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    1、两大法宝十三技巧 完形填空保你分高一、两大法宝:法宝一词汇复现法宝二结构复现二、十三技巧1. 利用词汇信息复现1)同词复现答案自见如:(1)2011高考(广东卷) I. 语言知识及应用 (共两节。满分35分) 第一节 完形填空Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they _14_so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child who is b

    2、ored is an _15_child.14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anxious D. ordinary(以上14、15 两题均是同词复现) (2)2009年广州市一模 第一节 完形填空Grasslands need time to recover【 when cattle and other animals feed on them】. Moving animals from one field to another can provide the 21 【 need

    3、ed for new growth】. This is called rotational grazing(轮流放牧), and heres more about how it 22 . 21.A.time B.cattle C.space D help ( 同词再现第一次 Grasslands need time to recover)( 同词再现第一次 Grasslands need time to recover) 22.A.works B.happens C.does D.grows( 同词再现 When that keeps happening)2)同句信息复现提示语篇复现的信息包括

    4、原词复现、同义词复现、对应词复现、反义词复现、同根词复现、派生词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等等。语篇中总有词汇和结构同现的现象,特别是说明文或议论文体裁的语篇材料。如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现,结构同现,同义同现,修饰同现,因果同现等。因此,利用上下文寻找解题信息,确定正确答案。(2) First of all, I respected his _3_ to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into h

    5、is classroom.(山东)3. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. devotion【解析】空格后面的句子说到教授的讲座准备充分、讲解清楚(well-prepared and clearly delivered) ,由此可知教授为教育做出了很大的贡献,如果还没得到答案提示,下面的 students crowded into his classroom.应该能够得到提示。devotion to sth 意为“对贡献” ,与下文相通。(2)I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my s

    6、urprise, the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _44_, dressed neatly.(上海)奇速英语A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion【分析】名词同现,空格前出现了 room, furniture, curtains, a TV 等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。2

    7、. 利用对比结构解题对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。如:A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and_59_room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortab

    8、le D. suitable【分析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的 a small, noisy room with the television on 存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为 C。2005江西卷 If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather, _31_ he did, he would ask about their families or make _32_, always c

    9、utting his cloth _33_ his customers.31. A.and then B.and so C. even if D.but if32. A. preparations B. jokes C. repairs D. friends33. A. according to B. due to C. instead of D. up to【解析】31题考查了相似句型的对比关系。空格处要填的部分与前部分 if he did not know them 形成对比,这句话的大意是说:如果店主认识那些顾客了,就会询问他们的家庭或是开些玩笑。D32.33.3. 利用平行结构解题平行

    10、结构指的是结构相同或相似,意思密切关联,语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称,内容联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句 式相同或相似这一角度,利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。高考完形填空短文常常会出现这样一些平行结构,掌握这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高 我们的解题效率。如:(1) Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is_51_for children to work at home in their free time. _52

    11、_, they argue that most teachers do not_53_ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils.51. A. unnecessary B. uninterestingC. unfortunate D. unimportant52. A. Nevertheless B. howeverC. Therefore D. Moreover53. A. considerably B. favorably C. properly D. pleasantly【解析】排比结构由 Many people think that.The

    12、y say that.they argue that.所组成。在意义上表现了人们(学生家长)对学生课业负担过重的抱怨。该结构中所设置的三个空格的正确填入,要求考生首先把握结构所体现的 “主题” 抱怨作业太多。其次,要求考生理解三句之间在表达意义上的递进关系。即:作业过多“too much homework”;所以,课余学生在家做作业是没必要的“unnecessary ”;不仅如此,教师对作业的设计也不合适“not properly”。故答案分别为A、D、 C。(2) Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, wo

    13、rk hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them _42_ and active.42. A. alive B. vivid C. mobile D. diverse【解析】因空格处与 and 后面的 active 是平行的,所以答案为与 active 意思相近的 alive。(3 ) 2005江西卷In the winter vocation of 2008, I was fixed with a job.I worked as a(n) 21 at Mr Breens fruit shop. The fruit shop

    14、 did good business. Most of the trade came from the housewives who lived in the neighborhood, 22 he also had regular customers who arrived outside the shop in cars.21. A. operator B. assistant C. waiter D. secretary22. A. so B. when C. therefore D. butBDMr Breen 23 them all by names and they sometim

    15、es even had their order already made up, always 24 me to carry it out to their car. They were clearly longstanding customers, and I 25 they must have stayed faithful to him because he had promised to sell good quality fruits. He had a way with them- I had to 26 that.23. A. sold B. knew C. gave D. se

    16、nt24.A.making B.letting C.getting D.keeping (纯语法设空)25. A. wished B. insisted C. declared D. supposed (含语法设空)26. A. admit B. expect C. announce D. promiseBCDAHe called every woman “madam” for a start, 27 those who clearly were not, but when he said it, it did not sound like flattery(恭维). It just soun

    17、ded 28 in an old-fashioned way. He was a great chatter 29 .27. A. yet B. only C. just D. even (功能副词)28.A.serious B.strange C.polite D.familiar (结构、对应)29. A.as well B.asusual C.either D.also (功能副词)DCAIf he did not know them, he would greet them with a few 30 about the weather, 31 he did, he would ask

    18、 about their families or make 32 , always cutting his cloth 33 his customers.30. A. sayings B. questions C. words D. speeches31. A. and then B. and so C. even if D. but if32. A. preparations B. jokes C. repairs D. friends33. A. according to B. due to C. instead of D. up toC DBAWhatever their bills c

    19、ame to, he 34 gave them back the few odd pence(零钱), and I was sure they thought he was very generous. But I thought he was the opposite. He never threw anything away. He was always looking for 35 for nothing.34. A. never B. ever C. seldom D. always35. A. something B. anything C. somebody D. anybodyD

    20、A4. 利用逻辑关系解题尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握,就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈,它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落 的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法,我们可以通过确切、具体的线索,把答案的逻辑意义推测出来,从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做,使得题目 的难度大大降低。(1) 句中逻辑关系Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and_45_nitrogen. They are d

    21、ifferent in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.45. A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely【解析】短文中的 usually 和 and 是本题逻辑推理的线索。And 前后构成了并列关系,即and 前的 usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 这些维生素成分和 and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列关系,相应修

    22、饰 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 的 usually 必然和修饰 nitrogen 的45空的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此,在45空考虑填入的应是和 usually 相对应的频度副词,而语义与 usually 略有不同。mostly 和 partly 都表示了部分、量的含义,与频度无关。Rarely (很少地,罕有地)虽表示了频度关系,但其意义与 usually 相反,不符合一一对应的一致性,因此排除。只有 C项 sometimes (不时,有时) 你恰到好处地表示了and 前后两部分的逻辑对应。故选 C。(2) 句间逻辑关系在此,我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象,它往往通

    23、过转折(相对) 、让步、递进、因果、并列(同类)等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然,句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部,它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上,在句与句之间表现出来。如:(2009高考广东卷)Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining,construction,and warfare as the inventor of dynamite(炸药). On April 12,1888 ,Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French

    24、newspaper _21_ his brother for him and carried an article _22_ the death of Alfred Nobel. “The merchant of death is dead. ”the article read. “Dr. Alfred Nobel,who became _23_ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before,died yesterday. ”21. A. found B. misunderstood C. mistook D. judg

    25、ed22. A.introducing B.announcing C.implying D.advertising23. A. famous B. sick C. rich D. popularBACMs Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. _13_, she encourages them to get _14_ ways to do business.13. A. Still B. Yet C. Instead D. While【解析】根据前后句子的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折,意思是“Old Mr Clevela

    26、nd把工人用带子捆绑起来( 没有任何自由) ,而她不那样,相反(instead)她鼓励雇员” 。There is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, _1_ would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the various areas of human activity.1. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. otherwis

    27、e【解析】第一句讲各科艺术间是分离的,但后文讲的却是它们之间有很大的关联。however 的意思是“然而” ,表示转折,符合下文。故本题答案为however。(3) 段间逻辑关系这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如:Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, _29_, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the in

    28、vention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.29. A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore【解析】这里有两种情况,第一可能是第二段前后的逻辑体现;第二就是段落的前后衔接。但是,这个题出现在第二段的第一句,那么,从完形填空注重逻辑关系的 命题思路来看,我们优先考虑第二种情况。前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确

    29、看待这个进程” 。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为” ,显然这两者之间存在了逻辑 意义上的相反,此处可能体现了一种转折关系。故选 C。(4) 综合利用各种线索解题完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力。因此考生必须阅读全文,弄清句子与句子之间的关系,准确理解全文。为了答好题,考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的 线索。如书写和形态变化线索(graphic and morphological clues)、词汇线索(lexical clues)、句法线索(syntactical clues)、社会文化线索(socio-cultural clues),并根据有关的线索进行猜测,作出合理的判断。如:And t

    30、he clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine oclock three days from that day Since he was _44_ in three days, Andy didnt lose anytime.44. A. moving B. returning C. staying D. leaving【解析】单从这句来看,考生实难判断出正确答案,但如果结合前文,就可以找到设空部分的解题线索上文中出现的词汇 leaving。故本题答案为D。有时题目的答案在短文中就有出现,如能找出线索,解题就易如反掌。如:Many e

    31、xperts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their _12_.A. exercises B. defects C. mistakes D. tests【解析】许多专家认为家长应简单地看看孩子的作业,并让他们自己重新思考自己做的练习。能与句中 work 照应的只有选项 A。5. 利用暗示和对应解题奇速英语完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等,但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法,

    32、是突破此 类完形填空最关键的思维方式。考生在做题时要有全局观念,进行连贯性思维,做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解,进行合乎逻辑的推理判 断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示,这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。如:.he would join student groups to discuss a variety of _47_: agriculture, diving and mathematics.47. A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents【解析】此题后面的冒号部分有提示:agriculture,diving and mathe

    33、matics 是他们谈话讨论的话题,由此可得出本题的答案为 B。Everybody moved quickly in order to _6_ the seats they wanted. I was _7_ to get a seat near the tail, but6. A. fetch B. hold C. keep D. get【解析】本题的答案可由后面的 get a seat 得出。6、跳读首尾句进行预测一般来讲,高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句,便可判断体裁,猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了 when, where, who, what,即四个 W,那么就是记叙文

    34、,很可能就是一个故事,为了测试语篇的理解能力,出题者特别注意选材的趣味性,其结尾往往出人意料,耐人寻味;若首句 是提出或解释说明某事物,一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点,那么就是议论文。首句往往开宗明义,是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以,它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口,对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。因此,要充分利用段首句提供的信息,去挖掘文章的思路,寻找文章的脉络与线索。Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she reca

    35、lled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员 Evelyn Glennie 在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息,下面我们可以猜想 Evelyn Glennie 学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难,而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器,Evelyn Glennie 对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。7. 利用语法分析解题完形填空虽然以语境填空为主,但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题,考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识,分析单词( 组

    36、) 的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物,并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如:_51_do you suppose he asked for them?51. A. What B. How C. Who D. Which【解析】本题中,do you suppose 为插入成分。he asked for them 是一个相对独立和完整的句子,因此空格处应该用副词 How 来修饰谓语动词 asked,而不能用代词 What, Who 或 Which。_8_ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.8

    37、. A. Because B. While C. If D. Since【解析】根据后面的 I had been born in the 16th century 可知这只是个假设,是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用 if 引导。8. 利用固定搭配解题完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查,主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态,即所谓的“习语” ,不能随意改动。所以,考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题,需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力,特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如:They couldnt r

    38、ead or write. They didnt like to work and they never _12_ baths.12. A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配 take a bath,意为 “洗澡 ”。I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he said, “Youre never going to be _2_ but a failure.”2. A. anything B. somethin

    39、g C. everything D. nothing【解析】本题考查习语 anything but,意为“决不” “根本不” ,即校长认为我肯定是一个失败的人。9. 利用固定句型解题完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解,但同时也会考到一些固定句型,考生掌握好这些句型,对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如:I havent had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and its several days _19_ I used a phone box.19. A. as B. when C. if D. since【解析】本题考查的是 itssince句型,意

    40、为“自从已(多长时间了 )”。这句话的意思是 “自从我上次打投币电话已经有好几天了” 。It wasnt long _18_the police caught the thief.18. A. after B. when C. before D. until【解析】It wasnt long before是常用句型,意为“不久就” 。这里说的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。“Why _14_ you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who is drunk.”14. A. dont B. couldnt C. cant D.

    41、 do【解析】Why dont you do sth?是表示建议的固定句型,意为“为何不?” 。10. 利用跳读法解题一般而言,完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来,之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如:“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He_1_ up and looked around. A short distance away, a group of_2_ stood quietly watching us. One of

    42、 them _3_ walking toward us. We both jumped to our _4_ not knowing what to expect.1. A. sat B. stayed C. thought D. put2. A. pilots B. natives C. editors D. assistants3. A. avoided B. delayed C. began D. desired4. A. boat B. car C. horses D. feet【解析】在通读全文的第一遍中,我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来,这是固定搭配 jump to ones fee

    43、t (跳起来);由此也可推出第三空的答案,因为有人开始向“我们”走了过来,所以“我们”才跳了起来;再根据第一空前面的 wide-awake 可知,此处指 的应该是“我和 Josh 完全清醒,坐起来,环顾四周” ,所以第一空的答案为 A;最后,根据句首Visitors 可推知第二空的答案为 B。11. 巧用排除法解题在有些情况下,考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案,可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用,缩小选择的范围,提高正确率。如:The woman looked carefully at me _5_ through her glasses, and then questioned me

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