1、Business English Reading CoursewareBook 2,Chapter Two International Trade Terms 国际贸易术语,Step One,First, read Material One under teachers instructions. Then teacher gives hints or tips for reading. Finally, teacher checks the answers and gives explanations.,Summary of International Trade Terms 1. Role
2、 of Trade Terms Trade terms, also known as price terms or delivery terms, are standardized terms used in sales contracts that describe the place and manner for the transfer of goods from the seller to the buyer. These trade terms, such as Free On Board (FOB) and Cost, Insurance, and Freight (CIF), m
3、ay also define a variety of other matters, including the price, the time when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and the costs of freight band insurance. The use of trade terms greatly simplifies the process of negotiation of contract, thus saving time and cost for businessmen.,2
4、International Rules on Trade Terms Trade terms have been developed in practice for many years. However, as different countries might have different interpretations of the terms, misunderstandings occurred frequently. To clear up the confusion, some commercial organizations drew up sets of rules or s
5、tandard definitions.,2. 1. Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 This rule was drafted by the Association of International Law in 1932. It contains 21 clauses, which only stipulate the nature of CIF contract, and the charges, risks and obligations which should be born by the seller or the buyer.,2. 2. Revised Am
6、erican Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 This rule was made out by nine American commercial organizations in 1941. It is a set of foreign trade which are considered obsolete, but still sometimes used in domestic U.S. trade. It contains 6 trade terms.,2. 3. International Rule for the Interpretation of T
7、rade Terms 2000 The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in Paris developed INCOTERMS ( International Commercial Terms). It was first published in 1936 and has been periodically revised to account for changing modes of transport and document delivery. The current version is INCOTERMS 2000, which
8、came into force on Jan. 1, 2000. In this rule, there are totally 13 trade terms, which have been divided into 4 different groups.,a. The “E”-term (EXW). The only term where the seller/exporter makes the goods available at his or her own premises to the buyer/importer. b. The “F”-terms (FCA, FAS and
9、FOB). Terms where the seller/ exporter is responsible to deliver the goods to a carrier named by the buyer. c. The “C”-terms (CFR, CIF, CPT and CIP). Terms where the seller/exporter is responsible for contacting and paying for carriage of the goods, but not responsible for additional costs or risk o
10、f loss or damages to the goods once they have been shipped.,d. The “D”-terms (DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU and DDP). Terms where the seller/ exporter is responsible for all costs and risks associated with bringing the goods to the place of destination. D terms evidence “arrival” contracts.,Table INCOMES 2000
11、(a) Group E DepartureEXW Ex Works Group F Main carriage unpaidFCA Free Carrier(named place)FAS Free Alongside Ship(named port of shipment)FOB Free On Board(named port of shipment),Group C Main carriage paid CFR Cost and Freight(.named place of destination) CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight(named port
12、of destination) (b) CPT Carriage Paid To(named port of destination) CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To(named place of destination),Group D ArrivalDAF Delivered At Frontier(named place)DES Delivered Ex Ship(named port of destination)DEQ Delivered Ex Quay(named port of destination)DDU Delivered Duty U
13、npaid(named port of destination)DDP Delivered Duty Paid(named port of destination),Step Two,Students read Material Two themselves firstly. Then teacher checks the answers without giving explanations.,vocabulary,standardize: vt.使标准化 simplify: vt.简化，使简明 periodically: ad.偶然地，定期地 revise: vt.修订，修改；复习 rai
14、l: n.栏杆；轨道；铁路 provision: n.供应；预备；条款 conformity: n.依照；适合；一致(点) transit: n.运输，载运 expiry: vi.期满，(期限)终止 preceding: a.在先的，在前的，前面的 render: vt.使得，致使；给予，提供,inspection: n.检查，细看 inflation: n.通货膨胀 deter: vt.阻止 premium: n.加付款；赠品 flexibility: n.灵活性，柔韧性 alienate: vt.使疏远，离间；转让(财产等) bankrupt: a.破产的；彻底缺乏的 vt.使破产 n.破
15、产者 elasticity: n.弹性，伸缩力 bureaucratic: a.官僚作风的，官僚的；政府机构,eliminate: vt.排除，消除，根除；淘汰 hierarchy: n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层 dedication: a.献身的，一心一意的，热诚的 profitability: n. 收益性, 盈利能力 innovation: n.新方法，新事物；革新，创新,单元注释,clear up: 清理；澄清，解决 drew up: v. 拟定, 起草 account for: 解释，说明 associate with: 与 . 常在一起, 和 . 联想在一起 subject to
16、: 易受 . 影响的, 屈服于 . 的, 让步于 . in accordance with: 与一致，依照，根据 Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932: 1932年华沙-牛津规则，它起源于1928年国际法协会在波兰华沙制定的1928年华沙规则，此后几经修改，最后将此规则确定为1932年华沙-牛津规则,Revised American Foreign Trade Definition 1941: 1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本是1941年，由美国商会、美国进口商全国理事会和美国对外贸易理事会所组成的联合委员会正式通过的，迄今为止，它在美洲大陆都具有相当大的影响。 Internati
17、onal Chamber of Commerce (ICC): 国际商会国际商会成立于1919年，发展至今已拥有来自130多个国家的成员公司和协会，是全球唯一的代表所有企业的权威代言机构。,FOB: 船上交货（指定装运港）FOB术语要求卖方办理货物出口清关手续。该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。 CFR: 成本加运费（指定目的港）CFR术语要求卖方办理出口清关手续。该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。 CIF: 成本、保险费加运费（指定目的港）CIF术语要求卖方办理出口清关手续。该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。,CIP: 运费和保险费付至（指定目的地）CIP术语要求卖方办理出口清关手续。该术语可适用于各种
18、运输方式，包括多式联运。 FAS: 船边交货（指定装运港）FAS术语要求卖方办理货物出口清关手续。 CPT: 运费付至（指定目的地）CPT术语要求卖方办理出口清关手续。该术语可适用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运。,练习答案,【材料一】. 1.A 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B,【材料二】,Analysis： Under FOB terms, it is the buyers obligation to make arrangements for delivering the goods. According to INCOTERMS 2000, “The buyer must contract
19、at his own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment.” It also provides that “The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the vessel name, loading point and required delivery time”. If the buyers vessel fails to arrive at the port of shipment duly, or fails to acc
20、ept the goods, or stop loading ahead of the schedule specified in the contract, all the risks and loss of and damage to the goods are to be borne by the buyer as of the appointed date for delivering the goods or the expiry date of the time limit.,【材料二】,It was learned later that during the implementa
21、tion of the last shipment, the international market price of wheat dropped drastically, which greatly influenced the sales of company B who attempted to cancel the delivery of the last shipment by hanging it up. However, company A made good use of INCOTERMS explanation for FOB terms and protected it
22、s own interests through proper means.,【材料三】,1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C,【材料四】,1.C 2.E 3.A 4.G,【单元弹性练习一】,1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.D 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.A,【单元弹性练习二】,1.YET 2. OF 3. IMPROVE 4. BEEN 5. THIS 6. FROM 7. ALLOW 8. THE 9. THAT 10. CORRECT 11. EXTRA 12. CORRECT,Class is over.,Thanks for your attention.,
