1、高一英语（预科）讲义五Unit 1 Friendship单元总结 2015/7/19I. Background knowledge (背景知识)The Jews in World War In 1933， the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million.Many European Jews lived in the countries that Nazi Germany would occupy or influence.By 1945，nearly two out of every three European Jews
2、had been killed as part of the “Final Solution”，which was the Nazi policy to murder all the Jews of Europe.II.Enlarge your vocabularysociable，honest，friendly，easygoing，nervous，open-minded，anxious，careful，talented，talkative，nosy，thoughtful，generous，carefree，pessimistic，peaceful，optimistic，interesting
3、，reliable，helpful，active，careless，caring，exact，adventurous，imaginative，hotblooded，well-organized，trustworthy，patient，responsible，outgoing，kind，brave，warmhearted，selfless，tolerant，etc.II. Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you.(speaking ability)(1) to cope with stressful situations i
4、n life；to share my worries and secrets in my inner world；to show my concern for other people；to let other people share my happiness；to unfold to other people the secrets in my heart (to name but few)etc.(2)Summarize the general idea of each paragraph(概括每段的大意)Para 1：Anne made her diary her best frien
5、d whom she could tell everything to.Para 2：Annes diary acted as her true friend during the time she and her family had to hide away for a long time.Para 3：Having been kept indoors for so long，Anne grew so crazy about everything to do with nature.直接引语和间接引语()1.直接引语与间接引语时态变化对照一览表直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在进
6、行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时一般将来时 过去将来时下列情况下，直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。(1)直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实或真理，当其变为间接引语时，不管主句用什么时态，间接引语的时态都不变。The teacher told the students,“The earth goes around the sun.”The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.(2)直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语时，变间接引语时，其时态仍保持过去时。The girl
7、 said,“I was born in Hong Kong in 1990.”The girl said that she was born in Hong Kong in 1990.(3)主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，变间接引语时，时态通常不变。The old gentleman often says,“Time is life.”The old gentleman often says that time is life.2.人称代词的变化(1)“一随主” 。若直接引语中有第一人称,变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。(2)“二随宾” 。若直接引语中有第二人称,变间接引语时应与
8、主句中宾语的人称相一致。(3)“第三人称不更新” 。直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。3.疑问句直接引语变间接引语(1)直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，常用 if或 whether引导，引述动词用 asked，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语 me，him 等。He asked me,“Are you good at English？”He asked me if/whether I was good at English.(2)特殊疑问句变间接引语时，用原句中的疑问词作连词，将句子改为陈述语序。The teacher asked the boy,“Why are you la
9、te again？”The teacher asked the boy why he was late again.4.直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意几种特殊情况：(1)陈述句由直接引语变为间接引语时，如果有两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，仅能省略第一个 that，其余的均不可省略。He said,“I want to visit the Great Wall，and my father will go with me then.”He said (that) he wanted to visit the Great Wall and that his father would go with
10、 him then.(2)直接引语是祈使句时，变间接引语时常变为 ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.句型。如果是以lets开头的祈使句，则通常变为 suggest doing 或 suggestthat 从句。“Do it again.”the teacher said to us. The teacher told us to do it again.(3)直接引语中有 when，since，while 引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句的时态，从句的时态不变。(4)如果在当地转述，here 不必变为 there，come 不必变为 go；如果在当天转述，则tod
11、ay， yesterday，tomorrow 等时间状语也不必变化。(5)有的疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、建议、劝告等意义。引述这类疑问句时，通常用“ask/advise/want宾语不定式”的结构，表示建议时，通常用“suggest动名词”等结构。.把下列直接引语变为间接引语或间接引语变为直接引语1.“Weve lived there for two years， ”he told me.2.“I was here a few weeks ago， ”she said.3.“I went to university in the 1960s， ”Wang Hua told his st
12、udents. 4.The teacher asked Wang Ying why she hadnt gone to school the day before.Section Four Using Language Language Points1.I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.目前我和我的同学有矛盾。have trouble with sth.意为 在某方面有困难/麻烦，其中 trouble为不可数名词，也可换为 difficulty。have trouble with.某人/某事使人伤脑筋、苦恼；跟(
13、某人)闹别扭have difficulty with sth.have trouble with sth.在方面有困难/麻烦have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.在方面有问题/困难have problems/a problem with sth.在方面有问题He had no difficulty (in) working out the problem. 他没有费事就做出了那道题。(1)Shes had a lot of trouble with her husband (跟丈夫闹意见).(2)Im sorry you are having troub
14、le in making friends (在交友方面有麻烦). 2. Im getting along well with a boy in my class.我和我班的一个男生相处得很好。The girl is difficult to get along with.这个女孩很难相处。I can get along well with my classmates.我能和同学们融洽相处。How are you getting along with your studies?你的功课学得怎样？Very well.很好。get along with意为与相处；某事进展得，其中 along也可换为
15、 on，其后可用well，nicely，badly 等修饰语，表示同某人相处得好(不好)，某事进展得(不)顺利。3. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love.他们说我和这个男生在谈恋爱。They fell in love with each other three years ago. 三年前他们相爱了。fall in love with sb.意为与相爱，其表瞬间的动作，即该动作非延续性，在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。be in love with sb.爱上某人，表状态，动作可延续The girl has been in
16、love with Tom for three years.这女孩与 Tom相爱三年了。4. .to join in discussion and.加入到讨论中来并join in意为参加，加入，join sb.in doing sth.意为和某人一起做某事。join，join in，take part in，attend(1)join 指加入某一组织或团体，成为其中一员。His brother joined the army a year ago.他哥哥一年前参军了。(2)join in 表示“参加(某项活动)” ，多指参加正在进行的活动，如竞赛、娱乐、谈话等。join in 还可用在 joi
17、n sb.in sth.结构中，表示“加入某人一起干某事” 。(3)take part in 只指参加活动，尤指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加 该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。(4)attend 通常用于参加会议、听课、听报告等。 48 个英语音标（国际音标）前元音 i: i e 中元音 : 单元音后元音 u: u : a:开合双元音 ei ai i u au元 音双元音集中双元音 i u 清辅音 p t k 爆破音浊辅音 b d g 清辅音 f s h摩擦音浊辅音 v z 清辅音 t tr ts 辅 音破擦音浊辅音 d dr dz 鼻音 （浊辅音） m n 舌则音 （浊辅音） l l r 半元音 （浊辅音） w j
