1、英语反身代词的用法反身代词是指myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself。 。二、oneself 与 himself当 one 指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用 oneself, 在美国英语中也可用 himself：One should not praise oneself himself. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。三、反身代词的句法功能：1. 反身代词用于强调时经常作主语或宾语的同位语, 一般置于所强调的词的后面，也可写在句末。 反身代词用于强调时要重读。例: The
2、 manager himself served the customers. / The manager served the customers himself. 经理亲自为顾客服务。The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。Mrs.Black herself is a lawyer. 布莱克太太本人就是一名律师。You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好问司机本人。Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。Dont trouble to come over y
3、ourself. 你不必费神亲自来了。You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语) 反身代词作动词宾语时常常是非强调性的。有些动词与反身代词成为固定搭配,请注意, 汉译时“自己”可根据情况忽略不译：a. 作动词宾语：behave oneself 有礼貌; 规矩He behaves himself well.他为人很好。 Behave yourself while
4、 I am away.我不在,你要规矩点。 enjoy oneself 过得快活We all enjoyed ourselves in the party.我们在聚会上都玩得很痛快。express oneself 表达自己的意思Can you express yourself in English? 你能用英语表达思想吗?F. collect oneself 清醒过来, 镇定下来I accepted the offer before I was able to collect myself. 我还没来得及考虑一下,就接受了帮助。b作介词宾语Take good care of yourself.
5、 好好照顾你自己。He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权为自己做出决定。The child can dress himself. 这孩子能自己穿衣服了。She finally gained control of herself. 最后她控制住了自己。She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。Everybody here has the influenza including myself. 包括我在内所有人都患上流感。The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭
6、着哭着睡着了。He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。反身代词作介词宾语或动词宾语时，有时也可起强调作用。例: He has been living by himself since his parents died. 他父母死后,他就一直一个人生活。(by himself = alone) This matter is between ourselves （Without anyone else knowing）The enemy will not perish of himself(of
7、 his own will)She finished the job by herself. 她独自完成了这项工作。(by herself = without help) 3. 用作表语The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。Mary hasnt quite been herself recently. 玛丽近来感到不适。The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。【说明】有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体
8、或精神处于正常状态：Im not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。(=I am not feeling so well as I usually do）Ill be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。4. 用作主语。在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语( 且位于并列主语的后部)，以及用于某些特殊结构(如 as.as 等) ：My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。
9、Jims sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天 6 点起床。He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。For my wife and me / myself it was a most enjoyable weekend. 对于我妻子和我(本人) 来说,这是一个非常快乐的周末。在 but, except, like, as 等词之后, 或作对比时,宾格和反身代词都可以用,但后者的语气更强。例: She is about the same age as you / yourself. 她的年龄和
10、你(本人)差不多。有时“动词+反身代词 ”之后,还需要一定的介词。例: G. busy oneself with 忙于 He busied himself with numerous tasks around the house. 他忙于家里的许多事情。H. avail oneself of 利用 We availed ourselves of every chance to speak English.我们利用每个机会讲英语。I. address oneself to 专心于( 工作 ) They address themselves to the main difficulties.他们专
11、心致志解决主要困难。J. devote oneself to 致力于 ;献身于 We are determined to devote ourselves to the cause of education. 我们决心为教育事业献身。 有些动词接反身代词后再接 that 从句: K. assure oneself that. 确信 Before going to bed, she assure herself that the door was locked. 她确信门已锁好才去睡觉。L. flatter oneself that . 自以为 He flattered himself that
12、 he would win the first prize. 她自以为会获得第一名。反义疑问句反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question 或 Question tags) 即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。主要形式：陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 ；陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 。主语一般词语附加疑问句中主语用和主句一致的主语，用主格。附加疑问句随从句。不定代词当陈述部分的主语是（1 ） one 时，后面的疑问句可用 one/he.（2 ） no
13、one 时，后面附加疑问句中主语用 they。（3 ） everything, anything, nothing, something 时，附加疑问句中主语用 it 不用 they（4 ） this, that,或 those, these 时，附加疑问句中主语用 it 或 they.（5 ） everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，anyone，nobody 等时，附加疑问句中主语一般用 they（口头语，非正式文体） /he（正式文体） 。（6 ）不定式时，动名词，其他短语，附加疑问句中主语一般用 it。（7 ） there be 句型时，附加疑问句中一般
14、用 be/情态动词/助动词+there否定意义的词对反义疑问句的回答。对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用 yes，事实是否定的，就要用 no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答 yes 或 no 与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的 yes 要译成 “不” ，no 要译成“是” 。例：He likes playing football, doesnt he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗？Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 是的。/ 不是。His sister didnt attend the meeting, did sh
15、e? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？Yes, she did. / No, she didnt. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。简要总结反意疑问句 19 条：1) 陈述部分的主语是 I，疑问部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2) 陈述部分的谓语是 wish，疑问部分要用 may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯
16、定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有 ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用 shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5) 陈述部分有 have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用 dont +主语（didnt +主语） 。We have to get there at eight tomorrow,
17、dont we?6) 陈述部分的谓语是 used to 时，疑问部分用 didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7) 陈述部分有 had better + v. 疑问句部分用 hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8) 陈述部分有 would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt
18、he?9) 陈述部分有 Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用 wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述部分有 must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用 be +主语。What colours, ar
19、ent they?What a smell, isnt it?12) 陈述部分由 neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词 everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to
20、Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is b
21、right, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词 everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 等，疑问部分常用复数 they，有时也用单数 he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词 dare 或 need 的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do i
22、t again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?当 dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词 do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用 will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意： Lets 开头的祈使句，后用 shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用 will you?Lets go and listen to t
23、he music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18) 陈述部分是 “there be“结构的，疑问部分用 there 省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?(19)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是 unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定词缀的派生词，也就是有 un,dis-前缀、-less 后缀等含词缀而意思否定的词
24、，当肯定句处理，疑问部分用否定形式。如：He looks unhappy,doesnt he? 他看上去不高兴，不是吗？The girl dislikes history,doesnt she? 这女孩不喜欢历史，不是吗？(20)当陈述部分有 less, fewer 等词视为肯定词，疑问部分用否定形式。There will be less pollution, wont there?反意疑问句用于主从复合句结构中时,要注意以下三种情况1.一般情况下,陈述句部分是主从复合句时, 反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致.例 This is the second time tha
25、t he has been to Japan,isnt it?这是他第二次去日本, 是吗?2.在宾语从句中,如果陈述句部分是 “I think (believe,suppose,imagine,expect 等) + 宾语从句”, 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致 ,并要注意否定转移 .例 I dont think you have heard of him before,have you?我认为你以前没有听说过他, 是吗?注当 think 等这些动词的主语不是第一人称,或主语是第一人称,而动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时,这时, 反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致 .例 Mary thinks you will come to the party,doesnt she?玛丽认为你将来参加晚会,是吗?3.当陈述句部分为主语从句时,反意疑问句的主语用 it.例 That he didnt pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry,didnt it?他没有通过入学考试使得他的父母十分生气,是吗?
