1、,英语2,English 2,Class：Class One/Class Two/Class Three in the year 2015 Major: Nursing/Pharmacy,Unit 8,Help Yourself， Please.,Contents,Integrated Skills DevelopmentDialogue A. CheersDialogue B. What About Some Fruit?Passage A. How Americans Received Their Guests at Home?B. Food in Chinese Culture（self
2、-study）Applied Writing: Invitation and Replies邀请函与回复函 (II)Pick up Your Grammar: Complex Object-复合宾语,Teaching Aims,1. Get the Ss to be able to read the new words in Dialogue A and Dialogue B. 2. Get the Ss to be able to read the Dialogue A & B fluently and to recite the useful expressions, as well to
3、 make simple dialogues by using these expressions. 3. Get the Ss be able to read and use the new words in passage A and passage B. 4. Get the Ss be able to understand passage A thoroughly and master some useful phrases and words, as well sentences patterns. 5. Help the Ss to master some information
4、about how Americans receive their guests at home through learning passage A in this unit. 6. Get the Ss to master the Grammar: 复合宾语 7. Do the exercises to revise what we have learned in this unit. 8. Finish the exercises related to this unit.,Teaching Aims,1.听说： 2. 读译写： 。 3.写：A. B.,Emphases & diffic
5、ulties,1. Communicative Focus-交际重点：掌握祝酒词以及用菜用语 2. Focal Words & Expressions-重点训练单词 和词组。 3. Focal Functions & Patterns-重点句型和习惯表达法。 4. Grammar: 复合宾语。 5. Applied Writing-邀请函与回复函 (II)。,appetizing causing desire, esp. for food 开胃的，引起食欲的；美味的e.g. The Sweet and Sour Fish is very appetizing糖醋鱼很爽口。The Braised
6、 adj. 炖熟的；焖熟的 Beef smells appetizing红烧牛肉闻起来令人垂涎。,词汇学习-Word Usage,cheer n. lightness of spirits or mood; gaiety or joy高兴或欢乐；a shout of approval,encouragement, or congratulation 喝彩（表示赞赏、鼓励或祝贺）v. to make happier or more cheerful为加油，欢呼(cheers)敬酒语e.g. He needed a cup of tea to cheer himself up他需要一杯茶为自己加油
7、。The fans cheered the runners on.热烈的观众们用欢呼声为赛跑选手打气。,cheer Hes always full of cheer even in a difficult situation他甚至在困境中也总是兴致致勃勃。Lets give three cheers for the visitors让我们向来宾三次欢呼。A good meal brought cheer to our hearts.一顿美餐使我们心中愉快。Cheers!干杯！,crispy= crisp ; hard; dry; easily broken; firm and fresh, a
8、s lf recently made or grown脆的；易碎的；干而硬的；鲜嫩而爽口的e.g. The boy likes crispy biscuits这个孩子喜欢吃脆饼干。This kind of apple tastes crispy.这种苹果吃起来脆生生的。,dean n. an administrative officer in charge of a college or university 大学的学院院长；系主任；部门主任e.g. He has been promoted to be dean of personnel division.他已经被提拔成人事处主任。The d
9、ean of educational affairs in our college is a learned person.我校的教务主任是个有学识的人。,fork n. an instrument for holding food or carrying it to the mouth, having a handle at one end with two or more points at the other饕叉，叉子e.g. A small fork is used to lift food.小叉了是用来叉食品。When you eat Western meal, you should
10、 use a knife and fork.吃西餐时，你应该用刀叉。,juicy a. having a lot of juice 多汁的e.g. Do you like juicy peaches?你喜欢吃水蜜桃吗？These are fresh and juicy oranges.这些是新鲜多汁的桔子。,meal n. an amount of food eaten at one time餐，饭e.g. She cooks a hot meal in the evening晚上她烧一顿热饭。Breakfast is the first meal of the day早餐是一天内的第一顿饭。
11、,roast v. to cook or be cooked by dry heat, either over a fire or in a hot box烤，烘e.g. The meat is roasting nicely内烤得正香。Coffee beans are roasted before they are used to make coffee 咖啡豆在做成咖啡之前首先要烘干。,soura. having a sharp taste like the taste of an apple that is not ripe yet 酸的，酸味的e.g. The grapes were
12、too sour to eat.这葡萄酸了，几乎不能吃。This milk has turned sour.这牛奶已经酸了。,spirit n(usu. )（常用复数）a strong alcoholic drink, such as whisky or brandy, produced by distilling 烈酒（如威士忌，白兰地等）.g. I prefer spirits to beer与啤酒比较，我更喜欢烈酒。Do you drink spirits?你喝白酒吗？,splendida. very fine; excellent极好的，上等的，杰出的e.g. Youve passed
13、 the examination. Splendid!你已经通过了考试。太好了！Having a house party is a splendid idea举办一个家庭聚会是个非常好的主意。,tendera. easy to bite through; soft 嫩的，松软的e.g. This steak is very tender这块年排非常嫩。The leaves in spring are green and tender春天的树叶翠绿而柔嫩。Antonym: tough and difficult to cut or eat 切（咬）不动的e g This meat is toug
14、h.这肉咬不动。We dont like tough steak我们不喜欢咬不动的牛排。,1Cheers!干杯！Cheers!（敬酒辞）干杯；祝你健康，属于非正式用语。类似的句子还有：Bottoms up!干杯，属于非正式且幽默的说法。To your health! Heres to your health!干杯，祝你健康！T0 2001 1为2001年干杯！To Mary and John!为玛丽和约翰干杯。这些都是敬酒辞，意思是“为干杯”或“敬一杯”或“祝愿”，其前还p between our twocountries女士们，先生们，我提议为我们两国的友谊干杯1,1Cheers可以加Her
15、es。其他还有：I propose a toast to我提议为干杯。Lets drink a toast to让我们举杯祝贺。Lets drink(a toast) to our great country让我们为伟大的祖国干杯。I propose a toast to all our friends gathered here tonight我提议为今晚到场聚会的所有的朋友干杯！Ladies and gentlemen, ld like to propose a toast to the friendship between our twocountries女士们，先生们，我提议为我们两国
16、的友谊干杯1,2 Zhou Hong, Dean of the Department of Foreign Languages周宏是外语系主任，dear.可以指“教务处长，学院院长，系主任”等。e.g. Peter is the dean of School of Further Education彼得是继续教育学院的院长。Prof. Zhao, our Dean, is also in charge of the Department of Foreign Languages我们的赵主任也负责外语系。,3 Would you like to use chopsticks or a knife
17、 and fork?您想用筷子还是刀叉？a knife and fork -套刀叉不定冠a/an常用在表示成对名词的第个鼎词之前。e.g. a cup and saucer 一套杯碟a hat and coat 一套衣帽a lock and key 一套锁和钥匙如果与两个不是“自然成对”的词连用，则各个名词前面都要用不定冠词：e.g. When you go on holiday, take a raincoat and a camera. 你去度假时，要带上雨衣和照相机。What he needs is a pen and a piece of paper他需要的是一枝笔和一张纸。,4. I
18、 think IIl try chopsticks and see if l can manage them.我想还是试试用筷子吧，看我会不会用。比较：try与managetry努力，尝试。指多次试图去做某事。多含有虽然失败，但仍想方设法继续。争取成功之意。manage做成。指努力去做某事，并且取得成功。e.g. He tried to do the experiment many times, but failed.他多次做实验，但均末成功。Although he was very busy, he managed to attend the meeting.他虽然很忙，但还是设法参加了会议
19、。,brochure =booklet/pamphlet 宣传小册子常用词组：holiday brochure 度假手册travel brochure 导游手册tour brochure 旅游小册子,circumstance condition 他做此事是为环境所迫。 He was forced by the circumstance to do this.condition: 一般强调产生影响的原因或环境， 复数形式(conditions)指笼统的情况。 circumstance: 多指周围的情况或某事发生时的情况。in/ under the circumstance 既然如此under n
20、o circumstance 决不，无论如何都不,due (to): 由于，因为= because of , owing toe.g. 他的成功是努力工作的结果。His success is due to hard work. undue adj. 过分的，不适当的 e.g. 他对她表现出过分的关心。 He showed undue concern over her.,energetic a. 精力旺盛的，有力的，活跃的=full of energy, powerfully active e.g. 我从没有见过精力如此旺盛的小孩。I never saw such an energetic ch
21、ild.active, energetic, brisk, lively active: 指有活动能力，强调积极活动状态。 energetic: 指精力充沛、奋力从事某事业。 brisk: 指动作敏捷、充满活力、轻快活泼地从事某项工作或活动。 lively: 侧重指轻快，机智，有生气。,extra a.= additional 额外的，外加的e.g. 做额外的工作，可以获得额外的报酬。If you do extra work, you can get an extra pay.9. guidance n. guiding, being guided指导e.g. 我在学习上很需要你的指导。 I
22、do need your guidance with my study.在他的指导下，我们顺利地完成了工作。 Under his guidance, we finished the work smoothly.,impossible a. not possible不可能的 e.g. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.常用搭配：next to impossible 几乎不可能的impossible event 不可能事件impossible before everything 比任何事情都重要,individual a.个体
23、的；个人的 = (personal, private)n. 个体的人e.g. 这位艺术家有着独特的绘画风格。The artist hs an individual style of painting.个人权利应当得到尊重。The rights of the individual should be respectedindividual指得是“个体”，这里强调它是与“家庭”、“团体”、“社会”等整体相对的一个概念，要注意不可将其广泛用作“人”的意思。,rare a. 罕见的，少有的e.g. 他很少迟到。its very rare for him to be late. seldom done
24、or found or occurring, uncommon13. satisfy v.=please 使满意，满足 常用搭配： satisfy with满足于，使-满意 satisfy sb. satisfy of sth.使对- - -感到信服，使相信e.g. 那个答案不会使她满意的。That answer wont satisfy her.反义词： dissatisfy 使不满fall short of 没有达到，未能满足,spot n. 地点，场所 v. 玷污、败坏 = place, position, location, sitespot表示“地点”时，前面习惯与介词on搭配。 e
25、.g. 我发现她站在这个地方。I found her standing on this spot.他因盗窃而败坏了自己的名声。He spotted his reputation by stealing.Holiday spot 度假地点注： spots 有时可作“污点”意思,suit v. to satisfy or please 适合常用搭配：suit sb. ：适合某人e.g. 那个时间合适吗？Will that time suit you?这件新衣服你穿很合身。The new dress suits you very well.,writing 书写，写作，书面形式Writing is
26、his life. writings 著作，写作e.g. 你读过他的作品吗？Have you read his writings? 常用搭配： in writing 书面writing on the wall 注定的事、 不祥之兆、墙上的笔迹,responsibility,n. being responsible, charge使承担 for which one is responsible 责任， 职责，任务e.g. Mary is a woman with many responsibilities.He is a husband with no sense of responsibili
27、ty.,unfortunately,ad. un+fortunate+ly 不幸的， 可惜地，遗憾地e.g. Unfortunately, he lost his job.Unfortunately, the lectures was one of the dullest.,make sure,make or become certain, ensure 确信，确保e.g. She made sure that she had turned off the gas.Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out.,do ones best,d
28、o all one can 尽最大的努力 e.g. We did our best, but we failed.Ill do my best to help you.,Text Analysis,语言点（Language Points） 课文补充注释（Notes to Passages） 1.Welcome! 欢迎光临！ Welcome 在本文是感叹词。“欢迎到（来）”英语的表达方式是Welcome to 。 e.g. Welcome to China 欢迎来到中国来。 Welcome to our home欢迎到我们家里来 Welcome to Mr. smith欢迎史密斯先生。,Welc
29、ome 也可用作及物动词和形容词。 e.g. The new novel is warmly welcomed by the readers. 新小说受到读者的热烈欢迎。 They welcomed him flowers. 他们用鲜花欢迎他 All suggestions are welcome. 欢迎各种建议。 You are welcome to try, but you wont succeed. 欢迎你一试，但你不会成功。 另外，Your are welcome 可用作答谢语，译作“不用客气”。 Thank you. You are welcome.,2.Wang Tao is wo
30、rking in a joint venture. 王涛在一家合资企业工作。 joint a. 共同的， 共有的，a joint venture/enterprise 合资企业 e.g. This is our joint bank account. 这是我们共同银行账户。 That is a joint venture. 那是一家合资企业。,3. Are you doing anything Saturday evening? 星期六晚上有事吗？ “be + doing”进行时表示将来时间，常用的动词有：go, come, leave, start 等，后面也常用表示较近的将来时间状语，如t
31、omorrow, tonight, this Friday等，表示安排或计划好了的即将进行的行为。 e.g. The train is leaving at three oclock this afternoon. 火车下午3点发车。 They are coming to see you this Friday. 这个星期五他们来看你。,4. Would you be able to come? 你能来吗？ 与can(表示“能力”)比较，be able to 可用于各种时态形式，can 只有现在式和过去式。 e.g. Bob is able to (can) speak English and
32、 Chinese.(现在时) 鲍勃会讲英语和汉语。 Bob was able to (could) run very fast when he was young.(过去时) 鲍勃年轻时能跑的很快。,但表示将来即完成时态，只能用will/shall be able to 和have(has) been able to 。 e.g. If you dont apply soon, you wont be able to get this job.(将来时) 快点儿申请，要不然就得不到那份工作了。 The girl has been able to play the piano since she
33、 was six.(完成时) 这个女孩从6岁起就会弹钢琴了。,在描述一个具体行为圆满成功时，一般不用could, 而用was/were able to, managed to 或者succeeded in +doing.e.g. I talked a long time, and in the end I was able to/managed to make her believe me. I talked a long time, and in the end, I succeeded in making her believe me . 我谈了很久，最后终于使她相信了我。 假如动作未能圆
34、满成功，则可以用 couldnt e.g. I tried for hours, but I couldnt make her believe me. 虽经过好几个钟头的努力，我还是未能使她相信我。,5. We hope youll be able to join us. 我们希望你们能和我们一起吃饭。 比较: hope与 wish Hope和 wish 之后都可接不定式或宾语从句，意为“想”， “希望”。对于有可能实现的希望用hope；只表示主观愿望而不考虑实现的可能性或对于不可能实现的主观愿望则用 wish. e.g. He hopes to become a doctor. 他希望成为一
35、个医生。（他有机会学习并有可能成为医生） I hope you will pass the exam. 我想你能通过考试。（我认为这是有可能的） I hope you will help me with my grammar. 我希望你会帮助我学习语法。（我想让你这样做，而且相信你会这样做）,I wish to go 我想去。（只是我的主观愿望） I wish I were a bird (这是不可能的) I wish you would help me with my grammar. 但愿你能帮助我学习语法。 （我很想这样，单从你的态度判断视乎不大可能） Wish 后可接含不定式做宾语补足
36、语的复合宾语，而 hope则不行。因此可以说sb. wishes sb. to do sth, 但不能说 hope sb. to do sth。 e.g. DO you really wish me to do that job? 你真的希望我做哪项工作吗？ We wish the matter to be settled as soon as possible. 我们希望问题尽快得到解决。,wish 之后可接双宾语，表示祝愿；hope不行。 e.g. I wish you success. 祝你成功。 I wish you a Happy New Year. 祝你新年快乐。,6.How do
37、es 7:00 sound? 7点怎么样 Sound 在这里是系词，故此句的答语可以是：7:00 sounds good.类似含义的句子还有： Does 7:00 suit you? What about 7:00 How about 7:00 Lets decide on 7:00, shall we? Well, then, suppose we meet at 7:00? Could I make it at 7:00?,7.Bob Anderson and his wife, Anna, are about to leave. 鲍勃和夫人安娜准备告辞。 be about to +不定式
38、， “即将（正要）做某事” 比较：be to +不定式与be about to +不定式 be to +不定式的用法有三： 表示按计划、安排即将发生的行为。 e.g. we are to employ someone to work as a receptionist. 我们计划招聘一名接待员。 They are to stay in a youth hostel tonight. 今晚他们要住在一家经年招待所。,常见于报纸和广播，用以宣布官方的计划或决定。 e.g. the Foreign Minister is to make a statement tomorrow. 外长将于明天发表声
39、明。 作为报纸题目，为了节省版面，系动词 is 亦可省略。 可写成： The foreign minister to make a statement tomorrow. 外长将于明天发表声明。 The president to visit China next year. 总统将于明天访华。,表示命令、禁止等。常用语正式文体，主要用于第三人称。 You are to stay here, tom. 汤姆，你的留在这里。 be about to+不定式，则表示“马上就要发生的事”，等于be on the point of “正要”，比be to 表示的时间更为紧迫。 e.g. Look! Th
40、e race is about to start.(The race is just going to start./The race is on the point of starting.) 看！比赛就要开始了。,He was about to rob the bank when he saw a police car coming. 他刚要抢劫银行，突然看到一辆警车驾过来了。 I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要走时，电话铃响了。,8.They expressed their thanks to Wang Tao and hi
41、s wife, Li Hui. 他们向王涛和他的妻子李卉表示谢意。 express ones thanks to “向表示谢意” e.g. please allow me to express my thanks to your family. 请允许我向您的家人表示谢意。 We expressed our thanks to our host. 我们向主人表示谢意。,9.It was very kind of you to invite us. 十分感谢你们的邀请。 比较：It is +adj. +of + sb. + to 不定式与It is +adj. + for+ sb.+ to 不定
42、式 在表示人物性格、特征等形容词的后面，常用of 引出不定式的逻辑主语。因此，“It is + adj. +of + sb. + to不定式”这一句式可改写为sb.+ is/are +adj. +to 不定式 e.g. It is very kind of you to say so.You are very kind to say so. 你能这样说真的太好了。,It was foolish of her to make such a mistake. She was foolish to make such a mistake. 她犯了这样错误真是太愚蠢了。 常见的这类形容词有： brav
43、e(勇敢的) careful(仔细的) careless(粗心的) clever(聪明的) foolish(愚蠢的) good(友善的) honest(诚实的) kind(善良的) nice（正派的） polite(有礼貌的) right(正确的) wise（明智的） wrong(错误的),如果不定式结构的逻辑主语不能改为句子的主语，就要for引出不定式的逻辑主语。 e.g. 正：it is challenging for him to take over the job as manager. 误：He is challenging to take over the job as manag
44、er. 他接任经理职务很有挑战性。 正：It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. 误：A foreigner is difficult to learn Chinese. 外国人学汉语很难。,10.Americans arrange the table and food for the number of guests they have invited. 美国人一般按照他们邀请的客人数目安排餐桌和饮食。 宴请宾客时欧美人一般都事先约定，按照邀请的人数安排饭菜以避免浪费。因此，一旦接受邀请，一定设法前往赴宴。句中they have in
45、vited 是定语从句，修饰guests,省略了在从句中做宾语的关联词that。,11.But they do not expect you to come “on time”, rather 15 minutes later than the time specified. 但是他们并不期望你准点到达。他们更希望你比约定的时间晚到15分钟。 在美国到朋友家做客，应该比约定时间晚15分钟到达。如果你晚到十五分钟以上，应当打电话通知女主人，告诉她你什么时候能到。 rather than 是而不是,应而不应 e.g. His age, she thought, would be rather ov
46、er thirty than under it.她猜想他的年龄应该是在30岁以上，而不在30岁以下。 This is rather for father to decide than for you. 这件事应该由父亲确定，而不是由你来决定。,12.But they do not expect you to touch everything you see. 但是他们不希望你去动所看到的东西。 You see 是定语从句，先行词everything之后的关系代词that省略。当先行词是all， everything, something, nothing等不定代词时，用关系代词that,不用w
47、hich,且起宾语作用的关系代词常常省略。 e.g. Im interested in all (that) you have told me. 我对你告诉我的一切都感兴趣。 Everything that can be done has been done. 能做的都做了。,13.If you are interested in something you see, you should ask for permission to touch it. 如果要动你感兴趣的东西，得挣得主人的同意。 Ask for permission 征得同意 e.g. They asked for permi
48、ssion to enter the factory. 他们要求同意他们进厂。 He asked for permission to go into the lab. 他请求允许进入实验室。,14.At the table, conversation is general but you should comment on how good the food is. 在餐桌上，话题可以很广泛，但是你应当对饮食给予肯定的评价。 e.g. How did they comment on the football match? 他们对这场足球比赛评价如何？ The president refused
49、 to comment on this matter. 总统拒绝对此事发表评论。,15.Except a very formal occasion, it is all right to help yourself to more food. 除非在特别正式的场合，你都可以自己动手添加食物。 比较：besides, except, except forbesides和except都可作“除之外”解，但二者意思有所不同，besides表示“除之外另外还有”的意思， 即“原有数再加”之意；而except则是“除去”的意思，是“原有数中减去”之意。 e.g. Besides English, we learn Chinese, PE and physics. 除了学英语外，我们还学语文、体育和物理。 All are present except Bob. 除鲍勃没来，别人都来了。,except for 则表示“例外”部分。 e.g. his composition is good, except for some spelling mistakes. 他的这篇文章写得很好，只是有几处拼写错误。 Except for an old lady, the bus was empty. 出了一位老太太之外，公共汽车空无一人。,
