1、16、 But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.词汇突破:1.rests on 基于 ,取决于例句:(我给的例句从来都是最接近考研语境的。)The True Finns chances probably rest on the degr
2、ee/ to which Mr Soini is prepared to compromise his anti-EU position.主干:chances probably rest on the degree (机会取决于程度)词汇: compromise 妥协让步;(正统芬兰人党的机会或许将取决于索依尼准备对其反欧盟立场作出让步的程度。)2. established conventions 已确立的传统3. journalist 新闻记者主干识别:the idea rests on an understanding其他成分:the journalist must understand
3、the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen(同位语从句)of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.(定语)翻译点拨:词汇点拨:rests on 基于established conventions 已确立的传统(规定 /习俗)成分的点拨:先翻译同位语从句:the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen新闻记者应比普通公民
4、更加深刻(透彻)地了解法律再翻主句:主句中定语和宾语的处理:an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.对于新闻媒体中已确立的传统和特殊责任的理解根据语义可以确定 of the news media.修饰 the established conventions and special responsibilities参考译文:新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律,这种看法是基于对新闻媒体中已确立的传统(规定)和特殊责任的理解。GeorgeOsbor
5、ne, Britains chancellor 英国的财务大臣乔治奥斯本,他的很多主张让英国的经济恢复的很好。但是傲慢的经济学人就是觉得他是个屌丝,觉得他缺乏体面的帝国尊严感,只知道赚钱,而且奥斯本对中国的发展之路是比较认可的,这也成了他被攻击的对象。老牌傲慢的日不落帝国的遗老们对于中国的崛起一时是很难接受的,我们可以给他们时间适应。今天的文章一开头就是这样写道的:IFYOU want to get rich, goes a Chinese saying, first build a road. GeorgeOsborne, Britains chancellor, seems to agre
6、e. He seldom misses a chance to puton a hard hat and proclaim the virtues of more roads and railways. 中国谚语说道,要想富,先修路。乔治奥斯本作为英国的大臣似乎认同这一说法,他很少错过任何一个机会去戴上安全帽并宣讲修更多铁路和更多公路的好处。然后讲了他给的很多修路好处的修辞;接着第二段就谈到:Yetfor all the rhetoric, in recent years British infrastructure has been deteriorating. 尽管给了这么多修辞,最近几年
7、英国的基础设施建设变得越来越糟糕。17、 A small infrastructure budget is not necessarily a bad thing, if the money is used wisely. This often means spending on unsexy thingsimproving traffic lights and so forthrather than big, expensive undertakings. In 2006 Sir Rod Eddington, an Australian businessman, published a go
8、vernment-backed review of Britains infrastructure provision, warning against grand projects for having cost-benefit ratios that are often worse than other less-exciting transport projects.词汇突破:1. Infrastructure budget 基础设施预算2. unsexy 不性感,但在这里表示“普通”;= less-exciting反义词:big 和 expensivesexy 常常被用到,比如你考试成
9、绩不错,可以说:Your exam score is really sexy.你的计划真棒:Your plan is sexy.老外就是没有进化完整,夸个人都是污,really dirty!3.undertaking 项目,事业4. government-backed 政府支持的5. provision 供应,供给;例句:The government is respopnsible for the provision of health care.政府负责提供医疗服务。infrastructure provision 这里可以翻译为基础设施的建设6. cost-benefit ratios 开
10、支和收益比率解析:1. A small infrastructure budget is not necessarily a bad thing, if the money is used wisely.(中英文语序基本一致。)如果资金能够合理的利用的话,那么小额的基础设施预算也不一定就是坏事。2. This often means spending on unsexy thingsimproving traffic lights and so forthrather than big, expensive undertakings.(中英文语序基本一致。)小额的预算常常意味着在一些普通的事情
11、上花钱,比如改善交通信号灯等等,而不是投资到一些大型的或者昂贵的项目。3. In 2006 Sir Rod Eddington, an Australian businessman, published a government-backed review of Britains infrastructure provision, warning against grand projects for having cost-benefit ratios that are often worse than other less-exciting transport projects.主干:Sir
12、 Rod Eddington published a review.其他成分: warning against grand projects for having cost-benefit ratiosthat are often worse than other less-exciting transport projects.这个部分可以独立成句为:Review warns againstSir Rod Eddington warns against因为是这个写的这份报告,所以 warns 的主语既可以是人也可以是报告;grand projects for/ (grand projects
13、 ) having cost-benefit ratios/ that= (cost-benefit ratios )are often worse than other less-excitingtransport projects.参考译文 :(早在)2006 年,一位澳大利亚的商人,Rod Eddington 爵士在政府的支持下出版了一份英国基础设施建设的报告(综述),对那些开支和收益率常常比其他小型交通项目更糟糕的大型项目提出了警告。(也可以翻译为:出版了一份政府支持下的英国基础设施建设报告。)18、 Anthropology is a science in that anthropo
14、logists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.词汇突破:1. Anthropology 人类学 Anthropologist 人类学家2. rigorous: done carefully and with a lot of attention to detail.谨慎的,细致的,彻底的;demanding that particular rules, processes, etc. are strictly followed
15、. 严格的,严厉的;3. document (动词)记录4. a set of 一套5. in that= because 因为引导状语从句;解析:Anthropology is a science(主句) /(状语从句) in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations /(定语从句)that can be checked by others. 翻译的时候可以分为三个部分。参考译文: 人类学是一门科学,因为人类学家采用一整套极细致的方法和技术来记录观测结果
16、,同时这样记录下来的观测结果可供他人检验。背景解析:一门学科能不能被定义为科学,要看这么学科是否符合“科学” 的定义:辞海中科学是这样定义的:运用范畴、定理、定律等思维形式反映现实世界各种现象的本质的规律的知识体系。牛津字典的定义是:knowledge about structure and behavior of the natural and physical world, based on facts that you can prove, for example by experiments.科学强调基于实证和数据分析;心理学,人类学,经济学,这些学科算不算 science?一直都是大
17、家在争论的问题。SINCE its return to power last May, Britains Conservative government has made clear its intention to loosen the laws on Sunday trading by devolving decisions over shops opening hours to local councils.同学们还记不记得 devolve 这个词!赶快翻看之前的句子!背景介绍: 二战结束以后,英国工党(labor) 和保守党(conservative 又叫 Tory 托利党)轮流执政。
18、工党政府在五十年代建立起来的国家福利体制,对英国和欧洲的发展有深远的影响,后来保守党执政并不改变工党的社会福利政策。免费教育和医疗体系非常健全。当年国务院副总理王震访英深受震撼,回来后成为邓小平同志改革开放政策的坚定支持者。英国的劳动法也是很矫情的。商场周日上班时间就是中午 12 点到下午 6 点;你要敢开门你就是违反劳动法;但是政府准备放开这个规定19、 A of B and C 这种情况到底是: A of B 和 C 并列呢?还是 of B and C 做 A 的定语;这个从语法上真没有办法判定,一般都是结合语境从语义的角度进行判断;不过通常我会优先认定为 of B and C 做定语;实
19、在语义不通顺再改判;The government says loosening the regulations would help the high street, which is struggling to compete with online retailers that trade seven days a week. Labour opposed the plan on the ground that workers could be forced to work when they do not want to. Tory traditionalists said Sunday
20、 should remain a day of rest.解析:1.SINCE its return to power last May, /Britains Conservative government has made clear its intention to loosen the laws on Sunday trading /by devolving decisions over shops opening hours to local councils(独立成句).词汇突破:1. Britains Conservative government 英国保守党政府2. loosen
21、 the laws on Sunday trading 放松周日商业的法律规定3. devolving decisions (over shops opening hours 定语修饰 decision) to local councils.Over=关于Devolve A to B 将关于商店营业时间的决定权交给地方议会参考译文:自从去年五月保守党重新执政以来,保守党政府就是明确表示他们有意放松对于周日交易的法律规定,并将关于商店营业时间的决定权交给地方议会。2. The government says loosening the regulations would help the hig
22、h street, /which is struggling to compete with online retailers that trade seven days a week.词汇突破 1. loosen 放松2. the high street 商业街是城镇主要商业街通用的一个转喻说法,可以直接称为“商业街” ,在英国尤为常用。High Street 通常是市中心商店和商家最集中的地方,也经常被用来指代零售业。 在美国、加拿大和爱尔兰则多用 Main Street 来指代商铺集中的商业街,苏格兰一些小乡镇和澳大利亚部分郊区也用这个说法。在牙买加、英格兰东北部以及加拿大和美国部分地区
23、,主要的商业区则用 Front Street 表示。3. trade 经营参考译文:城市零售业正在与那些一天经营七天的网络零售商苦苦地竞争,政府认为放宽规定将有助于城市商业街的(经营)。3. Labour opposed the plan on the ground that workers could be forced to work when they do not want to. Tory traditionalists said Sunday should remain a day of rest.(今天的任务)词汇突破:Labour 工党Tory traditionalists
24、传统的保守主义者;(在保守党里还要分为传统的保守主义者和新保守主义者,这里的传统保守主义者的看法和政府的看法还不一样。)参考译文:工党反对政府的计划基于的理论是当工人不想工作的时候会被强迫去工作。传统的保守主义者们也说周日应该是休息日。20、 For now, he reckons, general-purpose machine intelligence remains a long way off. The pattern-recognizing abilities of deep-learning algorithms(n.演算法; 运算法则; algorithm 的名词复数 ) 计算程
25、序; are impressive, but computers still lack many of the mental tools that humans take for granted. A big one is “transfer learning”, which is what AI researchers call reasoning by analogy. This is the ability to take lessons learned in one domain and apply them to another. And machines like AlphaGo
26、have no goals, and no more awareness of their own existence than does a word processor or a piece of accounting software.词汇突破:1. Reckon 认为 (这样的词最安全的就是翻译为认为。)2. general-purpose (Having a wide range of different uses;)多功能的,多用途的;3. The pattern-recognizing abilities of deep-learning algorithms 深度学习运算法则的
27、模式识别能力 (这个名词真的是够装的,我反正不知道在说什么,但是据说就是阿尔法狗的核心竞争力。)4. transfer learning 转移学习能力5. reasoning by analogy. 通过类比来推理6. apply A to B 运用 A 到 B 中7. no morethan双方否定句型 (这是每年考研都会讲到的一个句型,今年的句子中又遇到了,所以变得是内容,不变的是结构。)例句: I run no faster than dose Jack.=I run no faster than Jack does.(faster 中的-er 就等于 more,每年都有蠢萌的人来问我怎
28、么没有 more)我跑的不快,就如 Jack 跑的也不快那样。(在 than 引导的句子中虽然没有否定词但是也要翻译成否定的含义。)这种结构也可以是:not (few)any more than这样的变体。解析:1. For now, he reckons, general-purpose machine intelligence remains a long way off.他认为,迄今一般性目的的机器智能还有很长一段路要走。2. The pattern-recognizing abilities of deep-learning algorithms are impressive, but
29、 computers still lack many of the mental tools that humans take for granted.虽然深度学习运算法则的模式识别能力给人印象深刻,但是计算机依然缺乏很多人类轻易就能具备(take for granted)的思维工具.3. A big one is “transfer learning”, which is what AI researchers call reasoning by analogy.其中很大的一个就是“转移学习能力。” 也就是人工智能研究者所称的“通过类比来推理”4. This is the ability t
30、o take lessons learned in one domain and apply them to another.这种能力是指把在一个领域中所学的教训运用到另外的一个领域中去。5. And machines like AlphaGo have no goals, and no more awareness of their own existence than does a word processor or a piece of accounting software.而且像阿尔法狗这样的机器是没有目标的。他们没有自己存在的意识,就如一个文档处理软件或者会计软件也没有自我存在意识
31、一样。21、 But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.词汇突破: 1.primary 首要的2.moral code 道德原则 /规范3.Govern 管理,支配,统治4.dedicate ones energies to sth 致力于
32、某事5.exploration 探索,探究句子解析:还是 notany more than 结构,双方否定的句型;还是把句子拆分:A= But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity.B= a businessman is (not) expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.参考译文:但是,他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范,就如同(我们
33、)不能指望商人会致力于探索行业规范一样。友情提示: Notany more than, 从结构上我们已经掌握了,再从表意功能上看,我们其实可以知道,这个结构很多时候就是为了把两个表示否定的句子连接起来而已。第二个句子所表述的事实往往是被读者所熟悉的,和接受的,这样能更好的表达第一个句子的意思。再提醒一下,这个结构中的 not,可以不是 not,可以是其他的否定词,no, few, hardly, never,nobody 都可以;同学们试着看看下面的句子:Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in job advertise
34、ment /any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and more serious faults.这个句子同样是结构:not.any more than 的变体;这是在这里 not 变成了 nobody;Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in job advertisementOne with any sense (有头脑的人)先翻前半句:任何有头脑的人都不指望招聘广告里说的话都是真话,any more
35、 than + 否定含义同样他也不会指望求职者会说出自己的缺点和严重过失。参考译文:任何有头脑的人都不指望招聘广告里说的话都是真话,同样他也不会指望求职者会说出自己的缺点和严重过失。欧洲经济一直是在苦苦挣扎,E.C.B. Takes Bold Steps to Stimulate Eurozone Economy欧洲央行推出强力措施刺激欧元区经济The European Central Bank took a series of unexpected and radical steps on Thursday to stimulate the sluggish Euro zone econom
36、y, including effectively paying banks to lend money.欧洲中央银行(European Central Bank)采取了一系列出人意料的激进措施,包括相当于出钱让银行放贷,以刺激疲软的欧元区经济。22、 While increasing the penalty it charges banks to store funds in its virtual vaults, as expected, the central bank surprised analysts and investors by saying it would also off
37、er four-year loans to commercial banks under an arrangement that would pay the banks interest on money they lend to businesses and consumers.词汇突破:1.as expected 如预期那样2. penalty 处罚3. virtual vaults 虚拟金库Virtual reality 虚拟现实Virtual 这个词一定要看英文解释;1) almost or very nearly the thing described, so that any sl
38、ight difference is not important. 几乎,实际上;He married a virtual stranger. 他娶了一位几乎素不相识的女子。2) made to appear to exist by the use of computer software 虚拟的4. surprise 使吃惊主干识别:the central bank surprised analysts and investors切分 1.While increasing the penalty it charges banks to store funds in its virtual v
39、aults,(状语)Increasing 的动作发出者是 the central bank;所以独立成句为:The central bank increases the penalty(主干)/ (that it charges banks to store funds in its virtual vaults).参考译文:欧洲央行加大了对银行把钱存放在其虚拟金库里的惩罚力度。2. by saying it would also offer four-year loans to commercial banks under an arrangement that would pay the
40、banks interest on money they lend to businesses and consumers.(状语)Saying 的动作发出者也是 the central bank; 所以独立成句为:The central bank says it would also offer four-year loans to commercial banks /under an arrangement/ that=loans(根据语义找出来的,和语法无关,能发出 pay 这个动作的只有loans) would pay the banks interest on money / (th
41、at) they lend to businesses and consumers.参考译文:与此同时,该行还表示,将按一项协议的规定,向商业银行提供四年期贷款。这些贷款将向银行支付其发放给企业和消费者的贷款产生的利息。说明:这样这个句子其实是“主句+1+2”一共三个句子构成;翻译的时候按照汉语的习惯。将主句最后翻译。 (切分,调序 )参考译文:如预期那样,欧洲央行加大了对银行把钱存放在其虚拟金库里的惩罚力度。与此同时,该行还表示,将按一项协议的规定,向商业银行提供四年期贷款。这些贷款将向银行支付其发放给企业和消费者的贷款产生的利息。此举令分析人士和投资者大感意外。今天句子是关于美国法学院学生
42、就业的句子:近十年前,加利福尼亚州怀有一腔抱负的年轻律师安娜阿拉布尔达(Anna Alaburda)以在班上名列前茅的成绩毕业,并通过了州律师资格考但周一,在圣地亚哥的一家法院,她将讲述一个对美国的法律专业学生来说再熟悉不过的故事:自 2008 年从托马斯杰斐逊法学院(Thomas Jefferson School of Law)毕业以来,她尚未找到一份带薪的全职律师工作。23、 From there, though, her story has taken an unusual twist: Alaburda, 37, is the first former law student whos
43、e case against a law school, charging that it inflated the employment data for its graduates as a way to lure students to enroll, will go to trial. 词汇突破:1. take an unusual twist : 发生了不寻常的转折;2.inflate: 增加3.lure:引诱4.enroll: 入学5.go to trial: 开庭审理6. charge: 指控,指责,(要价,收费,昨晚句子中就是这个意思。)7.against: 反对8.thoug
44、h : 两个逗号间的 though 表示“ 但是”主干识别:Her story has taken an unusual twist. 她的故事发生了不同寻常的转折。切分: 1. Alaburda, 37, is the first former law student 2. whose case against a law school will go to trial独立成句:Alaburdas case (against a law school 定语修饰 case) will go to trial. 3. charging that it inflated the employmen
45、t data for its graduates as a way to lure students to enroll. charge 的动作发出者是: Alburda ,独立成句为:Alburda charges that it inflated the employment data for its graduates as a way to lure students to enroll.这样这个句子就是“主句+1+2+3” 再按中文的习惯调序。什么?你不会!我知道。慢慢就会了。参考译文:但从这里开始,她的故事发生了一个不同寻常的转折:37 岁的阿拉布尔控告法律学校夸大毕业生就业数据,
46、以此诱骗学生入学。她成为第一个这样做法学生。她的案子也即将开庭。24、 With Humility, Starbucks Will Enter Italian Market带着一颗谦卑的心,星巴克来到意大利Equally remarkable, given that Starbucks operates in 70 countries, is this: Not one of those people is in Italy, a country where coffee culture is central to daily life, and that represents somethi
47、ng of a coffee holy grail to Schultz. Italy, land of the perfect espresso and the exquisitely frothy cappuccino, is a Starbucks-free nation.词汇突破: 1.remarkable 引人注意2. holy grail (圣杯=grail) 渴望但永远得不到的东西;努力追求但永远不可能实现的目标(或理想)3. espresso 意式浓缩咖啡Schultz 这是人名,是星巴克的老总,你不认识也无所谓了哈。4. frothy 多泡沫的5. exquisitely 精
48、致的the exquisitely frothy cappuccino “这里可以不翻译为精致的了,翻译为:绵密,很多,就可以了。”6. be central to 对很重要;Equally remarkable, given that Starbucks operates in 70 countries, is this: Not one of those people is in Italy, a country where coffee culture is central to daily life, and that represents something of a coffee
49、holy grail to Schultz. Italy, land of the perfect espresso and the exquisitely frothy cappuccino, is a Starbucks-free nation.主干识别:Equally remarkable is this 这是完全倒装啊!我的天啊!真的又遇到了啊!赶快还原:This is equally remarkable.翻译的时候可以翻译为:同样引人注意的一点是。状语: given that Starbucks operates in 70 countries 考虑到星巴克在 70 个国家开展业务冒号继续解释:Not one of those people is in Italy, 没有一个业务员在意大利。同位语独立成句:Italy is a country /where coffee culture is central to daily life, and/ that=(Italy) represents something of a coffee holy grail to Schultz.这个国家的咖啡文化是日常生活中极为重要的部分,对舒尔茨而言,意大利也有着咖啡圣杯的意义。第二句:Italy, lan