1、P18line3Advance 表示进步、进展，是可数名词Progres 也表示这个意思，但是是不可数名词He has made good progress in his work.Advancement 表示促进（发展）The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术的发展。P18line24on top of sth/sb (a) over or above sth/sb 在某物 某人 的上方或上边: Put this record on top of the others. 把这张唱片放在其
2、他唱片上面. * Many people were crushed when the building collapsed on top of them. 那座大楼倒塌时把下面的很多人都砸死了. (b) in addition to sth 加在某事物上 : He gets commission on top of his salary. 他除了薪水之外还得到佣金. * On top of borrowing 50, he asked me to lend him my car. 他向我借了 50英镑, 此外还向我借汽车.P18line50Explode a) (of feelings) bu
3、rst out suddenly （指感情）迸发: At last his anger exploded. 他终於大发雷霆. (b) (with/in/into sth) (of people) show sudden violent emotion （指人）冲动, 激动: He exploded with rage, fury, jealousy, etc. 他勃然大怒 暴跳如雷 妒火中烧等. * She exploded into loud laughter. 她突然大笑起来. P18line57cut sth away (from sth) remove sth (from sth) b
4、y cutting （自某物上）切除, 剪去, 破掉某物: They cut away all the dead branches from the tree. 他们把树上的枯枝通通砍掉了. cut sth back; cut back (on sth) reduce sth considerably 大量削减某事物: If we dont sell more goods, well have to cut back (on) production. 我们若不能增加货物的销售量, 就必须大幅度降低产量. cut sth down (a) cause sth to fall down by cu
5、tting it at the base （自基础部分）砍倒: cut down a tree 砍倒一棵树. (b) reduce the length of sth; shorten sth 缩短某物; 删减某物: cut down a pair of trousers 把裤子改短 * Your articles too long - please cut it down to 1000 words. 你的文章太长-请把它删减到 1000 字. cut sth down; cut down (on sth) reduce the amount or quantity of sth; cons
6、ume, use or buy less (of sth) 减少某事物的数额或数量; 减少消耗, 少用或少买（某物）: cut down ones expenses 减少开支 * The doctor told him to cut down his consumption of fat. 医生建议他减少脂肪的摄取量. * I wont have a cigarette, thanks - Im trying to cut down (on them), ie smoke fewer. 谢谢, 我不抽烟 -我正在尽量少抽. cut sb down (to sth) persuade sb to
7、 reduce a price 说服某人降低价格: He was asking 400 for the car, but we cut him down to 350. 这辆汽车他要价 400 英镑, 但是我们把价杀到 350 英镑.cut sb/sth from sth remove sb/sth from a larger object by cutting 将某人 某物 从一较大物体中分出: cut a branch from a tree 砍下树枝 * The injured driver was cut from the wreckage of his car. 把汽车残骸破开才救出
8、了受伤的司机.cut in (on sb/sth) (of a vehicle or driver) move suddenly in front of another vehicle, leaving little space between the two vehicles （指车辆或司机）超车抢道: The lorry overtook me and then cut in (on me). 那辆卡车超越我的车後, 突然插入我前方的位置. cut in (on sb/sth); cut into sth interrupt sb/sth 打断 打搅某人 某事物 : She kept cu
9、tting in on/cutting into our conversation. 我们谈话时 她老是插嘴. cut sb in (on sth) (infml 口) give sb a share of the profit (in a business or an activity) 让某人分享利润: cut sb in on a deal 让某人入伙做生意.cut sb off (a) (often passive 常用於被动语态) interrupt sb speaking on the telephone by breaking the connection 切断电话线路使某人通话
10、中断: We were cut off in the middle of our conversation. 我们正交谈时, 线路被切断了. * Operator, Ive just been cut off. 话务员, 线路断了 . (b) leave sb nothing in ones will; disinherit sb 剥夺某人的继承权: He cut his son off without a penny. 他完全剥夺了儿子的继承权. (c) (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) cause sb to die sooner than is normal 夭折 : a y
11、oung man cut off in his prime 英年早逝的年 轻人. cut sb/sth off (often passive 常用於被动语态) stop the supply of sth to sb 停止向某人供 应某物: If you dont pay your gas bill soon you may be cut off. 你若不立即付清煤气费, 就要停止向你供气. * Our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了. * Her father cut off (ie stopped paying) her allowance. 她父
12、亲不再给她零用钱了. cut sth off block or obstruct sth 阻碍或阻断某事物 : cut off the enemys retreat 切断敌人的退路 * cut off an escape route 堵住逃跑的道路 * The fence cuts off our view of the sea. 篱笆挡住了我们观望大海的视线. cut sth off (sth) remove sth (from sth larger) by cutting 切下; 割下; 剪下; 砍下: Mind you dont cut your fingers off! 小心别切断了手
13、指头! * King Charles I had his head cut off. 英王查理一世遭斩首. * He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll. 他从那卷布上剪下一米. * The winner cut ten seconds off (eg ran the distance ten seconds quicker than) the world record. 获胜者比世界记录快十秒. cut sb/sth off (from sb/sth) (often passive 常用於被动语态) prevent sb/sth from leavi
14、ng or reaching a place or communicating with people outside a place 切断某人 某事物 的去路或来路 ; 使某人 某事物 与外界隔绝: an army cut off from its base 与基地失去联络的军队 * The children were cut off (eg stranded on a rock) by the incoming tide. 涨潮把孩子们困住了（如困在岩石上）. * The village was cut off (from the outside world) by heavy snow
15、for a month. 村庄被大雪封住（而不能与外界 联系）达一个月. * She feels very cut off (ie isolated) living in the country. 她生活在 乡间感到很闭塞.P30line2Equal to sth/doing sth having the strength, courage, ability, etc for sth 对某事物有力量 勇气 能力等; 能胜任: She feels equal to the task. 她认为能胜任该项工作. * Hes equal to (ie able to deal with) the oc
16、casion. 他能应付这一局面. * He doesnt seem equal to meeting our demands. 他似乎不太合乎我们的要求. P30line20Native to. (of plants, animals, etc) originating in a place （指动植物等）原产於某地的: plants native to America, eg tobacco, potatoes 原产於美洲的植物（如烟草 马铃薯） * The tiger is native to India. 这种虎原产於印度. P31line29In terms ofP31line 33
17、take sth apart separate (esp a machine) into its component parts; dismantle sth 将（尤指机器）拆开, 拆卸; 拆散某物 : Lets take the radio apart and see whats wrong with it. 咱们把收音机拆开看看有什麽毛病.take sth away (a) (US take sth out) buy (a cooked dish) at a restaurant and carry it away to eat at home 在餐馆买（饭菜）带回家吃; 外卖; 带走:
18、Two chicken curriesand rice to take away, please. 劳驾 , 要两份外卖的咖喱鸡饭. (b) cause (a feeling, sensation, etc) to disappear 使（感情 感觉等）消失: The doctor has given her some tablets to take away the pain. 医生给了她一些止疼药片. * Nothing can take away the anguish of losing a child. 什麽都不能解除失去孩子的巨大悲痛. * Anxiety has taken aw
19、ay his appetite. 他愁得吃不下饭. take sb/sth away (from sb/sth) remove sb/sth (from sb/sth) （从某人 某物 处）移去, 移开, 除掉某人 某物 : What takes you away (ie Why are you leaving) so early? 你为什麽这麽早就要走? * These books must not be taken away from the library. 这些书不准携出图书馆. * The child was taken away from its parents on the re
20、commendation of social workers. 根据社会工作者的建议把那孩子与其父母隔离了. take sth away (from sth) subtract (one number) (from another) （从一数中）减去（另一数）: If you take four away from ten, that leaves six/Ten take away four is/leaves six. 十减去四得 剩下 六. take away from sth weaken, lessen or diminish the effect or value of sth;
21、detract from sth 减弱; 减少; 减小; 降低: The scandal took away greatly from his public image. 那丑闻极大地损害了他的形象.take sth back (a) (of a shop) agree to accept or receive back (goods previously bought there) （指商店）同意（顾客）退货: We only take goods back if customers can produce the receipt. 顾客如能出示收据, 我们才能予以退货. (b) admit
22、 that sth one said was wrong or that one should not have said it; retract or withdraw sth 承认说了错话或不该说的话; 撤回或收回某言 语: I take back what I said (about you being selfish). 我承认我不该说你（自私）. take sb back (to.) cause sbs thoughts to return to a past time 使某人回想（起.）: The smell of seaweed took him back to his chil
23、dhood. 海草的气味使他回想起童年时代. * Hearing those old songs takes me back a bit. 我听到那些旧歌曲就有些怀旧.take sth down (a) remove sth from a high level 将某物从高 处取下: Will you help me take the curtains down? 你能帮我把帘幕取下来吗? (b) lower (a garment worn below the waist) without actually removing it 褪下（衣物至腰部以下）: take down ones skir
24、t, trousers, underpants, etc 把裙子 长裤 内裤等褪到腰部以下. (c) remove (a structure) by separating it into pieces; dismantle sth 拆除（构造物）; 拆掉某物: take down a tent, gate, fence 拆掉帐篷 大门 篱笆 * Workmen arrived to take down the scaffolding. 工人们已去拆除脚手架. (d) write sth down in order to make a record of it 记下某事: The reporte
25、rstook down the speech. 记者把讲话记录下来了. * Anythingyou say may be taken down and used as evidence against you. 你说的每句话都可能记录下来用作指控你的证据.take sb in (often passive 常用於被 动语态) deceive, delude or fool sb 欺骗 蒙蔽或愚弄某人: She took me in completely with her story. 她用谎话把我完全蒙蔽了. * You wont take me in that easily! 你别以为我那麽
26、容易上当! * Dont be taken in by his charming manner; hes completely ruthless. 不要被他那副讨人喜 欢的外表所迷惑, 其实他冷酷无情. take sth in (a) absorb sth into the body by breathing or swallowing it 将某物吸入或吞入（体内）; 摄 取: Fish take in oxygen through their gills. 鱼通过鳃摄取氧气. take off (a) (of an aeroplane, a helicopter, etc) leave t
27、he ground and begin to fly （指飞机等）起飞: The plane took off despite the fog. 尽管有雾, 飞机仍照常起 飞. (b) (infml 口) leave hurriedly or suddenly 匆忙离去; 突然离去: He took off for the station at a run. 他匆忙向车站跑去. * When he saw the police coming he took off in the opposite direction. 他一看见警察来了, 转身就溜了. (c) (infml 口) (of an
28、idea, a product, etc) suddenly become successful or popular; (of sales of a product) rise very quickly （指观念 产品等）突然大受欢迎; （指产品的销售量）急升: The new dictionary has really taken off. 这部新词典极受欢迎. * Sales of home computers have taken off in recent years. 家庭电脑的销售量近年来上升很快. take sth off (a) remove (an item of clot
29、hing) from ones body （从身上）除掉, 脱下（衣物等）: take off ones coat, hat, shoes, skirt, trousers, etc 脱大衣 帽 鞋 裙子 裤子等 * I wish youd take (ie shave) off that beard! 我希望你把胡子剃掉! . (e) have (the specified period of time) as a holiday or break from work （某段时间）休假, 休息: take the day/morning/afternoon off 休息一天 一上午/一下午
30、* Im taking next week off (work). 我下周要休假.take on sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) begin to have (a particular quality, appearance, etc); assume sth 呈现（某种性质 样子等）; 装成某事物: Hes taken on some irritating mannerisms. 他新添了些讨人嫌的怪毛病. * The chameleon can take on the colours of its background. 避役可将身体颜色变得与周围环境相同. * Her
31、eyes took on a hurt expression. 她的眼里流露出受委屈的神情. take sb on (a) employ sb; engage sb 雇用某人 ; 聘用某人: take on new staff 雇用新员工 * She was taken on as a graduate trainee. 她应聘为新毕业的实习生.(b) accept sb as ones opponent in a game, etc; tackle sb 同意与某人比赛; 对付某人: take sb on at snooker, squash, tennis, etc 与某人比赛彩色台球 壁
32、球 网球等 * Ajax will take on Juventus in this years European Cup Final. 在今年的欧洲杯足球决 赛中阿贾克斯队将与尤文 图斯队比赛. take sth on decide to do sth; undertake sth 决定做某事; 承担某事: take on extra work 承担额外工作 * She took on greater responsibilities when she was promoted. 她得到提升, 担负了更大的责任. * Dont take on more than you can cope w
33、ith. 要量力而行.take (sth) over gain control of (a country, political party, etc) 控制, 管理（国家 政党等）: The army is/are threatening to take over if civil unrest continues. 军方声称如内乱不平息将实行军管. * Has the party been taken over by extremists? 该党是否已被极端分子控制? take sth over acquire or gain control of (a business company)
34、, esp by obtaining the support of a majority of its shareholders 接收, 接管（公司）（尤指依靠多数股东支持）: The firm has been taken over by an American conglomerate. 该公司已被美国一企业集团接管. take (sth) over (from sb) take control of or responsibility for sth, esp in place of sb else 接手; 接替; 接任: Peter will take over as managing
35、 director when Bill retires. 比尔退休时将由彼得接任总经理一职. * When she fell ill her daughter took over the business from her. 她患病期间生意曾由她女儿代管. * George is taking over the running of our American operation. 乔治准备接手经营我们的美国企业. * Would you like me to take over (the driving) for a while? 你愿意 让我接替你（开）一会儿（车）吗?take to. go
36、 away to (a place), esp to escape from an enemy; take refuge in (a place) 离去而到（某处）（尤指为躲避敌人）; 逃入（某处）: take to the forest, woods, jungle, etc 逃进 森林 树林 丛林等 * The crew took to the lifeboats when the ship was torpedoed. 船被 鱼雷击中, 船员逃上救生艇. take to sb/sth develop a liking for sb/sth; develop an ability for
37、sth 对某人 某事物 产生好感; 培养从事某事的能力 : I didnt take to her husband at all. 我对她丈夫毫无好感 . * I took to her the moment I met her. 我一见到她就立刻对她产生了好感. * He hasnt taken to his new school. 他对这所新学校还不感兴趣. take to sth/doing sth begin to do sth as a habit 逐渐惯於做某事: take to smoking a pipe, sleeping late, going on solitary wa
38、lks 对 吸烟斗 晚睡 独自散步逐渐习惯 * Shes taken to drink, ie has started to drink a lot of alcoholic drinks. 她喝酒已喝上瘾了. * He took to gardening in his retirement. 他退休後就搞起了园艺.take up continue 继续: This chapter takes up where the last one left off. 本章接续上一章谈到的内容. take up sth fill or occupy (the specified space or time) 填满, 占据（某空间或时间）: This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方. * Her time is fully taken up with writing. 她的时间 都用於写作了.
