1、如何提高高中英语改错题做题技巧Step1 试题特点短文改错题检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力,进而考察学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平,考察学生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力。通过对近年来高考短文改错试题考查知识点的统计分析,不难发现,短文改错考查涉及面广,但却有所侧重。考查点测试频率最高的是动词,涉及动词考查的有时态、语态、非谓语动词形式、情态动词和动词的用法等。此外,还考查名词、介词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词、连词等,还涉及到句型结构、行文逻辑、固定搭配等。Step2 考察要点 (一) 词法的测试1.名词:主要是查名词是否可数,与其修饰语是否一致。eg: 1)I have many
2、 hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.Hobby 是可数名词,在这要用复数形式;playing football 是一项运动,football 只是一种球; sing 和 listen to 要用动名词形式。2)Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise 作运动讲是不可数名词, do exercise作主语要用动名词形式,谓动用单数;healthy 是形容词, 这里要用名词形式。3)Reading books is one of my hobby. one of 后的名词应用复数形式。2. 代词
3、:对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容及在句中的作用,注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致,常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。1)He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.前面提到的是 he 而后面却用 her 来代,故应将 her 改为 him. 2)This is the best film which I have ever seen.先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词 that 而不是 which。3. 冠词:英语中只有三个冠词,但用起来却很复杂,在短文改错中,错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用,
4、不该用时却用了;该用 an 用了 a,该用 a(n)却用了 the.1)I meant to write letter and tell you all the thingsletter 为可数名词,故 write 后应加 a.2) I like playing the football. 去 the3) He is a honest boy. a 改为 an4. 介词:检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配,介词惯用词组等是否正确。1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配,故应将
5、with 改为 for.2) Im the happiest in all.此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将 in 改为 of.3) Under the help of my father, I under 改为 with4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改为 on5. 形容词、副词:形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词,该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么,形式是否正确,是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。1) I had not i
6、nterest in English .interest 是名词,应用形容词 no 来修饰,而 not 是副词,副词不能修饰名词2) These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.(NMET2007)此处有 Ive ever seen 限定,应用最高级,故 happier 应改为 happiest.3) You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改为 easily.4) These books are very worth reading. 用 well 修饰6. 连词:短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确,是否 符
7、合句子意思;连接的是词还是句子,是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题。平行结构常借助与并列连词 and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as 等。1)As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.由于前句有 As 引导原因状语从句,因此后句不能再用 so,故应把 so 去掉。 2)The population is growing,
8、 but the earth must support too many people.根据上下文意思判断,前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折,所以 but 应改为 and 或 so.这是典型的并列连词误用。7. 动词:动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大,它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误;易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误;动词的非谓语形式,以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中,动词方面的考查比例较大。1) 动词的时态、语态错误a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.take photos 动作发
9、生在过去,应用过去时.b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.根据本句意义,should 后应加上 been,构成被动语态。c. In school, I often playing football for my friends. playing 改为 play; for 改为 with2) 易混动词使用错误a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didnt listen.persuade 意为“说服”,强调成功的结果,而根据下句 he didn
10、t listen 可知,劝说并没有成功,故应改 persuaded 为 advised.b. You please rise your hands.rise 是不及物动词,而 raise 是及物动词,所以举手应用 raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。3) 非谓语动词使用错误a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.look forward to 中的 to 是介词,应加动名词,将 see 改为 seeing.b. Im sorry I keep you wait for a long t
11、ime .I got caught in the traffic.在任何情况下 keep 均和 doing 连用,如 keep doing sth.;keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep from doing 等.c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.to 后加 be。因其后是名词,而不是动词原形,不能直接用 to.8. 词语固定搭配:主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配;副词、动词的固定搭配;及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词,英语中的一些固定句型
12、与习惯搭配等。1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.keep a diary 是固定搭配,意思是“写日记”.2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.To ones surprise 是固定搭配3) I thought that was dull to watch a game(NMET2005)此题考查 it 的功能, It + be + adj. + to do 为固定结构。4) the activities are not only enjoyable and also h
13、elpful.解析: not only but also为固定结构,故将 and 改为 but.5) I have no difficulty learn maths.have difficulty (in ) doing sth.为固定结构6) He spends too much time play games.spend some time (in ) doing sth.为固定结构(二) 句法的测试:1. 主谓语在数上的一致;I hope everything are ok with you. are 改为 is2. 名词性从句;A man came up to him and ask
14、ed that he needed. that 是连词,在从句中无任何意义,而后面的宾语从句缺宾语,用 what 引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。3. 定语从句;This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.them 改为 which4. 强调句型;It is/was +被强调的部分+that/whoIt was in 1949 when he joined the army. when 改为 that5. 句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。(三)语篇的测试 语篇的测试包括:1.上下
15、文中的时态是否一致;2.上下文中的代词是否一致;3.上下文中的逻辑是否一致;4.上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。Step.3 解题步骤先通读全文。认真阅读短文,在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确,时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识,分句(注意以句子为单位而不是以行为单位)对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答( 即改词、加词或减词 )。3.再次通读全文,校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到,如果出现了某一种改法(如加词、减词等 )没有用到,要考虑自己的改错应该有问题,要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。在自己认为正确的行后划勾,并且校对其他行改正的符号是否准确,大小写是否拼写正确(这点同学们很容易忽视 )。如果某一行有两种改错方式要推敲哪一种是最佳改法。