1、Unit Two History of America,Questions for discussion,American history: long or short? The beginning of American history: 1607? 1776? 1789? Great leaders: George Washington; Thomas Jefferson; Abraham Lincoln,Historical factors contributing to Americas rapid development: immigration; westward movement
2、; two world wars,First Period of American History: from 1607 to the Civil War,Earliest immigrants: American Indians from Asia 1492: Columbus discovery of America Settlements established by Spain and Portugal 1607: the establishment of the first permanent settlement called Jamestown,1619: the arrival
3、 of a group of 19 Africans in Virginia 1620: the establishment of Portsmouth by the Pilgrim Fathers (puritans) on the ship of Mayflower,The establishment of 13 colonies 1776 - 1783: American Revolution (Independence War),Westward movement and expansion of territory: purchases; wars and treaties; for
4、ced removal of Indian tribes from occupied lands.,Major events in the history of expansion,1. Independence War and the Treaty of Paris 1783: Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, the Mississippi River on the west, Florida on the south, and Canada and the Great Lakes on the north.,2. Louisiana P
5、urchase in 1803 from France (828,000 square miles for $15 million): from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian border.,3. Second Independence War (1812-1814) and the Convention of 1818: Red River Basin (parts of Minnesota and North Dakota),4. Adam-O
6、nis Treaty in 1819: acquisition of Florida from Spain ($5 million),Texas Annexation from Mexico in 1845: Texas as well as portions of New Mexico, Kansas, Colorado, and Wyoming.,Acquisition of Oregon Country from Britain in 1846: states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as portions of Montana
7、 and Wyoming.,The US -Mexican War (1846-1848) and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848 : Mexican cessesion (for $ 15 million covering the States of California, Nevada, and Utah, as well as portions of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming.,The Gadsden Purchase from Mexico in 1853 (for $10 mi
8、llion): portions of Arizona and New Mexico.,Alaska Purchase from Russia in 1867 (for $7.2 million): the state of Alaska.,Hawaii annexation in 1898: the state of Hawaii.,Social movements: Abolition movement; Prohibition Movement; Womens Rights Movement One country with two systems: the North based on
9、 industry, and the South based on plantation economy and racial slavery. Emancipation of slaves,From the Civil War to 1945,Reconstruction: the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution Rapid industrialization and urbanization Domestic reforms and the Progressive Era The First World Wa
10、r: To make the world safe for democracy; transition from isolationism to internationalism,The Great Depression (1929-1933) and President Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal: the establishment of welfare system World War II,Since 1945,1945: joined the United Nations, marking the end of the spirit of isol
11、ationism. The Cold War (1946-1989): Internationally, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, NATO, Korean War, the Missile Crisis, the Vietnam War, Reagons Star Wars; domestically, the establishment of House Un-American Activities Committee, McCarthyism.,Era of coexistence of affluence and poverty i
12、n 1950s Kennedys New Frontier Programs and Lyndon Johnsons Great society in 1960s Era of social movements in 1960s: Civil Rights Movement; Counterculture Movement; New Left Movement; Feminist Movement; Anti-War Movement; Environmental Protection Movement.,Emergence of conservativism Serious problems: abortion; decline of manufacturing industries; failing public school system; crimes; discrimination; surging national debt; fragmentation of society and widening gap between rich and poor (Occupy Wallstreet); and multiculturalism and culture wars.,
