1、PE3043-Page 1,Rotary Drilling Systems,Introduction Drilling Team Drilling Rigs Rig Power System Hoisting System Circulating System,PE3043-Page 2,Introduction,What we want to do is: To make a hole! But we have to make it economically and safely,PE3043-Page 3,Reading Assignment: Chap1.,PE3043-Page 4,I
2、ntroduction-contd,Rotary Rigs Actually Making Hole For the week ending 16 August 2002,Data from IADC rotary rig report,PE3043-Page 5,Introduction-contd,International Rotary Rigs Running Monthly Average for June 2002,Data from IADC rotary rig report,PE3043-Page 6,http:/ 7,http:/ 8,Fig. 1.5-Classifica
3、tion of rotary drilling rigs,PE3043-Page 9,Drill at Sea,http:/www.brookes.ac.uk/geology/8361/1998/jeff/datsea.html,Drilling crews have to operate through the depth of the sea water column. Climates & Environments Corrosive to machines Limited Storage space Vessel dynamic positioning And, $,PE3043-Pa
4、ge 10,Drill at Sea,Drilling crews have to operate through the depth of the sea water column. Climates & Environments Corrosive to machines Limited Storage space Vessel dynamic positioning And, $,PE3043-Page 11,Drill at Sea,PE3043-Page 12,Drilling Rigs,From Left to right, Land based oil exploration r
5、ig, Platform rig, Jack-up rig, Semi-submersible, Drill ship and another deeper water Semi-submersible.,PE3043-Page 13,Jack-up Unit,A jack-up unit is a barge with legs that can be lowered or raised. The barge is towed to the drilling location with its legs in the raised position. Once in position, th
6、e legs are lowered. When they reach the sea-bed, the barges body is hoisted above the water, creating a stable drilling platform. The length of the legs determines the depth of water in which a jack-up barge can be used. They can generally be used in up to 100 meters of water. Jack-up barges are wid
7、ely employed in the relatively shallow waters of the North Seas Southern basin.,PE3043-Page 14,Semi-Submersible Drilling Rig,A semi-submersible drilling rig is normally a self-propelled working platform supported by vertical columns on submerged pontoons. By varying the amount of ballast water in th
8、e pontoons, the unit can be raised or lowered in the water.,PE3043-Page 15,Semi-Submersible Drilling Rig,The lower the pontoons lie beneath the surface of the water, the less they are affected by wave action. This reduces vertical movement and allows drilling to continue in moderately rough seas. A
9、semi-submersible vessel is normally held in position by up to eight very large anchors, or by dynamic positioning. Dynamic positioning systems use computer controlled directional propellers to keep the vessel stationary relative to the sea-bed, compensating for wind, wave or current. Semi-submersibl
10、es can drill in water depths to 300 meters or more all year round.,PE3043-Page 16,Drillship,PE3043-Page 17,Drillship,Drill ships have a broadly conventional ships hull, but also feature a large aperture, known as a “moon pool“, through which drilling takes place. Either purpose built, or converted f
11、rom some other use, drill ships can be moved easily between locations. They can carry large stocks of supplies, but are not as stable as semi-submersibles. Drill ships use either anchors or dynamic positioning to maintain station. The latest drill ships can operate in 1,500 meters of water.,PE3043-P
12、age 18,Summary-after Evans (1995),PE3043-Page 19,Schematic of Equipment for Marine Drilling Operations,Fig. 1.58,Read Chap 1.9,PE3043-Page 20,Subsea Equipment Installation Procedure,Fig. 1.63,PE3043-Page 21,Spread Mooring System,Symmetric Six-line (6s),60,PE3043-Page 22,Land Based Drilling -Mobile,h
13、ttp:/www.brookes.ac.uk/geology/8361/1998/jeff/rotary.html,PE3043-Page 23,Typical Drilling Rig Organizations,PE3043-Page 24,Main Rig Components,Power System Hoisting System Fluid Circulating System Rotary System Well Control System Well Monitoring System,PE3043-Page 25,The Rotary Drilling Process,Fig
14、. 1.4,PE3043-Page 26,Power System,Most rig power is consumed by the hoisting and fluid circulating systems Diesel-electric rigs Generate electricity, through electric motors Simple, flexible Direct-drive rigs Use gears, chains, belts, and clutches to transmit power,PE3043-Page 27,Power Output,PE3043
15、-Page 28,Heat energy input to the engine,wf-Rate of fuel consumptionH-heating value,Overall power system efficiency is defined as:,PE3043-Page 29,Heating Value of Various Fuels,PE3043-Page 30,Example 1.1A diesel engine gives an output torque of 1,740 ft-lbf at an engine speed of 1,200 rpm. If the fu
16、el consumption rate was 31.5 gal/hr, what is the output power and overall efficiency of the engine?Solution: The angular velocity, w , is given byw = 2p N=2p (1,200) = 7,539.8 rad/minThe power output:,PE3043-Page 31,Fuel type: diesel density=7.2 lbm/gal, H=19,000 Btu/lbm (Table 1.1) The total heat e
17、nergy consumed by the engine is given by,PE3043-Page 32,Overall efficiency of the engine at 1,200 rpm:,PE3043-Page 33,Hoisting System,Derrick & Substructure Block & Tackle Drawworks,PE3043-Page 34,Routine Drilling Operations Performed with the Hoisting System,Making a connection Making a trip,PE3043
18、-Page 35,Making a Connection,Fig. 1.14,Mouse Hole,PE3043-Page 36,Making a connection-contd,Fig. 1.14,Mouse Hole,PE3043-Page 37,Making a Trip Pulling out of the hole,Fig. 1.15,Rat Hole,Mouse Hole,PE3043-Page 38,Making a Trip-contd,Fig. 1.15,PE3043-Page 39,Block and Tackle,Permit easier handling of la
19、rge load Simple pulley system Force/Distance tradeoff How a block and tackle works http:/ 40,Block and Tackle,PE3043-Page 41,Projection of Drilling Lines on Rig Floor,PE3043-Page 42,Mechanical Advantage,PE3043-Page 43,Ideal Mechanical Advantage,Assume No Friction nFf=W,PE3043-Page 44,Power Efficienc
20、y,If traveling block moves up/down L distance, fast line reels nL distance Thus, the input power:Output power, or hook power:Efficiency:,PE3043-Page 45,Power Efficiency-contd,For a frictionless system: nFf=W = E=1,PE3043-Page 46,Tension in the Fast Line,PE3043-Page 47,Derrick Load,PE3043-Page 48,Leg
21、 Load,PE3043-Page 49,Maximum equivalent derrick load:Derrick efficiency factor:,PE3043-Page 50,A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The drawworks can provide an input power to the block and tackle system as high as 500 hp. Eight lines are strung between the crown block and traveling block. Calcul
22、ate1. The static tension in the fast line when upward motion is impending2. The maximum hook horsepower available3. The maximum hoisting speed4. The actual derrick load,Example 1.2,PE3043-Page 51,5. the maximum equivalent derrick load6. the derrick efficiency factor Assume that the rig floor is arra
23、nged as shown in Fig. 1.17,Solution: 1. The power efficiency: E=0.841 for n=8 (Table 1.2),PE3043-Page 52,2. The maximum hook horsepower available is:Ph = EPi = 0.841x500 = 420.5 hp 3. The maximum hoisting speed is given by To pull a 90-ft stand would require,PE3043-Page 53,4. derrick load is given b
24、y 5. The maximum equivalent load is 6. The derrick efficiency factor is:,PE3043-Page 54,Drawworks,The drum Transmit the torque, store the drilling line The brakes Stop and sustain the great weights imposed when lowering a string of pipe into the hole The transmission Change direction and speed of traveling block The catheads Assist in lifting or moving equipment on the rig floor,PE3043-Page 55,Drawworks,
