1、2018年天津高考英语:巧解高考完型众所周知,完形填空往往是同学们在考试当中失分最多、提分最慢也是最没把握的一个题型。这也令我们大部分的高三考生头疼不已。今天,我们就来帮助大家好好分析一下这个“障碍” ,下文会给大家一些实用的解题小建议,已起到“敲砖引玉”的作用。从命题规律上说,高考完形填空遵循“文章内容体现生活化”和“以实词为主,虚词为辅,突出词汇语境化”的命题原则,综合考查考生的语言知识与能力。体裁多以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主。未来高考完形填空题将更加侧重于考查语境,而实词能较好地体现语境。因此,动词、名词、形容词和副词的运用将会是完形填空考查的重中之重。一、考情分析命题规律:高考完形填空遵
2、循“文章内容体现生活化” 和“以实词为主、虚词为辅,突出词汇语境化” 的名词原则,综合考查考生的语言知识与能力。命题趋势:未来高考完形填空题将更加侧重于考查语境,而实词能较好地体现语境。因此,动词、名词、形容词和副词的运用将会是完形填空考查的重中之重。二、真题统计动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词 连词 语法 代词2016 40% 25% 15% 10% 5% 5% - -2015 20% 30% 20% 15% 5% 5% 5% -2014 45% 20% 20% 10% - - 5% -2013 35% 20% 20% 15% 10% 5% 5% -2012 40% 25% 15% 5% 5%
3、 5% - 5%2011 30% 35% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% -2010 45% 35% 10% 5% 5% - - -2009 40% 35% 10% - 10% 5% - -三、解题步骤1. 通读原文抓中心,理逻辑,懂大意第一遍读文章时不要做题,而是跳过空格,通读试题所给的要填空的短文,获得整体印象,做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨,较好地把握短文大意。在读第一遍时要注意先读懂文章的首句和末句,因为这两句往往是没有被挖空的句子。它们往往是全文的关键句,是文章的“窗口” 和“指南”,可作为解题的突破口。通过读文章的首句一般可判断文章的体裁、人物、时间、事件和事态等。文章的最后一句或最后一
4、段,往往是故事发展的结果,所陈述的事件的结论、启示性的提示,或是对全篇文章的概括。因此,先读一读末句对理解文章是很有帮助的。首句:一般不设空 画一个中心词(人/事/物)首句通常是文章的主题句,通常不设空,便于考生对短文主体、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握主题句,对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。(2016 天津)The journey my daughter Cathy has had with swimming is as long as it is beautiful.带空阅读且简单空可以填固定搭配,语感,简单推断(2016 课标全国)
5、Just before September, Miller was struck b a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from 4 _. A. school B.vocation C.hospital D.training尾句/尾段 确认自己对于文章中心的把握(2015 天津)My fiance (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home.Thats how we found our home and how I lea
6、rned that when people are _, they are not strangers, only friends we havent met yet. 2.精读+做题解题技巧语境信息解题法(两类提示 +三大原则)提示信息的种类:词,句子提示信息的位置:上文,下文,紧邻,较远(牢记原则和放一放原则)完形填空最主要的特点就是语境,即上下文。所以语境便是我们做题最重要的法门。完形填空中,有 80%-90%的空都可以在上下文中找到提示信息,所以我们在做题的过程中,一定要注意该空的前后文。这些提示信息可能是一个词,句子,事件或者“and”“but”连词。它们可能就在该空的上一句或下一句
7、,也可能在距离该空比较远的地方。对于提示词比较远的时候,我们有两种选择:先猜,然后通过后文的提示进行确认; 先放一放,找到提示信息再返回做题。提示信息的种类:a.有时候,设空的提示信息就是与之相关的一个词,通过这个词,我们可以从四个选项中排除出正确的答案。(2016 天津)Cathy suffered some terrible 16_ in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment, she 17_became healthy.16. A. failure B. pressure C. loss D. IllnessIt wa
8、s the greatest 34_ of my daughters life. With all she had been 35_ in her ten years, this was the hour of true triumph(成功).34. A. discovery B. choice C. influence D. Moment(2016 北京)How could the medicine get to Nome? The towns 4_ was already full of ice, so it couldnt come by ship.4. A.airport B.sta
9、tion C.harbor D.borderb.提示信息是一个句子:有时候我们的提示信息是一个句子,比如冒号或破折号之后的解释说明或者说话内容或者从句。1.(2016 天津)There were moments of 28_ of course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race.28. A. frustration B. delight C. excitement D. surprise2.(2016 四川)By the end of the first chapter, 16_ were coming from the back
10、 seat:“Please read a little 17_.”16. A.decisions B.requests C.comments D.promises3.(2015 天津)The next day, we got a 27_ message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. 27. A. relaxing B. disappointing C. pleasant D. Regularc.牢记原则(2016 课标全国)That season, I _ all of Millers records while he
11、_ the home games from the bench. We went 10-1and I was named most valuable player, _ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers _.His words freed me from my bad _.A.memories B.ideas C.attitudes D.dreamsd.放一放原则(2015 课标)He looks around at _. He stops when _- someone with no gloves. H
12、e gives them a pair and then he _, looking for more people with cold _.A.cars B.people C.street numbers D.traffic lights(2014 陕西)_ was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock. ._ we were walking towards the scene, Tenyson become very _ about what h
13、ad happened to the elderly couple.A. Her husband B. My son C. The crowd D. The seller e.整句读原则(2015 天津)But our funds were _, none of the houses in our prices range seemed satisfactory.A.needed B.limited C.enough D.large复现解题法这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现形式。这种题型主要考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。(2016 天津)From that day on, Ca
14、thy kept swimming and didnt _ a single practice. She had a _ intention within herself to be the best she could be. My ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this _ human being with a passion and mission.A.rich B.weak C.firm D.kindA.trusted B.determined C.experienced D.embar
15、rassed(2015 陕西)Dad had a green comb. He bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would hand me his _ and say, “good girl, help Daddy clean it, OK?”. When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you help me _ my comb?” I looked at him for a while, then _ the comb and beaded to the sink.A.bag B.
16、wallet C.comb D.brushA.sharpen B.repair C.clean D.keep(2016 四川) “No, its too long and it doesnt have any _,”complained Lainey.“Oh, thats where you are _; there are lots of pictures. Every page is full of pictures; you just have to read the words to _ them. Its like magic.”A. Pictures B.stories C.adv
17、entures D.conversations固定搭配、习惯用法解题法习惯用法是英语中固定的结构,是不能随意改的.平时学习中应注意积累及掌握好习惯用法.同时,应多注意词语辨析及词语搭配,要培养在特定语境中灵活运用词语的能力. 对于这类型的考查,要求学生平时多积累并且牢记。(2013 天津)From dawn to dusk,he works countless hours to 31_ our family.A.support B.settle C.start D.impress(2015 课标 2)It 17_ me that playing against the other team w
18、as a great _ moment for all the girls on the team.A.confused B.struck C.reminded D.warned (2015 陕西)Two years later, Dad started his own 6_, which wasnt doing so well. A.family B.business C.task D.journey逻辑关系解题法逻辑关系是一篇文章行文的主要线索,同时也是我们解题的一个主要线索。准确把握句与句之间,段与段之间的逻辑关系对于选择正确答案起着至关重要的作用。这种逻辑关系主要包含并列、递进、因果和
19、转折等。a. 时间关系:“before、 after、 later、as、when” 等;(2015 湖北)He 5_ as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.5. A.gave in B.broke down C.got away D.showed upb. 因果关系:“because 、 for、 since 、as so 、therefore、 thus”等;(2015 湖北)He added that Jason 17_ money because he would not tell a lie.17. A.borrowe
20、d B.lost C.made D.savedc. 转折关系:“but 、however、 nevertheless、 on the contrary”等 1.(2015 天津)It was also much more than we could afford, but far 26_ than the original asking price.26. A. worse B. better C. less D. higher2.(2015 陕西)I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and 16_ placed his c
21、omb on his wallet. But this time, I noticed something 17_. Dad had aged. 17. A.different B.exciting C.interesting D.urgentd. 并列关系:“and 、and also、 or 、neithernor、eitheror、not onlybut also、 as well、similarly、in the same way、that is to say” 等 (2015 北京)But he said that they were all 5_ people and he cou
22、ldnt imagine any of them had done that. 5. A.proud B.rich C.lucky D.nice e. 让步关系:“although 、though、even though、even if 、no matter+疑问词”等 f. 条件关系 :“if、only if、if only”等. (2016 天津)33_ skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart.”33. A. Although B. Since
23、C. Once D. Because利用生活常识和文化背景解题法高考完形填空题的命题形式均为独立的语篇形式,并交织和渗透着各类相关的常识和文化背景知识。因此,当我们无法从文中找到提示信息或者从语言层面无法找到出口时,利用生活常识是我们解决该种题型的主要策略。(2015 课标)My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend! On the way, we spotted a a man holding a piece of paper that said, “1 _ my job. Family to Feed.”
24、1. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished (2015 北京)That night, the two of them 1_ side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. 1. A.sat B.stood C.lay D.walked3. 带入检查真题演练:(以 2016 高考天津为例)The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful.