1、Subject-Topic Shift,English - a grape-cluster structure (All clauses grow from the main stem - the SV structure) Chinese - a bamboo-shaped structure (The Chinese sentence can develop in depth along with the flow of thought or the necessity of narration without worrying about the bounding of subject)
2、; the TC structure,Subject-Topic Shift,SV in English has specific form and structure while TC in Chinese is the semantic combination. In E-C translation, redeciding the subject in Chinese is, sometimes, necessary in forming the TC structure.,Changing the Subject,You dont grow the grain you eat and y
3、ou dont make the clothes you wear. 你不种你自己吃的粮食，你不做你自己穿的衣服。 你吃的粮食不是你自己种的，你穿的衣服也不是你自己做的。,Changing the Subject,A modern post office handles more mail in a day than the colonial carriers handled in a whole year. 一家现代邮局一天之内比殖民地时期的邮差在整整一年的时间里处理更多的邮件。 一家现代邮局一天处理的邮件比殖民地时期的邮差一年处理的还要多。,Changing the Subject,The
4、 only men with any medical education were the Jews; they studied in Arabia. 唯一受过一些医学教育的人是犹太人，他们是在阿拉伯学会的。 只有犹太人受过一些医学教育，他们是在阿拉伯学会的。,SV Structure into Subject-omitted Sentence,Its raining hard. 下大雨了。 Then it was solo time. 这时，轮到独唱了。 Surely nothing more could go wrong during the next hour. 以后的一个小时里肯定不会
5、再出什么差错了吧。,SV in English to TC in Chinese,Somehow I doubt it. 我有点怀疑这个。 这我倒有点怀疑。I knew nothing about it. 我对这件事一点也不知道。 这件事我一点儿也不知道。,SV in English to TC in Chinese,My son is using the car this morning and will be this afternoon. 我儿子今早一直在用汽车而且要用到下午。 汽车我儿子上午在用，而且下午还要用。,Plural Forms of Nouns,on clear eveni
6、ngs the church corner rang till late with the shouts of coasters. 每逢星月之夜，教堂转角处，滑雪人总是笑语喧哗，常到半夜。 No white person or persons shall be permitted to settle upon or occupy any portion of the territory, or without the consent of the Indians to pass through the same area. 凡白人，无论是一人或多人，均不得在本地区内任何部分定居或将其占有，未经
7、印第安人同意，亦不得穿越本地区。,Plural Forms of Nouns,They drove into the country, where the houses were all of wood and all new and where the washbasins and bathtubs were very commodious, and in the morning her signora show her the machines and how to work them. 他们驱车进入乡间，那儿全是崭新的木头房子，洗脸盆和浴缸十分宽绰。第二天早上，她的女主人就给她看这种机那
8、种机，还教她如何使用。,Tense,She is a good girl. Ive been meaning to suggest keeping her on 她是一个好姑娘，我一直想建议把她留下 This is a legacy the professor had left to me, of inestimable values, which we could not buy, with which we cannot part. 这是教授留给我的无价宝，当时用金钱买不到，现在也决不能丢掉。,Subjunctive Mood,It was dark and it would have b
9、een difficult to recognize anyone, but because one of them, walking toward the corner, had a dachshund on a leash, it could have been Trencher. 天很黑，本来很难认出人来，但因为走向街角的那个人手中牵着一只腊肠犬，所以那可能就是特连卓尔。,Subjunctive Mood,“I loved fighting with Bill Fulbright. Im quite sure I always lost, yet he managed to make me think I might have won.”“我很喜欢和比尔福布莱特争论。我明白我肯定会输，但是他有办法让我以为我也许会赢。”,Subjunctive Mood,Even if they had any appetite, the sixteen-pound turkey would have looked almost like new when they had been eaten their fill. 即便他们食欲不错，但在吃到饱得不能再吃的情况下，那只十六磅重的火鸡看起来也几乎原封未动。,
