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    1、 学英语 找长喜 1页眉写“2007 真题点评”PART LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTURE左栏What Can We Learn from Art?I. Introduction A. Differences between general history and art history Focusgeneral history:(1) politics, economics, war art history: political values, emotions, everyday life, etc.B. Significance

    2、of studyMore information and better understanding of human society and civilization. Types of information A. Information in history book is (2) objective facts, but no opinions.B. Information in art history is subjective(3) personal emotions and opinions e.g. Spanish painters works: misuse of govern

    3、mental power Mexican artists works : attitudes towards social problems. Art as a reflection of religious beliefsA. Europe: (4) biblical stories in pictures in churches B. Middle East: pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques, palacesReason: human and (5) animal images are not seen as holy C. Afri

    4、ca and the Pacific Islands: Masks, headdresses and costumes in special ceremoniesPurpose: to seek the help of (6) Gods to protect crops, animals and people . Perceptions of Art How people see art is related to their cultural backgroundA. Europeans and Americans (7) decoration expression of ideas B.

    5、People in other placespart of everyday life(8) practical use . Art as a reflection of social changes A. Cause of changes: (9) influence/interaction of different cultures B. Changes tribal people: effects of (10) urbanization on art forms European artists: influence of African traditional art in thei

    6、r works American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting.中间学英语 找长喜 2Good morning, todays lecture is the very first of a series of lectures on art history, so Id like to spend some time discussing with you the following topic: Why do we need to study art history? And what can we learn from i

    7、t?First of all, Id say, if you study art history, this might be a good way to learn more about a culture than its possible to learn in general history classes. You know, (1)most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics and war, but art history focuses on much more than this. Becaus

    8、e art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also their religious beliefs, emotions etc. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors can be provided by art, like what people did for a living, what kind of dress they wore, what ceremonies they held etc. In sh

    9、ort, art can express the essential qualities of a time and a place, and the study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books and enables us to learn more things about human society and civilization. The second point Id like to make is about the type of inf

    10、ormation. (2)In history books, information is objective, that is, facts about political economic life of a country are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective. (3)It reflects personal emotions and opinions. For example, Francisco Goya was a great Spanish painter

    11、and also perhaps the first truly political artist. In his famous painting, The Third of May 1808, he showed soldiers shooting a group of simple people. His description of soldiers and their victims has become a symbol of the enormous power or the misuse of this power that the government can have ove

    12、r its people. Over 100 years later, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Mexican artists depicted their deep anger and sadness about social problems. In summary, through art you can find a personal and emotional view of history.Thirdly, art can reflect a cultures religious beliefs. For hu

    13、ndreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. (4)Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that showed people and stories from the Bible. (5)By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is), its

    14、 absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that these images are unholy. Thus, on palaces, mosques and other buildings, Islamic artists have created unique decoration of great beauty with images of flowers of geometric forms, for example, circles, squares and triangles. Th

    15、e same is true of other places, like Africa and Pacific Islands. Art also reflects the religious beliefs of traditional cultures in these places. As a matter of fact, religion is the purpose for this art and its, therefore, absolutely essential to it. Traditional art in Africa and Pacific Islands is

    16、 different from Christian art. Christian art influences peoples religious feelings towards God. (6)But the goal of traditional art in Africa and Pacific Islands is the influence of spiritual powers, that is gods to enter peoples lives. Each tribe or village there had special ceremonies with songs an

    17、d dances to make sure that crops, animals and people are healthy and increasing in number. The dancers in the ceremonies wear masks, head dresses and costumes that they believe are necessary to influence gods. So these masks, head dresses themselves, are revelry part of the art. As we said, art depe

    18、nds on culture, different forms of art result from different cultures. Similarly, the way that people view art also depends on their cultural background. This is my fourth point. (7)For most Europeans and Americans, art is mainly for decoration. It is something on a museum wall or in a glass case. I

    19、t makes their homes more attractive. People look at it and admire it: “Oh, what a beautiful painting!” Besides, ideas are expressed in this art. This is a wonderful statue, and admiring it, I might say: “It makes such a strong anti-war statement.” But in 学英语 找长喜 3other places, art is not considered

    20、to be separated from everyday existence. (8)It has a function, it has a practical role to play in peoples lives. A person in a tribal society might look at a mask and say: “Oh, this is a good mask. It would keep my house safe.” In brief, the way in which people enjoy or appreciate art depends on the

    21、ir culture. To conclude my lecture, we can say that art is a reflection of various cultures. (9)But at the same time, we have to remember that art also reflects the changes in society that take place when different cultures influence one another. (10)As people from tribal societies move to urban are

    22、as, their values and beliefs change accordingly and their traditional art forms begin to lose their function. At the same time, urban artists begin to learn a lot from traditional art. For example, African masks and figures had a great influence on Picassos works. And many American and Canadian arti

    23、sts study the simplicity of Japanese painting. The result is that as the world gets smaller, the art of each culture becomes more international.OK, this brings us to the end of our lecture. I hope that after todays lecture, youll understand better the significance of the study of art history. Art en

    24、ables us to know more about human history, for example, peoples views and opinions about certain historical events, and whats more important, about different cultures, their religious beliefs, perception of art etc.右栏1.信息辨认【解析】本题涉及普通历史与艺术史在主要内容上的区别,这在讲座一开始就被提到。原文提到普通历史主要涉及 politics, economics and wa

    25、r,而艺术史涉及的内容不止于此。根据要求,填入的单词不能超过 3 个,故答案为 politics, economics, war。原句中的 most typical history courses 即指 general history。2.信息辨认【解析】文章在讲了普通历史与艺术史在主要内容上的差异之后,接着介绍两者所提供信息的不同。根据 Information in art history is subjective 可推测本空填 objective。录音中的 In history books, information is objective 印证了推测。3.信息辨认【解析】演讲者在阐述艺

    26、术史信息是主观的(Art, on the other hand, is subjective.)时,用了这句话 It reflects personal emotions and opinions.来说明。因此空白处应填 personal emotions。4. 信息转述【解析】本题所在处针对艺术反映宗教信仰进行具体说明。讲座中首先提到欧洲几百年来唯一存在的一种艺术是宗教艺术,教堂和其他宗教建筑物里挂满了来自圣经的人物和故事的图画。根据考题不多于 3 个字的要求,将原句中的 people and stories from the Bible 转化为 biblical stories。5.信息辨

    27、认【解析】讲座接着谈到在中东,艺术是如何反映宗教信仰的:中东地区艺术的主要特征之一是艺术作品中没有人类和动物形象,这是因为伊斯兰教认为这些图像是亵渎神明的。“这些图像”即指人类和动物形象,因此空缺处应填入 animal images。6. 信息推断【解析】在提及中东的艺术之后,演讲者又提到非洲和太平洋群岛地区传统艺术的目的:让众神进入人们的生活(the goal of traditional artis gods to enter peoples lives),随后对该点进行说明:每个部落或村落都有一些特殊仪式,在这些仪式上,人们穿着特殊服装载歌载学英语 找长喜 4舞以感化众神,确保庄稼、动物

    28、和人类健康、壮大。综合而言答案为 Gods。7. 信息辨认【解析】演讲者第四点内容说的是人们对待艺术的方式取决于人们的文化背景。演讲者首先提到“对于大多数欧洲人和美国人来说,艺术主要用于装饰。再者艺术用于表达思想。”故本空应填 decoration。8.信息辨认【解析】演讲者接下来提到“在其他地区,艺术与日常生活不可分割。艺术在人们的生活中有实用功能(has a practical role to play)。”因此答案为 practical。9. 信息转述【解析】演讲者最后总结出艺术是不同文化的体现。紧接着又指出艺术也反映了社会变化,这种变化是随着不同文化之间相互影响而发生的。因而空缺处填

    29、influence 或 interaction。10. 信息推断【解析】文章在阐释不同文化相互影响带来变化时给出具体例证:部落人搬到都市之后,他们的价值观和信仰随之改变,传统的艺术形式失去作用,由此推断,都市化进程对原始部落的艺术形式有影响,因此空白处应填 urbanization。SECTION B INTERVIEW【听前预测】由题干中的 Nigel,problems,air travel,suggest ,business travelers,inexperienced travelers,mistakes 可以推测,该对话中 Nigel 向另一位人士谈到了旅客乘飞机旅行碰到的一些问题,

    30、并针对商务旅行给出了一些建议,还指出了没有经验的旅客常犯的几个错误等。W: Nigel Linge is editor of Business Travel Weekly. Nigel, thanks for being on the show. Now, what kind of problems do airline passengers face nowadays?M: Well, 1most of the problems are caused by the heavy volume of traffic. You know, all airports have a limit to

    31、the number of take-offs and landings they can handle.W: So what seems to be the problem?M: All flights from a busy airport arrive and leave at more or less the same time. If 60 aircraft are scheduled to take off between 5 p. m. and 5:15, and the airport can only handle 120 an hour, that means some w

    32、ill always be late landing or taking-off. And if the weather is bad, oh, you can imagine what the situation is like. So passengers have to be loaded into each plane, and then the planes have to line up to take off.W: So waiting at the lounge or on the plane is quite common.M: Certainly. And another

    33、problem thats very common is over-booking. Quite often you hear an announcement on the airport loudspeakers: “We have oversold on this flight and would like volunteers to go on the next 1. According to Nigel, most problems of air travel are caused by A unfavorable weather conditions.B airports handl

    34、ing capacity.C inadequate ticketing service.D overbooking.【解析】选B。录音一开始女士在介绍完男士后就问男士“乘飞机的旅客如今都面临着什么样的问题”,男士回答说“大多数问题是由交通流量大造成的” 。接着进一步阐释说“所有的机场对飞机的起飞和降落次数设限” 。这说明机场有限的吞吐量给旅客带来了问题,故B为答案。2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as compensation for volunteers for the next flight out? A Free ticket.B F

    35、ree phone call.C Cash reward.学英语 找长喜 5flight out.” 2If you decide to volunteer, you may get a cash bribe or free-trip voucher, but make sure you get a guaranteed seat on the next flight, and a free phone call to whoever is meeting you on the other end. And worse still, you arrive with confirmed rese

    36、rvation and you discover youve been bumped off the flight.W: Presumably, if you choose to travel at off-peak times, there are few problems.M: Well, there are no off-peak times. All flights seem to be full except Saturday. I dont quite understand why this is so. You know, if there is a public holiday

    37、, things are likely to be especially busy. The special fare systems on the airlines computers encourage more people to fly on less popular flights and this means that as a result all flights are equally full.W: So, what advice would you give to business travelers?M: Id say “Avoid big airports if you

    38、 can”. 3The reason is there are too many flights there. Then, remember not to check your baggage if you can help it. Another thing is “Be prepared for delays”. Take something to eat and drink in your hand luggage.W: Nigel, what kind of mistakes do inexperienced travelers make?M: 4The first mistake b

    39、usiness travelers make is to take far too much luggage. Remember, take only carry-on luggage, because at most airports, you can get away with two small bags.W: Oh, I see.M: 4Another mistake people make is to think that you have to pay full price for air tickets. You should find out about the differe

    40、nt ticket options. For example, an RTW fare can save up to 40% on normal fare. W: Excuse me, what is RTW?M: Round the World. 5For example, if youre going to Australia from the USA, you could go out via Singapore, and come back via North America. And another way to save money is to see if the ticket

    41、to a destination beyond its cheaper. For example, a ticket from Amsterdam from London to New York may be cheaper than one straight from London to New York.W: Oh, thats very useful information.M: 4And another mistake is to go away for too long. Most peoples efficiency and energy start to fall off aft

    42、er two weeks away. So my advice is “Keep your D Seat reservation.【解析】选D 。男士在讲述 over-booking 的问题时提到:如果你主动提出乘坐下一趟航班,你会获得a cash bribe or free-trip voucher,但你要确保在下一趟航班上 get a guaranteed seat and a free phone call。 A、B、C均有所提及,D Seat reservation“座位预订”未提到,故答案选D 。【点睛】此题需要注意对话中对volunteers 获得的权力的列举,同时注意选项对原文的

    43、转述。3. Why does Nigel suggest that business travelers avoid big airports?A Because all flights in and out of there are full.B Because the volume of traffic is heavy.C Because there are more popular flights.D Because there are more delays and cancellations.【解析】选B。男士在给出商务人士应避免去大型机场的建议后紧接着解释说there are t

    44、oo many flights there,B与此同义,故为答案。【点睛】B项是对原文信息的同义转述,同义转述项为答案。4. According to Nigel, inexperienced travelers are likely to make the following mistakes EXCEPTA booking on less popular flights.B buying tickets at full price. C carrying excessive luggage. D planning long business trips.【解析】选A 。抓住题干关键词ine

    45、xperienced travelers 和mistakes,听音时注意辨认有关信息。男士提到没有经验的旅客犯的第一个错误是带太多行李,排除学英语 找长喜 6trip short”, only go for two weeks and never for a longer than three. 5Another point is “Dont expect everything to go according to plan”. You need to learn to expect the unexpected. There may be a typhoon in summer or you

    46、r taxi may break down on the way to the airport. In other words, dont be optimistic about plans and dont schedule important meetings too closely together. You need to allow time for delays and break-downs. W: Yeah, this is something travelers have to remember when they plan their trips.M: And anothe

    47、r thing, get to know a good travel agent and make sure he gives you the best possible service. 5Take discounts for example, a good travel agent can get first-class ticket for the price of business-class. This is because he does enough volume of business and he can get discounts with airlines on his

    48、own behalf. He should pass them on to you. So make sure he indeed does.W: I think the worst part of a trip is having to travel overnight or being stuck for a weekend in some dreadful place. Are there any ways avoiding that?M: Yes. 5We can break or stop over in a more relaxing or lively place. Its often available at special cheap weekend rate. Various airlines and hotel chains offer these. 5And its always more pleasant to stay a night in a hotel than on a plane even if you travel business-class.W: Yes. OK, thank

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