1、 1 类型8| 社会生活 考查要点 方法技巧 1.社会生活中所遇到的各种机遇和挑战。 2迎接机遇或挑战的观点和态度。 3处理或解决问题的方式方法。 4人们工作、生活、社交的方式及其影响。 1.明确文章的体裁，把握文章的结构。 2运用归纳概括等方法得出文章的主题。 3明确事情的前因后果，找出问题的解决办 法。 4抓住诸多细节，推知文章的寓意。 (2016全国乙卷B) Grandparents Answer a Call As a thirdgeneration native of Brownsville，Texas，Mildred Garza never planned to move away
2、.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children，she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship t
3、han they would have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obamas motherinlaw，Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and
4、move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study by ，83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family. “In the 1960s we were all a little
5、 wild and couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，” says Christine Crosby， publisher of Grand，a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them，especially when youre raising children.” Moving is
6、 not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices，but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard， especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life
7、 you know 2 may be harder. 25Why was Garzas move a success? AIt strengthened her family ties. BIt improved her living conditions. CIt enabled her to make more friends. DIt helped her know more new places. 26What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinsons decision? A17% expressed their support f
8、or it. BFew people responded sympathetically. C83% believed it had a bad influence. DThe majority thought it was a trend. 27What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? AThey were unsure of themselves. BThey were eager to raise more children. CThey wanted to live away from their parents. DThey had
9、 little respect for their grandparents. 28What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? AMake decisions in the best interests of their own. BAsk their children to pay more visits to them. CSacrifice for their struggling children. DGet to know themselves better. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论
10、文。主要论述了祖父母接到后代与他们同住的邀请后该如何 做出选择。 长难句解读：Having your grandchildren far away is hard，especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder. 分析：本句为并列句。but前的第一个分句中，Having your grandchildren far away 为动名词短语作主语，especially knowing your adult child is struggling为现在分词
11、 短语作状语；but后的第二个分句中，giving up the life 为动名词短语作主语，you know 为定语从句修饰其前的 the life。 翻译：与孩子们距离远是痛苦的，尤其是知道你的成年子女生活艰难，但是放弃你熟悉 的生活可能更艰难。 25A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的.giving them a closer relationship. 可知，Garza搬去和晚辈同住后，他们的关系更亲密了，这与 A项的表述“这加强了她的家 庭关系”相吻合，故选 A项。 3 26D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Twothirds believe more families will foll
12、ow the example of Obamas family.”可知，三分之二的人认为更多的家庭将效仿奥 巴马的家庭，由此可知它将成为一种趋势，故选 D项。 27C 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.”可知，在 20 世纪 60年代，人们都有点儿狂野，急于“远走高飞”来证明 自己的能力，这与 C项的表述“他们想远离父母生活”相吻合，故选
13、 C项。 28A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Moving is not for everyone.”以及“it is wiser to say no and visit frequently”可知，作者建议老年人从自己的利益出发，做出 选择，故选 A 项。 A (2016苏北四市摸底考试) I love seeing Europeans line up in airports to applaud arriving refugees. But humanitarianism(人道主义) will not guide policy for long.We liberals need to a
14、rgue from Europes selfinterest: our continent has the need，the space and the ability to accept people. Many European countries are gradually turning into old peoples homes. Germany， Italy，Spain and others have some of the lowest birth rates in human history.It is predicted that about onethird of the
15、ir populations will be aged over 65 in 2050. Germany needs to import at least 350，000 people a year to keep its workforce stable. Suddenly，young ambitious workers are pouring into the country as if called by a genie(精灵) with a lamp.No wonder Angela Merkel，German Chancellor，has been more welcoming th
16、an David Cameron，British Prime Minister. But all over Europe，careers for old people are already in need.Norway found oil under the seabed but it would have been better off if it had discovered 50，000 nurses there instead. Many rightwingers think we have reached our limits.This feeling is widespread.
17、And its true that Western Europe is one of the most densely populated regions on Earth. Indeed，density has long been Europes unique selling point： with so many people of different nations closely packed together，we have always traded goods and exchanged ideas fast.Thats why the scientific revolution
18、 of the 16th and 17th centuries happened here. 4 But we have plenty more room.Many European cities arent dense enough.Now east Germany，northwestern Spain and gorgeous mountain villages in Italy are losing people.Lots of cities have unused industrial land. Humans inhabit a slice of the EUs territory.
19、Only about 2.5 percent of the EUs land issued for housing，estimates the European Commission.By contrast，a whopping 43 percent was used for agriculture in 2009，it says.Thats too much.We could turn more land into forest or into green landscapes where people can relax and play.Making that transition is
20、 feasible because we now use agricultural land inefficiently. Migrants often spend years locked up together in serious governmentfunded “migrant centers”However，the way to learn a new countrys language，make friends and find work is to live with a local.This crisis has shown that lots of Europeans ar
21、e willing to take refugees into their homes.After Icelands government said it could take only 50 Syrian refugees，many Icelanders came forward offering to take a far greater number into their own homes.People arent just sitting around waiting for government to do something. We need migrants, and we c
22、an accommodate them. If opponents just dont like foreigners，they should say so instead of pretending to be hardheaded pragmatists(实 用主义者) 本文介绍了德国以及其他一些欧洲国家面临人口老龄化、劳动力缺乏的情况，而大量涌 入的移民在客观上缓解了他们的劳动力缺乏的情况。作者呼吁这些国家多接纳移民。 1Why is Angela Merkel willing to take in refugees according to the passage? AGermany
23、has already stepped into aged society. BBirth rates in Germany are the lowest in history. CShe is kind and shows sympathy for homeless people. DRefugees can make up the shortage of labor in Germany. D 推理判断题。根据第二段第四句可知，德国劳动力严重缺乏，所以难民能够补充他 们的劳动力。因此选D。 2Which of the following statements is TRUE? ANo ot
24、her region is more densely populated than Western Europe. BDensity has become Europes most outstanding characteristic. CNot all European cities are crowded together in great numbers. DLarge quantities of unused industrial land will turn into forest. C 细节理解题。C 选项的意思是并非所有的欧洲城市都很拥挤，与第四段“Many European c
25、ities arent dense enough.”意思一致，故选 C。 5 3It can be inferred that _ Anurses are more badly needed than petrol in Europe Bliberals always do something for the Europes benefit Caging problem in Germany is one of the worst in Europe DEuropeans have already made intelligent use of the land C 推理判断题。根据第二段可知
26、，德国、意大利、西班牙等国人口出生率很低，到 2050 年这些国家 65 岁以上老年人将占总人口的三分之一。而且德国每年需要输入至少 35 万人才能满足劳动力需求。由此可推知，德国的老龄化问题是欧洲国家中最严重的之一。故 选C。 4What is the last paragraph but one mainly about? AMigrants can privately be accommodated. BMigrants had better not live in migrant centers. CEveryone can live with migrants to help the
27、m fit in. DEveryone has done their own part to help migrants. A 段落大意题。倒数第二段的大意为：当冰岛政府说他们将接纳50名叙利亚移民时， 很多冰岛人要求领更多的移民回家。由此可知，A项正确，即民众可以接受移民。 【导学号：57732028】 B (2016长春市普通高中质量监测) One of the biggest social issues in Japan is the increasingly low marriage rates among young people and the low birth rates，wh
28、ich lead to an aging and eventually shrinking(萎缩) population.Most young Japanese women simply dont seem interested in having many children. Now what began in Japan is happening globally.As David Brooks wrote，birth rates are becoming lower in much of the world，from Iran1.7 births per womanto Russian，
29、 where low birth rates connected with high death rates mean the population is already shrinking.And this includes the US，which has long had higher birth rates than most developed nations.Aging countries will face the burden of caring for large elderly populations without a larger resource of young w
30、orkers. Its true that global aging is going to present some major challenges.Who will take care of the elderly? Will an older world be less active and slower to change and adapt？Its all true.Sometimes I worry about a coming generational war over resources，just as I worry about how I will take care o
31、f my own parents in their old age，just as I worry about who might take care of me. 6 But heres the thing ： an older world may have less pressure on the environment.As we all know，the environment is the real victim of overpopulation. So maybe a world that grows slower and grows older will put less pr
32、essure on the environment，and buy us a few more years to ensure our energy use，along with our birth rates，reaches a sustainable(可持续的)level.After all，were supposed to get smarter as we get older.Hopefully that holds true for the planet as well. 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球老龄化带来的挑战，也指出了老龄化社会有利的方 面。 5The populatio
33、n issue in Japan is mentioned to _ Ashow young peoples preference for marriage Bintroduce the topic of global birth rates becom ing lower Cindicate the deeper cause of Japans depression Demphasize the revolution of Japanese women B 细节理解题。文章开头提及日本人口出生率低是为了引出全球人口出生率低、老龄 化问题。第二段的第一句“Now what began in J
34、apan is happening globally.”也是提示。 故选B。 6Which will be caused by low birth rates according to the passage? AAging society. BEnvironmental problems. CHigh death rates. DLow employment rates. A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One of the biggest social issues in Japan is.and the low birth rates，which lead to an aging and
35、 eventually shrinking(萎 缩)population.”可知，人口出生率低会导致老龄化社会。故选A。 7Whats the authors attitude to the worldwide birth rates becoming lower? AAnxious. BDisappointed. CHopeful. DDoubtful. C 观点态度题。根据文章的最后两段可知，老龄化社会也有有利的方面，如减少环境 压力、保障能源供应等。故选 C。 8Which of the following statements is TRUE according to David Br
36、ooks? AThe birth rates all over the world are becoming lower. BThe most developed countries have higher death rates. CAmerica is the only developed country with higher birth rates. 7 DBirth rates becoming lower means a great risk to aging countries. D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，低出生率会导致社会老龄化，而老龄化国家会面临 许多老人需要被照顾、年轻劳动力缺乏的巨大挑战。故选 D。
