1、 SAT 阅读长难句 108 句 在 SAT 考试中，阅读里面会出现一些长难句。这些句子，每个单词都认识，但是由于使用了倒装、省略、从句等复杂结构，读了 2 遍都找不到主谓宾，从而影响了阅读速度，甚至影响了阅读理解。 在下一次的 SAT 考试过程中，你很难碰到已经读过的长难句，但是，你遇到长难句的语法现象是有限的，我们只要把 SAT 真题里面的 SAT 长难句 搞懂，就可以搞懂这些语法现象。 SAT 阅读中国学生往往读不完，或者做不完题目，主要原因就在于和美国考 试在以下三个方面的差异：单词量、长难句和知识背景。 长难句只要坚持把这些长难句读懂，并可以背诵一部分，则可以取得 SAT 阅读的进步
2、；词汇方面； 知识背景就需要平时的积累了。 SAT 长难句一共 108 句，其中分别有 47 句选自 SAT 真题、 38 句选自 OG、 23 句选自 OC（共）。 真题部分 1. Not only are celebrities the protagonists of our news, the subjects of our daily discourse, and the repositories of our values, but they have also embedded themselves so deeply in our consciousness that many
3、individuals profess feeling closer to, and more passionate about, them than about their own primary relationships: witness the fervent public to interest in the life of Britains Princess Diana, or the fans who told television interviewers that her wedding was the happiest day of their lives. 难句类型：倒装
4、 +并列 +复杂修饰 难词注解： protagonist n.主角 , 支持者 repository n.容器 , 仓库 , 贮藏室 , 智囊 fervent a.热情的 语法分析： Not only are celebrities the protagonists of our news, the subjects of our 谓语 主语 宾语 daily discourse, and the repositories of our values, but they have also embedded 并列宾语 并列宾语 主语 谓语 themselves so deeply in our
5、 consciousness that many individuals profess feeling closer 结果状语从句 to, and more passionate about, them than about their own primary relationships: witness the fervent public to interest in the life of Britains Princess Diana, or the fans 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 宾语 who told television interviewers that her weddi
6、ng was the happiest day of their lives. 定语从句 宾语从句 意群训练： Not only are celebrities the protagonists of our news, the subjects of our daily discourse, and the repositories of our values, but they have also embedded themselves so deeply in our consciousness that many individuals profess feeling closer t
7、o, and more passionate about, them than about their own primary relationships: witness the fervent public to interest in the life of Britains Princess Diana, or the fans who told television interviewers that her wedding was the happiest day of their lives. 参考译文：名人不仅是新闻的主角、日常谈论的话题、价值观的源泉，而且他们把自己牢固树立在
8、我们意识当中，许多人承认，他们对名人更有兴趣，更有激情，胜过关心自己的私人事务。举个例子，狂热的公众对威尔士王妃戴安娜的私生活非常感兴趣，还有粉丝告诉电视记者，戴安娜的婚礼当天是他们一生最幸福的一天。 2. No, I wont ride with servicemen, said my casually seditious father, as he slowed down and peered at a soldier and then resumed his full cruising speed, while I, patriotically offended, watched the
9、 stunned defender of my freedoms kicking at his duffle bag and getting smaller and smaller as planet Pontiac continued its fuming orbit. 难句类型：复杂修饰 +修辞方法（明喻 /simile） +幽默的语气 难词注解： seditious a.煽动性的 stunned a. 震惊的 , 惊讶的 duffle bag 帆布行李袋 Pontiac 庞帝克，美国产轿车 fuming 冒烟的 语法分析： No, I wont ride with servicemen,
10、 said my casually seditious father, as he slowed 谓语 主语 down and peered at a soldier and then resumed his full cruising speed, while I, patriotically 状语 主语 Offended, watched the stunned defender of my freedoms kicking at his duffle bag and 插入语 谓语 宾语 宾补 getting smaller and smaller as planet Pontiac co
11、ntinued its fuming orbit. 意群训练： No, I wont ride with servicemen, said my casually seditious father, as he slowed down and peered at a soldier and then resumed his full cruising speed, while I, patriotically offended, watched the stunned defender of my freedoms kicking at his duffle bag and getting s
12、maller and smaller as planet Pontiac continued its fuming orbit. 参考译文：我爸爸减缓了车速，瞥见了士兵，又重新加足马力，带着一丝若无其事的煽动性语气说： 不，我才不要和军人共车呢！ 。而我的爱国心却受到了伤害，看着 那个惊愕的 自由守护者 踢着他的帆布行李袋。随着我们行星一样的庞帝克车继续行使在浓烟滚滚的轨道上，我也看着这个士兵的身影越来越小了。 3. Fortune 500 companies actually dole out big fees to comedy consultants who offer humor se
13、minars and improvisational workshops all in the name of improved productivity. 难句类型：复杂修饰 难词注解： dole out 发放 语法分析： Fortune 500 companies actually dole out big fees to comedy consultants who 主语 谓语 直接宾语 间接宾语 offer humor seminars and improvisational workshops all in the name of improved 定语 状语 productivit
14、y. 意群训练： Fortune 500 companies actually dole out big fees to comedy consultants who offer humor seminars and improvisational workshops all in the name of improved productivity. 参考译文：事实上，财富 500 强的公司借着提高生产力的名义，为开展幽默讨论会和即 兴训练的喜 剧顾问发放大量经费。 4. By journeys end, I will not be the man I am today. Africa wil
15、l have changed me in ways I cannot predict, perhaps in ways profound, perhaps only superficial. Perhaps I will lose a few pounds, perhaps the arrogance in my walk. Perhaps my walk, even my way of looking at things, will be a little more African. But for now, I am different. 难句类型：重复 /repetition 难词注解：
16、 arrogance n.傲慢，自大 语法分析： By journeys end, I will not be the man I am today. Africa will have changed me in 状语 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 主语 谓语 宾语 ways I cannot predict, perhaps in ways profound, perhaps only superficial. Perhaps I will lose 定语 状语 主语 谓语 a few pounds, perhaps the arrogance in my walk. Perhaps my wal
17、k, even my way of looking 宾语 主语 at things, will be a little more African. But for now, I am different. 谓语 意群训练： By journeys end, I will not be the man I am today. Africa will have changed mein ways I cannot predict, perhaps in ways profound, perhaps only superficial. Perhaps I will lose a few pounds
18、, perhaps the arrogance in my walk. Perhaps my walk. even my way of looking at things, will be a little more African. But for now, I am different. 参考译文： 行至途穷，我将不再是现在的我。非洲将以我想象不到的方式改变我，或许深远，或许浅显。也许我会憔悴消瘦，也许我会傲视群雄。也许我的姿态，甚至我看待事的方式，也将更贴近非洲人。但是现在，我依然是我。 5. One can as easily become a chemist or a neuroan
19、atomist because of where one went to school or whose influence one happened to come under as because of a compelling early response to the logic of chemistry or the beauty of the human nervous system. 难句类型：复杂修饰 难词注解： neuroanatomist 神经解剖学家 compelling a.引起兴趣的 语法分析： One can as easily become a chemist o
20、r a neuroanatomist because of where one 主语谓语 宾语 went to school or whose influence one happened to come under as because of a compelling 状语 early response to the logic of chemistry or the beauty of the human nervous system. 状语 意群训练： One can as easily become a chemist or a neuroanatomist because of wh
21、ere one went to school or whose influence one happened to come under as because of a compelling early response to the logic of chemistry or the beauty of the human nervous system. 参考译文：正如化学的机理和人类神经系统的美妙能激发人们对于化学或者神经解剖学的强烈兴趣 一样，人同样容易受到学校环境和某位人士的影响，从而成为化学家或者神经解剖学家。 6. Provide your readers with such as
22、sistance. If you would like them to rest for a minute so you can sneak up behind them and stun them with something new, let them have a little peaceful description, or perhaps a little something funny to smile over, or a little moment of superiority. 难句类型：复杂修饰 难词注解： sneak up 悄悄地接近 语法分析： Provide your
23、 readers with such assistance. If you would like them to rest for a 谓语 宾语 宾补 minute so you can sneak up behind them and stun them with something new, let them have 条件状语 结果状语 谓语 宾语 a little peaceful description, or perhaps a little something funny to smile over, or a little 宾补 moment of superiority.
24、意群训练： Provide your readers with such assistance. If you would like them to rest for a minute so you can sneak up behind them and stun them with something new, let them have a little peaceful description, or perhaps a little something funny to smile over, or a little moment of superiority. 参考译文：为你的读者
25、提供这种描写。如果你想让他们休息片刻以便自己悄悄躲到他们背后，用新的文字再次震惊读者的话，你可以先给读者一段平静的描写，或是忍俊不禁的文字，或是短暂的优越感。 7. The predominant fashion among serious writers has been to consider any recognizable concern for the reader as a commercial blemish on the otherwise spotless face of art. 难句类型：复杂修饰 难词注解： blemish n.缺点 语法分析： The predomin
26、ant fashion among serious writers has been to consider any 主语 状语 谓语 recognizable concern for the reader as a commercial blemish on the otherwise spotless face 宾语 宾补 of art. 意群训练： The predominant fashion among serious writers has been to consider any recognizable concern for the reader as a commercia
27、l blemish on the otherwise spotless face of art. 参考译文：在严谨的作家中有一种主导观点：对于一个原本无暇的艺术品来说，任何明确的有关读者的考虑都是一种商业化的瑕疵（本句需重点掌握 otherwise 的用法，可以理解成 原本 ）。 8. Authors who make this their motto, in the name of artistic integrity, can hardly be expected to tolerate the attitudes of critically acclaimed nineteenth-ce
28、ntury novelists, who believed that their first duty was to try to seem pleasant, and that to do so they must render their meanings without an effort to the reader. 难句类型：复杂修饰 +插入语 难词注解： acclaim vt.向 欢呼 ,为 喝彩 render vt.提供 语法分析： Authors who make this their motto, in the name of artistic integrity, can
29、hardly be 主语 定语 插入语 谓语 expected to tolerate the attitudes of critically acclaimed nineteenth-century novelists, who 宾语 定语 believed that their first duty was to try to seem pleasant, and that to do so they must 定语从句 宾语从句 render their meanings without an effort to the reader. 宾语从句 意群训练： Authors who ma
30、ke this their motto, in the name of artistic integrity, can hardly be expected to tolerate the attitudes of critically acclaimed nineteenth-century novelists, who believed that their first duty was to try to seem pleasant, and that to do so they must render their meanings without an effort to the re
31、ader. 参考译文：就艺术作品完整性的层面而言，将此奉为箴言的作家，很难容忍在 19 世纪受到评论界赞赏的小说家的态度。这些小说家认为自己的首要职责是 愉悦读者 ，为实现该职责，他们必须把作品 不费吹灰之力 地展示给读者。 9. The scientific method is the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the identification of a problem, the collection of relevant data through observation and experimentation, and the
32、 formulation and testing of hypotheses that aim to solve the problem. 难句类型：复杂修饰 难词注解： hypothesis n.假说，假设，前提 语法分析： The scientific method is the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the 主语 谓语 宾语 identification of a problem, the collection of relevant data through observation and 定语 宾语 状语 experime
33、ntation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses that aim to solve the 宾语 定语 problem. 意群训练： The scientific method is the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the identification of a problem, the collection of relevant data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and t
34、esting of hypotheses that aim to solve the problem. 参考译文：科学方法是对知识系统的追求，它包括对问题的区分、通过观察和实验收集 的数据和旨在解决问题的对假说的构建和验证。 10. Indeed, in the last 25 years, in an effort to raise financial support at a rate nearly triple that of the rest of society, the scientific community may have promised too much too soon
35、. 难句类型：复杂修饰 难词注解： triple v.(使 )增至三倍 语法分析： Indeed, in the last 25 years, in an effort to raise financial support at a rate nearly 状语 状语 triple that of the rest of society, the scientific community may have promised too much too 主语 谓语 状语 soon. 意群训练： Indeed, in the last 25 years, in an effort to raise
36、financial support at a rate nearly triple that of the rest of society, the scientific community may have promised too much too soon. 参考译文：在过去的 25 年中，为了将对科学界投入的经济支持的增长速率提高到近乎 社会其它领域的三倍，科学界也许有点急功近利。 11. Perhaps one can say with more than mere intuition that certain skills do atrophy through not being
37、used, that an increasing reliance on electronics to mediate our apprehension of the world does lead to the loss of certain sensitivities, and that to lose any sensitivity or awareness is limiting and unwise. 难句类型：复杂修饰 +难词 难词注解： intuition n.直觉 atrophy v.萎缩，衰退 mediate v.调停 , 斡旋 apprehension n.忧惧语法分析：P
38、erhaps one can say with more than mere intuition that certain skills do atrophy 主语 谓语 状语 宾语从句 through not being used, that an increasing reliance on electronics to mediate our apprehension 宾语从句 of the world does lead to the loss of certain sensitivities, and that to lose any sensitivity or 宾语从句 awar
39、eness is limiting and unwise. 意群训练： Perhaps one can say with more than mere intuition that certain skills do atrophy through not being used, that an increasing reliance on electronics to mediate our apprehension of the world does lead to the loss of certain sensitivities, and that to lose any sensit
40、ivity or awareness is limiting and unwise. 参考译文：或许，我们不只仅凭直觉就能认定：某种技能不 使用就会退化，我们越来越依赖于用电子产品作为媒介来实现我们对世界的理解并导致我们某些感官的丧失 而这种丧失当然是不明智的。 12. If there is a scientific rather than a sentimental answer, it might be one analogous to recognizing the paramount importance of maintaining the diversity of species
41、. The more the world becomes politically, economically, and culturally centralized, the more homogenized its ways of living, the more the dangers of sameness become apparent. 难句类型：复杂修饰 +难词 难词注解： sentimental a.感伤的；多愁善感的 analogous a.相似的 paramount a.极为重要的 , 至高无上的 homogenize v.使均匀， 使一致 语法分析： If there is
42、 a scientific rather than a sentimental answer, it might be one 条件状语从句 主语 谓语 analogous to recognizing the paramount importance of maintaining the diversity of 定语 species. The more the world becomes politically, economically, and culturally 主语 系 主补 centralized, the more homogenized its ways of living
43、, the more the dangers of sameness 主补 主语 主语 become apparent. 系 主补 意群训练： If there is a scientific rather than a sentimental answer, it might be one analogous to recognizing the paramount importance of maintaining the diversity of species. The more the world becomes politically, economically, and cult
44、urally centralized, the more homogenized its ways of living, the more the dangers of sameness become apparent. 参考译文：如果有科学的而非感性的答案，一个比较相近的答案就是认识到保持物种的多样性至关重要。世界在政治上、经济上和文化上变得越发集中，生活方式越趋相同，这种 趋同化 的危险就越发明显。 13. To take a notorious example, the European trade regulations restricting the varieties of fru
45、it and vegetable seeds permitted for sale within the European Community have for years been viewed as potentially disastrous by scientists. 难句类型：复杂修饰 +倒装 难词注解： notorious a.臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的 语法分析： To take a notorious example, the European trade regulations restricting the 主语 varieties of fruit and vegetabl
46、e seeds permitted for sale within the European 定语 定语 状语 Community have（ for years） been viewed as potentially disastrous by scientists. 谓语 宾补 意群训练： To take a notorious example, the European trade regulations restricting the varieties of fruit and vegetable seeds permitted for sale within the Europea
47、n Community have for years been viewed as potentially disastrous by scientists. 参考译文：举一个臭名昭著的例子，欧洲贸易条款限制在欧洲社区允许销售的蔬菜水果种子的类别。长期以来，科学家认为这具有潜在的危险性。 14. Deception of an innocent kind is their intention; asked if the picture is genuine, few of them, I imagine, would lie. Nor would they be wise to. 难句类型：省略 +倒装 难词注解： innocent a.(of)无辜的；无害的；天真的，无知的 genuine a.真的，非人造的 语法分析： Deception of an innocent kind is their intention; asked if the picture is genuine, few of 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 宾语从句 them, I imagine, would li
