1、Lesson 31 Success Story 成功者的故事一、单词讲解retire) vi退休，退职give up one s regular work ,esp. because of age例: He retired from his directorship at the age of 60.他 60 岁的时候从主管的职位退休了。2)v （正式用语）就寝 retire for the night 就寝3)V退下例: The ladies retired into the drawing room.女士们到客厅里去了。drawing room 客厅（尤指私人大宅中的）retired ad
2、j退休的例: I am retired now so I have time to learn English.我现在退休了，有时间学习英语了。retirement n。退休，退职a graceful retirement 体面的退休compulsory retirement 强迫退休resign vi辞职例: I was tired of my boring job, so I resigned yesterday.我对那枯燥的工作感到厌倦，所以我昨天辞职了。employ 雇佣 employer 雇主 employee 雇员hire 雇佣 recruit 招募，征募解雇：dismiss fi
3、re失业： be out of work lose one s jobhired， tired and fired 被雇佣了，累的半死又被解雇了。company1)n公司，商号firm: 指两个人以上合资经营的商业机构a trading firm 贸易公司corporation （美）股份有限公司 （略为 corp ）a limited(liability)company 有限责任公司2)陪同，同座的人，交际，交往例：I enjoyed his company ! 有他为伴真是愉快！be fond of company 好交际3)伙伴，朋友，同伴例: A man is known by the
4、 company he keeps.（谚）近朱者赤，近墨者黑。bicycle 自行车（口语成为 bike）构成：bi（两个）+cycle（轮子）get on a bicycle/mount a bicycle 上自行车get off a bicycle 下自行车例：Can you ride a bicycle? 你会骑自行车吗？motorcycle 摩托车（口） motorbikesave1) v挽救，救 save sb/save sthsave one s life 挽救某人的生命save one s face 保全面子lose ones face 丢脸SOS: save our soul/
5、save our ship例: She saved an old man from the fire.她在大火中救出了老人。2)储存（钱） ，储蓄，节省，保留，省去（劳力，时间，花费等）例: He saved money for years and bought a real bed.他攒了很多年的钱买了一张床。He saved money for years and bought an apartment.他攒了很多年的钱买了一个公寓。Its wise to save part of our salary each month.每个月把丁资存起来一部分是很明智的。Save your stre
6、ngth for the hard work you ll have to do later.为了你后面要做的工作你省省力气吧。Don t read in the sun .Save your eyes （保护视力）不要在阳光一下读书，保护你的视力。Computers save a lot of time and energy.计算机为我们节省了很多时间和精力。That saved me going out 那我就不用出去了。savings n积蓄save V挽救rescue V （从危险，囚禁等中）搭救或拯救出。ooworkshopn 车间工作场所，作坊，小工厂(亦可简称为 shop)pla
7、nt 工厂a chemical plant 化学工厂 power plant 发电厂helper n帮手，助手a household helper 佣人，家仆help V帮助 ：Help me! 救命！cannot help doing 忍不住做某事On hearing the news, I can t help laughing.一听到这个消启、我忍不住笑了。Heaven helps those who help themselves，（谚语）天助自助者。so help me 我对天发誓I really swam across the river, so help me.我真的游过那条河了
8、，我发誓。God help you 上帝帮助你（用于对别人的安全表示担心）例： God help you if the teacher finds out.要是老师发现你就惨了employ vt.雇佣例: The director employs two interpreters.主管雇佣了两个口译人员。She is employed in a bank 他就职于一家银行。employ oneself in/be employed in 从事，做，忙于例: She was busily employed in preparing dinner for five guests 他忙于给五个客人准
9、备晚饭。employer 雇主 employee 雇员a government employee 公务员a white collar employee 白领员工interviewer 面试官：采访的人员（记者）interviewee 参见面试的人；被采访者examiner 主考官 examinee 考试的人employment n雇佣 unemployment n.失业full employment 充分就业employment agency （民间的）职业介绍所grandson n孙子，外孙子grand- 用以构成复合名词，表示家族关系granddaughter 外孙女，孙女grandmot
10、her 祖母，外祖母grandfather 祖父，外祖父grandpa 祖父，外祖父 grandma 祖母，外祖母granny 老奶奶 great-grandson 曾孙子great-grandfather 曾祖父例: Every potter praises his pot王婆卖瓜卖弄自夸。grandfather clock 落地式大摆钟。二、关键句型 Key Structuresl、过去进行时和一般过去时：两者都是过去发生的动作，但是前者强调过某一时刻正在进行的动作，其结构为 was/were + V-ing;而一般过去时是过去发生完的动作或情况，强调一种结果或状态。两种时态经常配合使用。
11、例: When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.我正在给花园浇水的时候下雨了。As I was getting on the bus, I slipped and hurt my foot.当我上公车的时候，我摔倒了并弄伤了脚。2、过去进行时和一般过去时：1)used to do“过去常常做.”， 现在已经不这样了，可看成是一般过去时的特殊形式。相当于 oftenDid-(was/were .)例: I used to go to work by bus. Now I go by car.我过去总是乘公共汽车上班，现在我开车去上班。Bef
12、ore, I often went to work by bus.例: He used to be a postman a long time ago. He s a taxi driver now很久以前他是一个邮递员，现在他是一个出租车司机。He was a postman a long time ago.例: I have given up smoking. I used to smoke very heavily.我现在戒烟了，我过去吸烟吸的很重。I often smoked very heavily before.例: I used to collect stamps when I
13、was a boy.当我还是小男孩的时候我收集邮票。My uncle used to live in New Zealand but he s now living in Australia.我的叔叔过去住在新西兰，现在住在澳大利亚了。2)be used to doing 习惯（于）做become used to doing get used to doing例: I used to go to work by bus, but I am used to going by bus. 我过去总是坐公共汽车上班，而现在我习惯开车去上班。He is used to this kind of job.
14、 他已经对这种工作习惯了。I am not used to getting up early. 我不习惯于早起。Youll soon get used to our way of living.你很快就会习惯我们的生活方式。Exercise：用正确的时态填空。l) While my wife _ (work) in the kitchen, I _ (sit)in the garden.I _ (look) at cars which(pass) in the street, when a small car _ (stop) outside my gate and man _ (get) o
15、ut.2) I was most surprised to see that the man was Ted Hale. We _ (be)at the same school years ago. In those days, Ted _ (come) to our house nearly day and we often _ (go) out together.3) We _ (be) great friends, but one day we _ (quarrel) and I never _ (see) him again. As he _ (get) out of his car,
16、 I _ (call) my life and we both _ (hurry) out to greet an old friend.答案：l) was working was sifting was looking were passing stopped got2) were/had been used to come /came used to go/went3) were quarreled saw was getting called hurried三、课文讲解 TextYesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about
17、his experiences as a young man.as a young man/when he was a young man时间状语，交代叙述时间为过去时experience1) u经验，体验例 : Experience is the best teacher. I know it from experience. 经验是最好的老师，我凭经验知道的。2)C经验之事，经历have a pleasant experience 有一个愉快的经验例: Please tell us of your experiences while in Africa.给我们讲一下你在非洲的经历。expe
18、rienced adj有经验的例：He is an experienced worked他是一个有经验的工人。a skilled worker 技工Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.head 1)头I am taller than my sister by a head.我比我妹妹高一头。2)头脑，智力Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠顶一个诸葛亮。3)头目 t
19、he head of a firm 公司总裁4)首位，最高位例: Who is at the head of your class?你们班第一名是谁？5)人头数，人数ten dollars per head 每人 10 美元。above one s head（深奥得）使人无法理解例: The novel is a little above my head.这个小说我无法看懂。used to do 过去常常做.例：I used to drink 我过去常常喝酒。I didnt use to drink 我过去不常喝酒。Did you use to drink? 你过去常常喝酒吗？美有时用：Use
20、d (you)to.“例：Used you to drink?你过去常喝酒吗？I used to ride a bicycle, but now I drive a Cadillac.我过去常常骑白行车，但是现在我开卡迪拉克。I used to ride a bicycle, but it was stolen yesterday. so I came here on foot.I used to like Mary, but now I like Rose.我过去喜欢 Mary，但是现在我喜欢 Rose。I used to be a taxi-driver 我过去是一个出租车司机。Oh, r
21、eally? I didnt even know you could drive.哦，真的吗？我不知道你会开车呢。I used to be a long-distance runner, but Im so fat now.我过去是一个长跑运动员，但是现在我太胖了。It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.it 是形式主语，不定式才是真正的主语。在英语中。为避免头重脚轻，保持句子整体平衡，用形式主语 it 来代替真正的长主语：例： It is quite imp
22、ossible to finish this large book in a mouth 一个月看完这本大书是不可能的。It is necessary for you to recite all the passages.背诵所有的课文是必要的。I t is interesting to talk to you和你谈话真有意思。He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own.a small workshop of his own(强调）/his own small workshopown 放在
23、所有格代词之后，强调特有，固有的意味。my own ideas 我自己的主意 with my own eyes 亲眼目睹Do so for your own sake 为了你自己去那样做。one s own 目已阴尔四例：The three children grew up and had families of their own.那三个小孩长大成人，并且结婚生子。on one s own/alone 独自，靠自己例：He runs a factory on his own 他独自经营那家工厂。In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts fo
24、r aero planes. At that time .he had two helpers.in one s twenties 在.二十几岁的时候in one s early twenties 在.二十出头的时候in ones late twenties 在.快三十岁的时候at the age of twenty 在二十岁in the twenties 在二十年代in the 1920，S 在二十世纪二十年代aeroplane 飞机In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which empoyed seven
25、 hundred and twenty eight people.定语从句修饰 factoryFrank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.remember: recall; think backhard 1)坚硬的(反义词： soft)hard wood:坚硬的木头 hard rock 坚硬的岩石：2)困难的(difficult)a hard task to carry out 要执行的艰难任务3)刻苦的，勤奋的 a hard worker 一个勤奋的工人4)艰苦的例 The
26、se are hard times 那时是艰难的时期。5)严厉的，无情的a hard teacher 一个严厉的老师the long road to success 漫长的成功之路He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in*still adv仍旧，仍然 例: He was still smiling.She wanted him to repair their grandsons bicycle!repair 修理 repair /mend /fixrepair a watch 修表 repair a bike
27、修车mend shoes 修鞋 mend the road 修路，补路fix the watch 修理手表fix the air-conditioner 修理空调Special difficultiesexperience例:Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences.Frank Hawkins 正在给我讲他的人生阅历。This job requires a lot of experience.这种工作需要有丰富的经验。He is an experienced worker他是一个有经验的工人。save例：He saved money
28、for years他攒了很多年的钱。The young man dived into the river and saved the boy s life.那位年轻人调入水中，救了那个男孩的性命。work/job例: It was his job to repair bicycles.Ive just found a new job 我找到了一份新的工作。I begin work on Monday 我从周一开始上班。选择正确的词填空：1. He is a very (experience) (experienced) doctor.2. My father enjoy doing (jobs
29、) (works) about the house.3. I am looking for a new (work) (job).4. The government is trying to persuade people to (economize)(save) money.答案：1. experienced 2. jobs 3. job 4. save四、练习 Exercisesl. In his twenties, 728 people _ in workshop.A. were employed B. employed C. are employed D. employ分析：Bempl
30、oyed 和 Demploy 表示“雇佣”，都是主动结构的：Care employed 是被动语态，但时态不正确：Awere employed 是被动语态，而且是过去式，最符合语法规则。2. Frank is the _ of a business company.A. director B. headmaster C. superior D. leader分析：A （工厂、公司的）主任，指导者； B （中小学）校长；C上级、上司； D领导，领袖。答案 A3. Spare parts for aeroplanes are made in Frank s_.A. industry B. fabr
31、ic C. factory D. workhouse分析：C在 Frank 的工厂中生产的零配件；A织物，建筑物的墙、房顶等；D贫民救济院，感化院，更加不符合逻辑。答案 C4. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _ directed.Alike Bso C. which D. as分析： 详细的调查表明有 50%的病人不按医嘱吃药。A是介词，此处不符合语法规则：B是连词，表“ 因此”，前后逻辑关系不正确；C是关系代词，引导定于从句，此处也不符合语法规则；D连词，表示“正像，正如”。答案 D六、补充内容 谚语1. All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马；可以用不同方法达到同样目的；殊途同归。2. All stick will serve to beat a dog with.打狗不愁找不到棍子：欲加之罪，何患无辞。
