1、Evaluation and analysis on the environmental performance of marine economy in the coastal areas of ChinaYi ZhengInformation college, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China, lKeywords: evaluation. environmental performance. marine economy.Abstract: For promoting the development of marine economy
2、more sustainable, based the data envelopment analysis method and combined with the impact of the marine environment, the environmental performance of marine economy was evaluated for Chinese coastal provinces. Firstly the classical CCR model was used. Then a model considered undesirable outputs was
3、made to suit to Chinese marine economy. Made use of the two models, the economic efficiencies without environmental consideration and the environmental performance index were calculated and compared. According to the results, the empirical relation between EPI and EE per capita GDP and the industria
4、l structure was analyzed.IntroductionWith the ocean and coastal resources were developed, marine pollution is becoming more and more serious. This requires that the development of marine economy in our country should be properly adjusted. Comprehensive evaluation for marine economic efficiency can f
5、ind the developing level and existing problem of marine economy in the coastal areas, so as to providing some reference for scientific decision-making and guide the coastal local economy to a healthy way.In recent years the term “environmental performance”, which offers policy analysts and decision
6、makers condensed information by the construction of an aggregated environmental performance index(EPI), has been universally advocated and quoted. From the point of view of operations research, the existing techniques for constructing aggregated EPIs can also be divided into two big categories, name
7、ly the indirect approach and direct approach. In the direct approach, an aggregated EPI is directly obtained from the observed quantities of the inputs and outputs of the studied system using a nonparametric approach called Data envelopment analysis (DEA) 1.Chung et a1 (1997) Seiford and Zhu(2002) V
8、encheh eta1 (2005) Bian Yiwen (2007) Hua et a1 (2008) Lozano et a1 (2009) etc. have researched and developed the problem of environmental efficiency evaluation from different angles with data envelopment analysis. They made a lot of achievements, but the result about the marine industries is almost
9、no in these research.So this paper made use of the DEA method and combined with the impact of the marine environment to evaluate the environmental performance of marine economy for Chinese coastal provinces,. It will promote the development of marine economy more sustainable and also develop the fie
10、ld of the DEA application.Research MethodsEvaluation Model. Firstly the classical CCR model (output-oriented) in data envelopment analysis 2 was used in this paper. It only considered the desirable production, without considering the harmful effects on the environment. Then another model was made, i
11、n which a decision making unit is efficient when it produces the most desirable production with the least damage to the environment. And these byproducts generated with desirable productions, such as sewage, called undesirable output. Obviously, the desirable output and undesirable output always pro
12、duced at the same time and must be improved in the opposite direction, the more desirable outputs and the least undesirable outputs the better. Although the traditional DEA model have been made some gains in dealing with both the different outputs, but there is still much room for improvement. In or
13、der to consider economic and environmental performance better, this paper uses a slack-based measure (SBM) of efficiency in data envelopment analysis to construct a comprehensive efficiency evaluation index by maximizing input and output slack variables.The relation between EPI and EE. It can be see
14、n in the table 3, there is a strong correlation between the EPI and EE. Whether or not considering the environment benefit, the relative ranking of the two kinds of efficiency was almost invariant. According to their efficiency, all coastal provinces and municipalities in China can be divided into t
15、hree levels. The first level was Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong and Tianjin, their two kinds of efficiency both were the highest, followed by Fujian, HeBei, Liaoning and Guangdong, and Zhejiang, Hainan and Guangxi had the lowest level. Further analysis found that, the relative difference of EE is small
16、er than EPI. If the first group is 100% for EE, second group is in 48% to 63%, and the minimum in the third group is more than 20%. But if considering the environmental benefits, the relative efficiency EPI varies greatly, the difference between EPI is bigger than between the EE. As the first group
17、was 100% for EPI, the second was only in 21% to 23%, the third was below 20%. So for Chinas marine economy, the EE have close ties to the EPI. An area with the highest economic efficiency also has the highest environmental performance, and vice versa, low economic efficiency will lead to lower envir
18、onmental performance.The relation between EPI and per capita GDP. Economic efficiency is not equal to the level of economic development. If the degree of economic development in a regional is represented by per capita GDP, the results in this paper showed that the relations between EPI and the local
19、 economy were different in different stages. When per capita GDP is low (less than 30000 yuan), such as Hainan and Guangxi, the EPI is low; when per capita GDP is high (greater than 60000), the EPI is high too; but when per capita GDP is between them (about from 40000 to 60000 yuan), the EPI changes
20、 uncertainly, such as per capita GDP of Shandong was 4.71 million yuan in 2011, its EPI was 100%, but Zhejiangs per capita GDP was close to 6 million yuan, the EPI was less than 17%. This shows that, in the development stage, effective environmental management is particularly important to improve th
21、e environmental performance.The relationship between EPI and industrial structure. The calculation of two models show that, whether or not consider the environmental impact, to improve the economic efficiency under maintaining the current output, the reduction rate of marine fishing motor vessels is
22、 the highest, the average reduction rate in CCR model is 54.6%, and the average rate in UOM model is 62.7%. For considering the environmental impact, the UOM model reflect: the marine fishery had the lowest efficiency, and the marine tourism is the second. The average reduction rate of its correspon
23、ding evaluation index “rooms in star-related hotels“ was 49.8%, marine transport industry is the highest efficiency in the three industries, the average reduction rate for its represent index “berths for productive use” was only 45%.According the research, to improve the efficiency of marine industr
24、y, adjustment of marine fisheries is the common task for all non-effective area beside Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu and Shanghai. In addition, Liaoning, Hebei, Guangxi and Hainan should focus on improving the efficiency of tourism industry, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong should pay attention to raise
25、the efficiency of port and transport industry. At the same time, Hebei, Guangxi, Fujian and Zhejiang should carry out more stringent waste water treatment standards to improve the industries achieving more effective state, because their reduction rate of waste water discharged was the highest.Acknow
26、ledgementsThis work was financially supported by the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (13ZS100).References1 P.Zhou, B. W.Ang, K.L.Poh. Measuring environmental performance under different environmental DEA technologies. Energy Economics, Vol.30 (2008), p.1-14.2 Quanling W
27、ei. data envelopment analysis. Beijing:Science Press (2004).3 Tone. A slack-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis. European Journal of operational research, Vol.130 (2001), p.498-509.4 State Oceanic Administration. China marine statistical yearbook 2012, Beijing: China Ocean press
28、(2013).5 China ocean bureau. Marine environmental information, 4 (2013). Information on http:/ Development of Industry and Economy10.4028/ and Analysis on the Environmental Performance of Marine Economy in the Coastal Areas of China10.4028/ 要：为促进海洋经济更加可持续的发展，基于数据包络分析法并结合对海洋环境的影响，海洋经济的环保性能为中国沿海省份进行了评
29、价。首先，使用经典的 CCR 模式。再考虑非期望产出模型是为了适应中国的海洋经济。利用这两个模型的，经济效率不受环境代价及环境性能指标进行了计算和比较。根据研究结果，计划免疫和 EE 人均 GDP 和产业结构之间的经验关系进行了分析。关键词：评价 环保性能 海洋经济介 绍与海洋和沿海资源开发，海洋污染变得越来越严重。这就要求海洋经济在我国的发展应适当调整。海洋经济效益综合评价可以发现，在沿海地区海洋经济的发展水平和存在的问题，从而为客户提供科学的决策有一定的参考和指导沿海地方经济的健康发展。近年来，所谓“环保性能” ，它提供了政策分析家和决策者通过聚合环境绩效指数（EPI）的建设简明信息，已经
30、普遍提倡和引用。但从运筹学的角度来看，构建环境绩效指标汇总现有的技术也可以分为两大类，即间接的方式，直接的方法。在直接的方法，聚合 EPI是直接从所研究的系统使用非参数方法，被称为数据包络分析（DEA）的输入和输出的观察数量获得1 。Chung等 A1（1997）Seiford 和朱（2002）Vencheh 等 A1（2005）卞医纹（2007）华等A1（2008）Lozano 等 A1（2009）等，已经研究并从不同的角度开发的环境效益评估的问题数据包络分析。他们做了很多的成绩，但结果对海洋产业几乎没有在这些 research.So本文提出的数据包络分析方法的使用，并结合海洋环境的影响，以
31、评估海洋经济的环保性能服务中国沿海各省。它将促进海洋经济更加可持续的发展，并开发了数据包络分析的应用领域。研究方法 评价模型。首先是经典的 CCR模式（输出为主）中的数据包络分析法2本文所用。它只考虑了理想的生产，而不考虑对环境的有害影响。然后另一个模型制作，其中一个决策单元是有效的，当它产生最适宜的生产用最少的对环境的破坏。并与理想的作品，如污水产生这些副产品，称为非期望产出。显然，期望的输出和不希望的输出总是产生在同一时间，并且必须在相反方向上得到改进，更理想的输出和至少不希望的输出就更好了。虽然传统的 DEA模型已经取得了一些成果在处理两个不同的输出，但仍有很大的提升空间。为了更好地考虑
32、经济和环保性能，本文采用数据包络分析效率的松弛型测量（SBM）通过最大限度地提高输入和输出松弛变量，构建一个综合效益评价指标EPI和 EE之间的关系。它可以在表 3中可以看出，存在的 EPI和 EE之间有很强的相关性。不论是否考虑到环境效益，这两种效率的相对排名几乎是不变的。根据他们的效率，所有沿海省市在中国可以分为三个层次。第一个层次是上海，江苏，山东，天津，它们的两种效率的两个最高，其次是福建，河北，辽宁，广东，浙江，海南，广西有最低的水平。进一步分析发现， EE的相对差比 EPI小。如果第一组为 100 EE，第二组是在 48至 63，最小的第三组是 20以上。但是，如果考虑到环境效益，
33、效率相对 EPI良莠不齐，长盈之差大于 EE之间。作为第一组为 100， EPI，第二个是只在 21至 23，第三个是 20以下。因此，对于中国的海洋经济，在 EE有密切的联系，扩大免疫规划。最高经济效率的地区也有最高的环保性能，反之亦然，经济效益低将导致较低的环保性能。EPI与人均 GDP之间的关系。经济效益不等于经济发展水平3。如果在一个区域经济发展的程度是由人均 GDP为代表，结果在本文中表明，EPI 与地方经济之间的关系在不同的阶段是不同的。当人均 GDP较低（低于 3万元） ，如海南，广西，计划免疫率低;当人均 GDP较高（大于 60000） ，该规划也高;但是，当人均 GDP两者之
34、间（约在 4000060000 元人民币） ，计划免疫变化不确定性，如山东省的人均 GDP为 471万元，2011 年，其长盈率为 100，但浙江的人均 GDP已接近 600万元，计划免疫低于 17。这表明，在开发阶段，有效的环境管理是提高环保性能尤为重要。EPI与产业结构之间的关系。两款车型的计算表明，无论是否考虑对环境的影响，以提高下保持输出电流的经济效益，海洋捕捞机动船舶的减少率是最高的，平均削减率在 CCR模式为54.6，并在模型计量单位的平均速率为 62.7。考虑对环境的影响，计量单位模型4反映：海洋渔业有最低的效率，以及海洋旅游是第二个。其相应的评价指标“客房星级相关酒店”平均减少
35、率为 49.8，海洋交通运输业是在三次产业中最高的效率，平均削减率，其代表指数“泊位用于生产”5只有 45。 据研究，提高海洋产业的效率，调整海洋渔业的是天津，山东，江苏，上海身旁所有非有效区域的共同任务。此外，辽宁，河北，广西，海南应着力提高旅游产业的效率，浙江，福建，广东应注意提高港口和运输行业的效率。与此同时，河北，广西，福建和浙江应进行更严格的污水处理标准，以提高产业实现更有效的状态，因为排放的废水中的还原率最高。致 谢:本工作由上海教委创新项目支持！参考文献: 1 P.Zhou，B. W.Ang，K.L.Poh.不同环境下的 DEA技术测量环境绩效.能源经济学，第 30卷（2008 年） ，1-14. 2魏权龄.数据包络分析.北京：科学出版社（2004 年） ，1999,25,4: 1-58。 3音.松弛的基于测量的数据包络分析效率.欧洲运筹学杂志，Vol.130（2001） ，p.498-509. 4国家海洋局.中国海洋统计年鉴 2012，北京：中国海洋出版社（2013 年） 。 5中国海洋局.海洋环境信息，4（2013 年）.上http:/ 工业和经济可持续发展 10.4028/ 评价与分析海洋经济在中国沿海地区的环境绩效 10.4028/
