1、同义句转换的九种类型 第 1 页 共 4 页同义句转换的九种类型同义句转换题是近几年中考英语的一个常考题型，其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子，第一句完整，第二句中设有几处空格，要求考生填入适当的词或词组，使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析，我们发现中考英语同义句转换题主要考查以下几个方面： 一、运用同义词（组）进行转换用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词
2、组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：1.That day we could see flowers here and there. That day we could see flowers _.分析：答案为 everywhere。everywhere 与 here and there 都表示“到处” 。2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.The teacher always_ _the children well in the school.分析：答案为 looks after。 take
3、 good care of 与 look afterwell 都表示“好好照顾”。二、运用反义词（组）的否定式进行转换即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词（词组）的积累和换位思维的能力。如：1. Its clear that this visit is different from last time. Its clear that this visit is not the_ _last time. 分析：答案为 same as。be different from 意为“与不同 ”；the same as 意为“与相同”，其否定式与 be different f
4、rom 同义。2. I think wealth is less important than health. I _ think wealth is _ important than health.分析：答案为 dont，more。 less important 的意思是“没有（不及）重要”；more important 的意思是 “（比）更重要”，该结构与 not 连用，则表示“不比更重要”。另外，有的反义词即使不与否定词连用，而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如：同义句转换的九种类型 第 2 页 共 4 页1.He lent some money to his friend. He fr
5、iend _ some money _ him.分析：答案为 borrowed，from。borrowfrom 意为“向借”；lendto 意为“把借给”。两个结构意思相反，但若变换“ 借出者 ”与“ 借入者”的位置，则可转换为同义句。三、运用不同语态进行转换即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如：1. Everyone should give back his library books on time. Library books should_ _ _ on time. 分析：答案为 be given back。被动句中含有情态动词 should
6、，因此助动词用 be。2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today. Computers _ widely _ in the world today. 分析：答案为 are，used。computers 是复数名词，助动词用 are。四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：1. The manager left two hours ago. The manager _ _ _ for two hours. 分析：答案为 has
7、been away。leave 为非延续性动词，不能与 for two hours 这样的一段时间连用，而改成 be away 这样的延续性动词后，则可连用一段时间。2. The film began five minutes ago. The film has been _ _ five minutes.分析：答案为 on for。has been 提示时态是现在完成时态， “for+时间段”表示“ 持续（一段时间） ”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.Mr Li _ _ _ the Party for t
8、wenty years.分析：答案：has been in。短暂动词 join，意为“参加、加入（组织，政党） ”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将 join 改成 be in 或 be a member in。五、运用不同引语进行转换即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：同义句转换的九种类型 第 3 页 共 4 页1. “Ive found my wallet,” he said to me.He _ me that he _ _ his wallet.分析：答案为 told，had found。此题是将
9、直接引语转换成间接引语。2. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her the week _.分析：答案为 asked if/ whether, before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：1. We didnt go out for a walk because it was raining. We didnt go out for a walk _ _ the rain. 分析：答案为 because of。将原因
10、状语从句 because it was raining 改为表示原因的介词短语because of the rain。2. He was so excited that he couldnt go to sleep.He was _ _ _ go to sleep.分析：答案为 too excited to。将 sothat换成 tooto结构，原句的 that 从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。3. Now I will show you how to do the work. Now I will show you _ _ _ do the work. 分析：答案为 how y
11、ou can。即将原句中的 “疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。4. You should put them back after you use them. You should put them back _ _ them.分析：答案为 after using。即将 after 引导的状语从句改写为 after 引导的介词短语。七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：1. Come on, or well miss the early bus. _ we _ hurry, well miss the early bus. 分析：答案为 I
12、f，dont。if 引导条件状语从句。2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week. The man _ gave us a talk last week _ _ us another talk this week. 同义句转换的九种类型 第 4 页 共 4 页分析：答案为 who/ that，will give。who/ that gave us a talk last week 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the man。八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子即运用关联连词 bothand
13、，neithernor ，eitheror，not onlybut also等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，bothand连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而 neithernor，eitheror ，not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如：1. Tom cant speak Japanese well and Jim cant, either._ Tom _ Jim can speak Japanese well. 分析：答案填 Neither，nor。neithernor表示“ 和 （两者）都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思
14、相吻合。2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too. _ Alice _ Peter have read the book.分析：答案为 Both，and 。bothand的意思是“和（两者）都”。3. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes. This store sells _ _ mens shoes _ _ mens clothes. 分析：答案为 not only，but also 。表示“不仅而且”之意。九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换这
15、类典型结构如 sothat，tooto，enough to，notuntil，so do I 等。如：1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.Jim wants to go boating, and _ _ his parents. 分析：答案为 so do。句意为“他的父母也一样（一样想去） ”。2. John went to bed after he finished his homework. John _ go to bed _ he finished his homework.分析：答案为 didnt until。
