1、能力提升题组训练(B).阅读理解A(2018苏锡常镇调研)As countless unmade beds and unfinished homework assignments prove,kids need rules.Yet how parents make demands can powerfully influence a childs social skills,psychologists at the University of Virginia recently found after the conclusion of a study investigating the tr
2、ansition from adolescence to adulthood.Initially 184 13-year-olds filled out multiple surveys,including one to assess how often their parents employed psychologically controlling strategies,such as inducing guilt or threatening to withdraw affection.The kids rated,for example,how typical it would be
3、 for Dad to suggest that “ if I really cared for him,I would not do things that caused him to worry ” or for Mom to become “less friendly when I did not see things her way.”The researchers followed up with the subjects at ages 18 and 21,asking the young adults to bring along a close friend and,later
4、,a romantic partner if they had one.These pairs were asked to answer hypothetical (假设的) questions that were purposefully written to inspire a difference of opinion.“We wanted to see whether they could navigate a disagreement in a healthy way,”says study leader Barbara Oudekerk,now at the U.S. Depart
5、ment of Justices bureau of statistics.In the October issue of Child Development,Oudekerk and her colleagues report that the 13-year-olds who had highly controlling parents struggled in friendly disagreements at age 18.They had difficulty stating their opinions in a confident, reasoned manner in comp
6、arison to the kids without controlling parents.And when they did speak up,they often failed to express themselves in warm and productive ways.The researchers suspect that pushy parents ruin their childs ability to learn how to argue his or her own viewpoint in other relationships.Although parents do
7、 need to set boundaries,domineering strategies imply that any disagreement will damage the bond itself.Separate findings suggest that parents who explain the reasons behind their rules and turn disagreements into conversations leave youngsters better prepared for future arguments.The consequences of
8、 tense or domineering relationships appear to get worse with time.This study also found that social difficulties at 18 predicted even poorer communication abilities at age 21.Psychologist Shmuel Shulman of Bar-Ilan University in Israel,who did not participate in the work,thinks these conclusions con
9、vincingly reveal how relationship patterns “carry forward” into new friendships.1.What will happen to the teenagers with pushy parents?A.They lose social skills. B.They have trouble presenting opinions.C.They express themselves in an aggressive way.D.They fail to inspire a difference of opinion.2.Wh
10、at does the underlined word “domineering” in Paragraph 5 mean?A.alternative B.conservativeC.powerful D.forceful3.It can be inferred from the findings that parents should . A.communicate with children when setting rulesB.learn new ways to establish new friendshipsC.seek more controlling strategies D.
11、help children develop abilities to follow rules.语篇解读:本文是说明文。讲述了强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面往往比较困难,与他人沟通存在障碍。答案及剖析:1.B 细节理解题。根据第四段“They had difficulty stating their opinions.in warm and productive ways”和第五段“The researchers suspect.in other relationships” 可知强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面有困难。2.D 猜测词义题。根据画线单词后的“any disagre
12、ement will damage the bond itself,”及前一句中的“pushy”可知画线单词意为“强势的” 。3.A 推理判断题。根据第五段“Separate findings suggest.for future arguments”可知父母应与孩子交流规则背后的原因,故选 A。BAbout a quarter of the world drives on the left,and the countries that do are mostly old British colonies (殖民地) like Australia and Ireland.But Thailan
13、d,Indonesia and Japan also do so.This strange quirk (奇事) puzzles the rest of the world;however,there is a perfectly good reason.Up to the late 1700s,everybody travelled on the left side of the road because its the most sensible option for feudal (封建的),violent societies with mostly right-handed peopl
14、e.Soldiers with their swords under their right arm naturally passed on each others right,and if you passed a stranger on the road,you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between yourself and him.Revolutionary France,however,overturned this practice as part of its sweeping
15、 social rethink.A change was carried out all over continental Europe by Napoleon.It changed under Napoleon because he was left-handed.His armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent.From then on,any part of colonized by the French travelled on the rig
16、ht.After the American Revolutionary War (17751783),the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cast off all remaining links with its British colonial past.As America became the center of the car industry,if you wanted a good reliable vehicle,you bought Americ
17、an right-hand-drive cars.From then on,many countries changed out of necessity.Today,the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe,but this is no longer possible.It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round.The last European country to change driving on the right
18、was Sweden in 1967.While everyone was getting used to the new system,they paid more attention and took more care,resulting in a reduction of the number of road accidents.4.Why did people travel on the left before the late 18th century? A.They were required to do so. B.They were mostly left-handed.C.
19、It was easier to cross the street. D.They could feel safer from attacks.5.What was Napoleons attitude to walking on the left?A.Support. B.Disapproval. C.Doubt. D.Sympathy.6.For Americans,driving on the right was a way to show . A.the connection with France was brokenB.the US was no longer ruled by t
20、he UKC.the American Revolution War had endedD.America was the center of the car industry7.What is the main cause of the UK failing to adopt the new system?A.Its high costs to change. B.Its increasing traffic accidents.C.Its influence on colonies. D.Its fast-developing car industry.语篇解读:本文讲述了一些国家在左侧行
21、走的原因及部分国家后来改变这一传统的原因和 过程。答案及剖析:4.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Up to the late 1700s,everybody travelled on the left side of the road because its the most sensible option for feudal (封建的), violent societies with mostly right-handed people.及.if you passed a stranger on the road,.ensure that your protective sword ar
22、m was between yourself and him.可知,当时人们在左侧走是因为会感到更安全,故选 D。5.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中 It changed under Napoleon because he was left-handed. His armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent.可知,拿破仑对在左侧走是不赞成的,故选 B。6.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中.the US became independent and decide
23、d to make traffic drive on the right in order to cast off all remaining links with its British colonial past.可知,美国改变英国传统是想表示不再受英国统治,故选 B。7.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中 Today,the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe,but this is no longer possible.It would cost billions of pounds to chan
24、ge everything round.可知,英国没有采用右侧走是因为花费太高,故选 A。.语法填空(2018石家庄高三质检)We can always hear 1. (voice) comparing the education systems in China and the US.Its true that there exist a lot of differences,but this cannot be an excuse 2. having a passive attitude toward studying in China. When I came back from th
25、e US last year and continued my senior middle school education in China,I sensed many great differences.I thought that school in China was too hard for us students,and 3. we didnt get to do enough fun exercise except running around playgrounds together.My mom had a long talk with me.After that,I rea
26、lized that though high school life in China is harder,it can give us 4.(much).The pressure helps us learn the true meaning of competition 5. we step into society.It gives us a strong heart and 6. (teach) us to step forward no matter what the 7. (real) is.Its like climbing a mountain.You might feel d
27、izzy and nervous,but the top is always there 8. (wait) for you as long as you are strong enough 9. (take) one more step. We complain 10. (main) because we cant see the whole picture.We all need to understand that success takes efforts and tears. 答案及剖析:1.voices 考查名词复数。把中国的教育方式与美国的相比时,我们总是能听到各种声音(voic
28、es)。2.for 考查介词的用法。固定短语:excuse for 作为的借口。3.that 考查关系代词的用法。此处由 and连接两个并列宾语从句,第二个从句前的 that不可省略。4.more 考查比较级。根据上文的 is harder可知,此处表示“给予我们更多” 。故填 more。5.before 考查连词的用法。根据句意,压力让我们在进入社会之前学到了竞争的意义,可知填 before。6.teaches 考查动词的时态。It 作主语,由 and连接的两个并列谓语时态一致,此处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。填 teaches。7.reality 考查词性转换。定冠词 the后接名词,re
29、al 的名词形式为 reality。8.waiting 考查非谓语动词。此处是现在分词作伴随状语,表示主动。9.to take 考查非谓语动词。此处是 enough to do sth.结构。这里用不定式 to take作目的状语。10.mainly 考查副词。修饰动词 complain用副词形式,故填 mainly。.短文改错The word “struggle” makes me think about what I live.It reminds me a story that I cant get out of my minds.When I was a student,my teac
30、her told the class a story about “a struggling salmon”.A salmon live in the sea when it grows.It returns back to its birthplace annual to bear its baby.It is not easy for a salmon to do so because it has to swim for the current of water,so a lot die on the way back.Instead of abandon it,it struggles
31、 on and on.The lesson it teaches has affected my life. Sometimes,when I am depressing because life is difficult,I remember this story and decided to keep on struggling.答案:The word “struggle” makes me think about I live.It reminds me a story that I cant get out of my .When I was a student,my teacher
32、told the class a story about “a struggling salmon”.A salmon in the sea when it grows.It returns back to its birthplace to bear its baby.It is not easy for a salmon to do so because it has to swim the current of water,so a lot die on the way back.Instead of it,it struggles on and on.The lesson it tea
33、ches has affected my life.Sometimes,when I am because life is difficult,I remember this story and to keep on struggling.剖析:live 为不及物动词,在此应用 how引导宾语从句,在从句中作状语。remind sb. of/about sth.为固定搭配。mind是不可数名词,意为“脑海” 。A salmon作主语,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故 live改为 lives。return to someplace“回归某地”,固定搭配。annually在句中作状语。swim against the current,逆流而游。介词 of后跟 v.-ing形式作宾语。表示人情绪失落用形容词 depressed。由前文 remember可知此处时态用一般现在时,故 decided改为 decide。
