1、英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S 十 V 主谓结构S 十 V 十 F 主系表结构S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下：1S 十 V 句式在此句式中，V 是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi)。例如：He runs quickly他跑得快。They listened carefully他
2、们听得很仔细。He suffered from cold and hunger他挨冻受饿。China belongs to the third world country中国属于第三世界国家。The gas has given out煤气用完了。My ink has run out我的钢笔水用完了。2S 十 V 十 P 句式在此句式中，V 是系动词(link v)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn 等。例如：He is olde
3、r than he looks他比看上去要老。He seen interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。The story sounds interesting这个故事听起来有趣。The desk feels hard书桌摸起来很硬。The cake tastes nice饼尝起来很香。The flowers smell sweet and nice花闻起来香甜。You have grown taller than before你长得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill他突然病倒了。He stood quite still他静静地站看。He
4、becomes a teacher when he grew up他长大后当了教师。He could never turn traitor to his country他永远不会背叛他的祖国。注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成 SVO 句式，例如：He looked me up and down他上下打量我。He reached his hand to feel the elephant他伸出手来摸象。They are tasting the fish他们在品尝鱼。They grow rice in their home town他们在家乡种水稻。Hes got a chair to si
5、t on他有椅子坐。Please turn the sentence into English请把这个句于泽成英语。3S 十 V 十 O 句式在此句式中，V 是及物动词(vt)，因此有宾语。例如：I saw a film yesterday我昨天看了一部电影。 Have you read the story? 你读过这个故事吗?They found their home easily他们很容易找到他们的家。They built a house last year他们去年建了一所房子。Theyve put up a factory in the village他们在村里建了一座工厂。They h
6、ave taken good care of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。You should look after your children well你应该好好照看你的孩子。4S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 句式在此句式中，V 是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn 等。例如：He gave me a book/a book to me他给我一本书。He brought me a pen/a pen to me他带给我一枝钢笔。He off
7、ered me his seat/his seat to me他把座位让给我。注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 妈妈给我买了一本书。He got me a chair/a chair for me他给我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me请帮我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me他问我个问题。注意，下边动词只有一种说法：They robbed the old man of his money他们抢了老人的钱。Hes warne
8、d me of the danger. 他警告我注意危险。The doctor has cured him of his disease医生治好了他的病。We must rid the house of th erats我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak他们剥夺了他说话的权利。5S 十 V 十 O 十 C 句式在此句式中，V 是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请
9、看下面的例子。They made the girl angry他们使这个女孩生气了。They found her happy that day他们发现那天她很高兴。I found him out我发现他出去了。I saw him in我见他在家。They saw a foot mark in the sand他们发现沙地上有脚印。They named the boy Charlie他们给这个男孩起名为查理。I saw him come in and go out我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast他们感到汽车行驶得很快。I heard the glass
10、 broken just now我刚才听到玻璃碎了。He found the doctor of study closed to him他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。给初学英语者常用句型1. 否定句型1) 一般否定句I dont know this. No news is good news.There is no person (smoke)/not a person/not any person (smoke) in the house.2)特指否定He went to his office, not to see him.I am sorry for not coming on time
11、.I dont think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.3)部分否定All the answers are not rightAll is not gold that glittersI dont know all of them.I cant see everybody/everything.Both of them are not right.4)全体否定None of my friends smoke.I can see nothing/nobody.Neither of them is right.Nothing can be
12、so simple as this.5) 延续否定You didnt see him, neither/nor did I.You dont know, I dont know either.He doesnt know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of (更不用说） French.6) 半否定句We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.I know little English. I saw few people.7) 双重否定You cant mak
13、e something out of nothing.Whats done cannot be undone.There is no sweet without sweat.No gain without pains.I cant help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.No man is so old but (that) he can learn.8)排除否定Everyone is ready except you.He did nothing but play.But for your help, I couldnt do it.9)加强否定I w
14、ont do it at all.I cant see it any more.He is no longer a boy.2. 判断句型1) 一般判断句It is important for us to learn English.It is kind of you to help me sincere means honest.The boy is called/named Tom.We regarded/consider it as an honor.2)强调判断It is English that we should learn.It is he who helped me a lot
15、.3)弱式判断Your sentence doesnt sound/look/appear/feel right.You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before.Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill.He is probably ill.He is likely ill. It is possible that he is late4) 注释判断He can remember so many English words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionary.(活字典
16、）5) 正反判断That sounds all right, but in fact it is not.6) 比较判断It is more a picture than a poem.7) 互斥判断He or you are wrong.Either he is right or I am.3. 祝愿祁使句式1) 一般句式Study hard and keep fit.Be brave! Dont be shy!Get out of here.2)强语式Do tell me.Never tell a lie.3) 委婉祈使句Please tell me the true.Would/Will
17、/Wont do me a favor?Would/Do you mind my smoking?What/How/ about going on foot?4)建议祈使句Let us go. Let us know the time.Dont let the fire out.Lets not waste the time.Youd better start early.Shall we listen to some music?Why dont you get something to drink?Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six?
18、I suggest we (should) take the train.5)祝愿句Success to you!Wish you a good journey.May you have a happy marriage.Heres to your success!Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship!4. 感叹句型How well he speaks!How kind she is!What a nice weather it is!Here he comes!Such is life!Wonderful! Help!5. 疑问句型1)
19、一般疑问句Is he a doctor?Do you the way to the station?2)反意疑问句He is a teacher, isnt he?It is quite cheap, dont you think?3) 特殊疑问句What is the distance/width/size/population/temperature/fare?Who is he?What is he?(干什么的）What is he like?How is he?How do you like him?What do you think of him?What ever do you m
20、ean by saying this?4)选择疑问句He is a doctor or a nurse?5)间接疑问句Do you know how old he is?Tell me if (whether) you like it.What do you think/say/suppose I should do?6. 数词句型1) 表数目It is exactly ten oclock.It is five miles away from here.He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20.He is under/at most/no
21、 more than 20.2)表年月日He was born on April 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1.3)表年龄He is 20 years old/years of age.He is at the age of 10.4)表倍数It is four times that of last years.This is four times as big (again) as that one.This is four times bigger than that one.The income is double what it was
22、.The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998.5)表计量It is 10 meters long/wide/high.It costs me 100 yuan.I spent 10 hours to finish it.It took me 10 days to finish it.It is worth 100 yuan.7. 关联指代句型1)两项关连I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English.I have five books, one is Chinese; the othe
23、rs English.To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another.One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend.Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball.2)先后顺序First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/thirdly good luck
24、 in everything.First stop, then look, finally cross.At first/in the beginning/ he word hard. Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent.3)修饰限制This is the same book as I lost yesterday.This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同一本书）Dont trust such a man as over praise you.He/One/Those/They who should
25、come failed to appear.A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much.The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world.4) 两项连接He can speak not only English but also French.The book is both interesting and instructive.It is neither cold nor hot.Please either com
26、e in or go out.The old worker has experience and knowledge as well.5)加和关系Besides literature, we have grammar and writing.Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air.In addition to “if“, there is many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses.I must go now, incidentally,
27、if you want that book.You seem to like tea, so do I.8. 比较句型1)等比句He is as tall as I.He is the same height as I.She is no less diligent than he.The lab is no better than a cottage.2) 差比句I speak English worse than he does.He is not so/as tall as I am.Our knowledge is much inferior to their.3) 极比句He is
28、the tallest of all in the class.None/No one/ is so blind as those that wont see.Nothing is so easy as this.4)比例句The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance(无知）.5) 择比句He is taller than any other boy in the classIt is better late than never.They would die than live as slavesHe prefers doing
29、to talkingHe prefers to do rather than to talk.He prefers mathematics to English.Id rather stay here.6)对比句You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy.They are working hard while you are wasting your time.9. 比喻句型We must work like him.He behaves as his father does.He speaks English as if/though
30、he was a foreigner.10. 条件假设句1) 一般事实If we succeed, what will the people say?Suppose it rains, what shall we do?Persevere(坚持） and youll succeed.2)虚拟条件句If I were you, I would go.If you had seen it, you would have been moved.3)反条件句Unless you try, youll never succeed.Dont move, or/else/otherwise Ill shot
31、.4)唯一条件句If only I have another chance, I shall do better.Only in this way can we learn English well.So/As long as we dont lose heart, well succeed.5)推论条件句Since that is so, there is no more to say.Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior.11. 时间句型1)一般时When I see him, Ill tell him.2) 表同时Y
32、oull grow wiser as you grow older.Work while you work, play while you play.He worked, at the same/in the meantime he listened to the music.3)限制时Every/each time when I went to his house, he was out.By the time that we got there, he was out.4)交替时Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances.At one time the
33、baby cries, at another it talks.5)先时I stopped hem before he began to talk with me.6)后时Ill tell you after I finish it.7)紧接时As soon as I see him, Ill tell him.Once you begin, you must continue.The (very) moment/instant (that) I saw him, I recognized him.On hearing the news, she bust into tears.Hardly
34、had I seen the light, when I heard a loud thundering.8)延续时I havent seen him since I came here.A friend is never know till/until a man have need.12. 地点句型1) 一般地点Where have you been?Where there is a will, there is a way.2)方位Hebei lies in the east of China.Japan is lies to the east of China.The house fa
35、ces (to) the south.He is sitting at the front of the classroomHe is standing in front of/before me.He is sitting at the back of/behind me.He is sitting in the back of/at the rear of the classroom.He is sitting next to/besides me.He is sitting close to/near me.At the top of/On top of the shelf, there
36、 are some books.He is sitting on the left/right.The mountain you see to the right is the Purple Mountain.13. 原因句型He didnt go to school because he was ill.Since we are all here, lets begin our meeting.It might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet.Now (that) we have finished the work, we can go home
37、.I am glad to meet you.I am sorry that I hear that.Thank you for your help.That is why he failed to come.He didnt come because of/on account of the weather.He went out of curiosity.I succeeded thanks to his help.This failure is due to the fact they lack experience.Owing to our joint efforts, the tas
38、k was fulfilled.What are studying English for?For what reason did you choose this?Whats the point of asking his to do that?How come you never told me about it?What with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled.14. 目的句型He stopped aside so that she could go in.He sits in the front in orde
39、r that he can see words clearly.He gets up early so as to/in order to have time to do exercises.He repeated it for fear that there should be any mistake.15. 结果句型It was very cold, so that the river froze.They cost a lot of money, so/therefore we use them carefully.He is such a good man that every one
40、 likes him.He ran so fast that no one could catch him.He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.I was caught in the rain. As a result, I had a bad cold.16. 程度句型How often do you write to your parents?How long do you stay at home?It is so beautiful that we all love it.It is too big for yo
41、u.He is too excited to speak.He is not old enough to know this.The letter must be sent as soon as possibleYou must work as hard as you can.As far as I know, I can speak only English.17. 让步句型Though/Although he is rich, (yet/still) he doesnt show off.Yang as he is, he know a lot of things.Even if/thou
42、gh he succeeded, he was not proud.No matter what you say, Ill still try to do it.Keep calm, whatever happens.In spite of this, we must go ahead with our plans.Regardless of all the difficulties, well fight it out to the end.18. 转折句型I searched everywhere but could not find him.You may go, only return
43、 quickly.He is seriously ill, still there is hope of his recovery.It looked like rain, however it was clear in the afternoon.He is still young, yet he is high up in the position.He didnt tell me the truth, I know it, though.19. 省略句I think/say/suppose/expect/believe/hope so.Why not come earlier next time?
