loss in deference to the interests of the overall situation; his realistic
21、approach of seeking truth from facts; his open and upright spirit of being as good as his words; his high sense of responsibility to the Party, the state and the people; his strict and careful spirit of working conscientiously and meticulously- are all that we need urgently to carry forward in foste
22、ring our socialist spiritual civilization.15翻译难点：四字格词语汉语由四个字构成的词语数量很大，使用频率很高。英译时，英语无法在结构上对应四字格的要求，只能打破原文的四字格结构，再准确传递原文信息的基础上，能直译且保持原来的民族特色和形象，并为外国读者所理解，则可以直译。否则，应采用意译法，或修辞译法，将词语的基本意思译成简洁明了的英语即可。A 直译法：即根据四字成语的意义，运用对应词或者词组进行翻译的方法。16败兴而归 to come back disappointedly背道而驰 to run in the opposite direction不
23、欢而散 to part on bad terms惩前毖后，治病救人 to cure the sickness to save the patient; to learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones.大补元气 reinforce vital energy典雅大方 elegant and graceful点头哈腰 to bow and scrape独一无二 one and only光明正大 fair and square胡说八道 stuff and nonsense花色繁多 a wide selection of Comment C4: 芳香的，
24、别有风味的Comment C5: 祸福17colours and designs救死扶伤 to heal the wounded and rescue the dying滥用职权 to abuse ones power老少良伴 good companies for children as well as adults寥寥无几 few and far between浓香可口 aromatic character and agreeable taste弄巧成拙 to be too clever by half软硬适中 neither too hard nor too soft四面八方 far an
25、d near同甘共苦 share weal and woe熙熙攘攘 hustle and bustle扬长避短 Comment C6: 回避，防止18to make the best possible use of favorable conditions and avoid the unfavorable; to foster strengths and circumvent weakness.一言九鼎 ones word carries weight of nine tripods辗转反侧 to toss and turn政通人和 to be reflected by logical ad
26、ministration and harmonious people B 意译法：有些四字格词语由四个字构成一个意思，英译时可以概括地表达原意。背信弃义 perfidious病入膏肓 beyond cure19高视阔步 carry oneself proudly根深蒂固 deeply ingrained拐弯抹角 obliquely急功近利，浅尝辄止 instant success金玉其外，败絮其中 rubbish coated in gold and jade; fair without, foul within名落孙山 to fail in a competitive examination
27、 脱贫致富 poverty alleviation相得益彰 bring out the best in each other相辅相成 supplement each other相形见绌 pale by comparison相映成趣 form a delightful 20contrast小康水平 a relatively comfortable standard of living胸有成竹 absolutely confident; to have a card on ones sleeve自力更生 rely on ones own efforts; self-reliance有些四字格词语，
28、前两个字和后两个字意义上明显有重复，翻译时只译两个字的意思即可，全译反而显得累赘。半生不熟 half-cooked暴风骤雨 a violent storm笨口拙舌 awkward in speech不慌不忙 unhurried21赤手空拳 bare handed高谈阔论 to indulge in loud and empty talk破釜沉舟 to burn ones boat/ bridge轻柔松软 soft and light深仇大恨 profound hatred深情厚谊 profound feeling有些四字格词语需要重新组织表达形式，甚至运用一些典故，比如，希腊神话典故和圣经典故
29、，才能生动形象地表达原意。或者运用一些修辞手法，如隐喻，谐音，反复，使得译文能够准确地被别人所接受。22洁齿清气 cleans your breath while it cleans your teeth (repetition)竭尽全力 tooth and nail (metaphor)天网恢恢疏而不漏 Justice has long arms.(Metaphor)无米之炊 to make brick without straw严禁喧哗 to speak aloud is not allowed （homonyms）指点迷途 Ariadnes thread (Greek myth)自命不凡
30、 ambitions as Phaection (Greek myth)Supplementary vocabulary and expressions博大精深 to have extensive and 23profound ideas不骄不躁 neither arrogant nor rash操办风 to do things on a grand scale从实际出发 to be based on reality扶正压邪 to foster the good practice of upholding justice and condemning evil浮于表面 to remain on
31、 the surface假公济私 to use public office for personal gain建设有中国特色的社会主义 building socialism with Chinese characteristics讲理想，讲纪律 to foster lofty ideals and a sense of discipline脚踏两只船 to run with the hare 24and hunt with the hounds接受监督 to place themselves under the supervision旧瓶换新酒 to put the new wine in t
32、he old bottle鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已 to do ones best and devote oneself to the people and country until the last day of ones life克己奉公 to work selflessly for the public interests 克勤克俭 to be industrious and frugal 量力而行 to take no more on you than you are able to bear能上能下 to be able to take a higher or lower post as
33、 required年富力强 young and energetic25徘徊不前 waver and procrastinate破格提拔 unconventionally promote谦和致远 Fair and softly goes far.前赴后继 to advance wave upon wave强大精神动力 a powerful moral motive force亲者痛，仇者快 to grieve friends and gladden enemies群策群力 to pool the knowledge and efforts of the people仁政 a viewpoint
34、of purely benevolent government软弱涣散 flabbiness and lack of unity少讲空话，多办实事 to renounce 26empty talk in favor of practical works损公为私 to appropriate public property for ones won advantage特殊化 to seek for privileges新官上任三把火 New brooms sweep clean 行贿诈骗 bribery and swindling徇私舞弊 favoritism and cheating 言而有信
35、 to suit the action to the word炎黄子孙 descendants of Emperors Yan and Huang业绩 outstanding achievements以身作则 set a good example with ones own conduct因地制宜 to adapt to local conditions27勇往直前，义无反顾 to advance without any hesitation or misgivings扎扎实实 down-to-earth知人善任 to know their subordinates well and make
36、 good use of them自重、自制、自知之明 self-reverence; self-control; self-knowledgeFurther practice1. 但是无论前面是地雷阵，还是万丈深渊，我都将勇往直前，义无反顾，鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。2. 毛泽东通知称赞朱自清“一身重病，宁可饿死，不领美国的救济粮，表现了我们民族的英雄气概。”283. 冯韩源十岁失明，勤学苦修，六年牛津，名列前茅。4. 近年来，美国华裔科技人才辈出，成就卓著，引起国际科技界的注意和重视。5. 乔治华盛顿是一位严厉的行政官员，他笃信宗教，严守规章，是一丝不苟地严格执行纪律的军事家。6. 1946 年 8 月 19 日，威廉杰斐逊克林顿出生于阿肯色州的霍普山城。霍普的英文是“Hope”, 为“希望”之意，所以后来克林顿的支持者常常称他为“来自希望之城的人。 ”29克林顿的幼年家境非常不幸。生父布莱恩在他在他出生前 3 个月遭车祸去世。继父罗杰克林顿酗酒成性，导致家庭不和。这种经历养成了克林顿忍耐自制，善于竞争，极有主见的性格。7. 7. 在美国大选中，除了克林顿总统当选连任意外，最大的赢家可能就是华盛顿州新当选的民主党州长骆家辉。因为这是美国本土历史上第一位华裔，也是第一位中国血统的人士当选一个州的州长，所以引起舆论的高度重视。
