1、first现在完成时精讲和专练一 基 本 结 构 ： 助 动 词 have/has+过 去 分 词 (done) 二 句 型 ：肯 定 句 ： 主 语 +have/ has+过 去 分 词 +其 他否 定 句 ： 主 语 +have/has+not+过 去 分 词 +其 他 .一 般 疑 问 句 ： Have/Has+主 语 +过 去 分 词 +其 他 .简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)过去分词1 、 规 则 动 词 ： 规 则 动 词 的 过 去 分 词 的 构 成 规 则 与 规 则 动 词 的 过 去 式 的
2、构 成 规 则 相 同 。四 点 变 化 规 则 ： (1)、 一 般 动 词 ， 在 词 尾 直 接 加 “ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、 以 “ e ”结 尾 的 动 词 ， 只 在 词 尾 加 “ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、 以 “辅 音 字 母 + y ”结 尾 的 动 词 ， 将 “y“ 变 为 “i“ ， 再 加 “ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、 重 读 闭 音 节 结 尾 ， 末 尾 只 有 一 个 辅 音
3、 字 母 ， 先 双 写 该 辅 音 字 母 ， 再 加 “ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、 不 规 则 动 词 ：AAA 型hurt hurt hurt let let letcost cost cost cut cut cuthit hit hit put put putset set set read read read AAB 型 beat beat beaten ABA 型become became becomerun ran runcome came comeABB 型bring brought brough
4、t buy bought boughtbuild built built burn burnt burntcatch caught caught dig dug dugfeel felt felt fight fought foughtsecondfind found found hear heard heardhold held held keep kept keptlay laid laid lead led ledlose lost lost make made mademeet met met sell sold soldshoot shot shot sit sat satstand
5、 stood stood sweep swept sweptteach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won wonABC 型 begin began begun break broke brokenchoose chose chosen draw drew drawndrive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgivenforget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozengive g
6、ave given grow grew grownknow knew known ride rode riddenrise rose risen ring rang rungshake shook shaken sing sang sungsink sank sunk swim swam swumthrow threw thrown write wrote written三 用 法（ A） 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far). (影 响 是 :现 在 我 没 有 钱 花 了 。 )I havent rea
7、d Little Women yet? (影 响 是 ： 我 对 小 妇 人 这 本 书 不 了 解 。 )常见标志词：e ver, never, so far（到目前为止）, in the past/last few days（在过去几天） , already（ 已经 ； 肯 定 句 ） , yet（ 已 经 ； 否 定 ， 疑 问 句 ） , before（ 以 前 ） , recently（近来），just（刚刚），twice 等说明：already 与 yet 都有“已经”的意思，但 already 常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet 常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：I have
8、 already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?难点：现在完成时可和疑问词 where, why, how 连用，但不能和 when 连用。对时间的提问只能用How long. 如： Where have you been? Why have you turned off the TV? How long has he been in China? He has been in China for 4 years. 不可说：When has
9、 he been in China?（B） 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的时间状语连用(for+ 时间段)； （since+时间点）, 如:for+一段时间 (for 2 years), since+从句 (since he came here), since+时间点名词 ( since last year, since 5 days ago),for a long time 等。thirdMy uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black ha
10、s lived in China since 2002. 自从 2002 年 Mr. Black 一直住在中国。 How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？ I have been here for a long time. 注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的 动词 必须是 延续性动词（否定句除外） 。例如： (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。 错误：I have bought the book for three months. 正确：I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？ 错误：How lon
11、g has your brother joined the army? 正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?短暂性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 短暂性动词 -延续性动词borrow / lend -kept She has borrowed (kept )the book since two weeks ago. catch -had Kate has caught (had) a cold for two days.buy -had Ive bought (had) this radio for 3 year
12、s. put on -worn He has put on ( ) the new coat for a week. leave/ go -been away They have left ( ) for one year.start/ begin -been on The film has begun ( ) for 8 minutes.get up - been up He has got up ( ) more than two hours. move - been out (of) Jims family have moved ( ) Beijing for over 2 years.
13、 finish - been over The football match has finished ( ) for two hours.open - been open The factory has opened ( ) since 2010. close - been closed The factory has closed ( ) for 2 months.die -been dead The old man has died ( ) since three years ago. join -been in / been a member (of) Her father has j
14、oined ( ) the Party for ten years.Her father has joined( )the Party for ten e/ become/ arrive -been (in) They have come to ( )this school since 2000四、 句型转换延续性动词的现在完成时的句型可以转换成：1、短暂性动词的一般过去式 + 一段时间 + ago2、短暂性动词的一般过去式 + in + 过去某一时间。3、It is (has been) + 一段时间 +since + 短暂性动词的一般过去式4、一段时间 + has passed + 短暂性
15、动词的一般过去式如：She has had the pen for two years. She bought the pen two years ago.She bought the pen in 2009.It is (has been) two years since she bought the pen.Two years has passed since she bought the pen.五、 比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been infourthhave(has) been to.表示“去了某地回来了”， have(h
16、as) gone to 表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间 ”，如：He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 到/去过上海 .(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是 回来了 )He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发 ,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. （呆在上海三年了）布朗先生来上
17、海已经有三天了六、 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别 1 一般过去时表示动作发生在过去，与现在无关。 而现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成影响。I saw this film yesterday.（我昨天看过电影，现在看不看不知道）I have seen this film. （过去看过电影，对现在有影响，不想再看了）2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago, last week， just now , in 2012, the day before yesterday, yesterday , once(从前) 现在完成时常和 recently（近来） ，e ver, nev
18、er, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for ，in the past/last few years , already（ 肯 定 句 ） , yet（ 否 定 ， 疑 问 句 ） , just(刚 刚 ), before（ 以 前 ） 连 用 。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时练习A)选用 have, has 填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.用 since 和 for 填空1. _ two years 2._ two years
19、 ago 3. _ last month 4._ 1999 5._ she left here 6 . He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last（前年）.7. Ive known him _ we were children.用 never, ever, already, yet, for, since 填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang
20、has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”用动词的正确形式填空1. I havent _(see) him for four years. 2. The thief has _(steal) the money for that old woman. 3. Linda has _(lose) her keys. 4. Lucy has _(hurt) her le
21、gs.5. Have you _(buy) the exercise book? B)按要求改写下列各句:1.They have finished the homework.(改成否定句)_fifth2.He has lost his book. (先改成一般疑问句 ,再作肯定与否定回答)_ _ _C) have been to , have gone to ,have been in 的区别： 1. Wheres Lucy?-She has_to a restaurant for lunch.2. Have you_to this park before.3. I have_there on
22、ly once this year.4. She has _to the shop to buy a notebook.5. Youre late ,Lao Wang has_to Guangzhou.6. Hi,Im looking for you everywhere.-Oh,I have _to the library.7. My aunt has never_to Russia,so she doesnt know where Russia is.8. The Blacks arent in Beijing, they have_to Shenzhen together.9. He d
23、oesnt want to see you, so he has _to another city.10. Beijing is a beautiful city, I _ Beijing for two months. D) 延续性动词和短暂性动词之间的转化1. He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _
24、the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago.He _here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light _for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hou
25、r ago. The door _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a year. He _ the army for a year.E) 延续性动作的动词的现在完成时的句型和一般过去式句型相互转换： 1、The man died two days ago. The man has been dead for _.2、This factory opened in 2011. This fact
26、ory has been open for _.3. I lived in Shanghai three years ago. It has been _since I lived in Shanghai. 4、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Three years _since her mother joined the Party. 5、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)_ two years _ the Green family m
27、oved to France.F) 单项选择。( )1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )2. Have you met Mr. Li _？. Just . ago .before .a moment ago( )3. How long have you _ here ? About two months . been . gone . come . arrived( )4. Our country _ a lot so
28、far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed; better ( )5. _ you _ your homework yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.sixth.Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished.Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish( )6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a lit
29、tle girl . know . had known . have known . knew( )7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. will see . have seen . saw .see( )8. These farmers have been to the United States .Really? When _ there ?. will they go .did they go . do they go . have they gone ( )9. Zhou Lang _already _in this schoo
30、l for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying( )10. His father _ the Party since 1998 .joined . has joined . was in . has been in( )11. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made( )12. He has _ been to
31、Shanghai, has he ?. already .never .ever . still( )13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began( )14. It _ ten years since he left the army . Is . has . will . was( )15. Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library.has gone . went .will go . has been(
32、)16. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been( )17. The students have cleaned the classroom, _?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they( )18. _ has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he _to China?A. How soon, comes B. How ofte
33、n, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )19. His uncle _for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university20、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finish
34、ed D.will ; do ; finish21、 His father _ the Party since 1978 .A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in22、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made23.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B.
35、had left C. has been away D. had been awayseventh24.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened25.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become26. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was
36、sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept27. The weather is very cold these days. I _ a cold for a few days.A. have caught B. have had C. catch D. have 28. The train _for ten minutes. You have to take another one.A. has gone B. has left C. has been away D. went away 29. The train from Nanjing _ ten minutes
37、 ago.A. has arrived B. arrived C. arrives D. will arrive 30. You cant see him now because he _ a meeting. A. is having B. have C. has D. had G)用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. Last week we (drive)_up to London to see our friend from China.2. Im sorry. I (forget)_ your name.3. My friend (finish) _ college last year.4
38、. He (not speak)_ to me since we quarrel（争吵）.5. My uncle (buy)_ a bike last month.6. He (never visit)_ Hangzhou before.7. I (get )_back the umbrella I left in the bus.8. You (send)_ those letters off yesterday.9. Bill (not find)_ his watch yet.10. You can switch off the radio now. I (hear)_ the news
39、 already. I (hear)_ it just now.11. What (happen)_ here? There is blood on the ground.12. I am not hungry. I (just have)_ my dinner.13. Where is George? He (go)_ to the cinema.14. Mr. Wang (be )_in Beijing for thirty years. He (come)_ here in 1950.15. She (begin)_ writing this novel（小说） four years ago and is still writing it.
