1、Unit 4 Lions and Tigers and Bears,Introduction of the Author:比尔布福德(Bill Buford)是美国纽约客(New Yorker)杂志的特约撰稿人，1994至2001年任杂志的小 说编辑。布福德创办了Granta杂志，并任编辑。 Among the Thugs 和 Heat 是其广受好评的两本著 作，前者是对英国足球流氓的真实记录，后者是一部有 关餐饮的书。课文“狮子、老虎和熊”是布福德的一篇游 记，最初于1999年刊登在纽约客上，文章入选 2000年度美国最佳游记(The Best American Travel Writing
2、 2000).,bolt：,vi. a) to run away quickly 猛冲，逃跑b) to move; to break away 迅速移动vt. c) to fasten with strong rods and bar 拴住，使和在一块d) to swallow food or drink hurriedly 匆匆吞下，咽下 n. 门闩，插销,blot: n. 污渍, 污点 v. 弄污,cf.,Word Study,Examples:a) He bolted out of his house.b) Eyes bolted towards the stranger. c) He
3、bolted the door on the inside.d) He bolted down a hurried breakfast. a bolt from (out of) the blue 晴天霹雳，意外的事 bolt upright 笔直 make a bolt (for it) 赶快逃走,Word Study,drizzle:v. to rain in fine dropsExamples: It drizzled throughout the night. The insecticide drizzled over the plants. The dew on the branc
4、hes drizzled our hair.,Word formation,a. drizzly,Word Study,embolden:v. to give courage or confidence to sb.Examples: He smiled and this emboldened her to ask him for help. Emboldened by drink, he walked over to speak to her.,Word Study,on the/a rampage: 横冲直撞；暴跳如雷Examples: The escaped elephant was o
5、n the rampage for two days. The rioters went on a rampage and vandalized many shops.,Word Study,scurry:v. / n. to run with short quick steps Examples: It began to rain and we scurried home. We heard mice scurrying about in the kitchen. Dark clouds were being scurried across a grey sky by the wind. a
6、 scurry of footsteps in the passage 急促脚步声 Huge snow scurries.,急赶， 急转， 疾走,Word Study,Translation,secludedadj. not visited or seen by many people; away from the company of others Examples: This is the quietest and most secluded area of the city. secluded life /monk /valley,隐居的， 与世隔绝的； 僻静的v. seclude (f
7、rom) n. seclusion adj. seclusive,Word Study,Translation,Background Information,America,New York State,曼哈顿是一个荷兰人（亨利哈德逊）从印第安土著手里买的。它是当今世界上最繁华的岛之一。曼哈顿是纽约市中心部位的岛。介于哈得孙河和东河之间，为纽约市五个区中最小的曼哈顿区。长20公里，宽4公里，面积57.7平方公里。前寒武纪古老坚硬的片岩出露地表，为高层建筑提供了基础。纽约是金融、商业中心地。南端的华尔街是许多大银行、大交易所和大垄断组织聚集中心。联合国总部设于东河西岸。百老汇、华尔街、帝国大厦、
8、格林威治村、中央公园、联合国总部、大都会艺术博物馆、大都会歌剧院等名胜都集中在曼哈顿岛。,Central Park Location on Manhattan Map,New Yorks green rectangle,Central Park,中央公园坐落在摩天大楼耸立的曼哈顿正中，南起 59街，北抵110街，东西两侧被著名的第五大道和中央 公园西大道所围合。占地843英亩（约5000多亩），是 整个纽约最大的都市公园，也是纽约第一个完全以园林 学为设计准则建立的公园。 号称纽约“后花园”的中央 公园，不只是纽约市民的休闲地，更是界各地旅游者喜 爱的旅游胜地。1850年新闻记者威廉布莱恩特在
9、纽约邮报上 进行公园建设运动之后，1856年Frederick Law Olmsted和Calbert Vaux两位风景园林设计师建成了此 公园。它与自由女神、帝国大厦等同为纽约乃至美国的象 征，许多好莱坞影片都以中央公园为背景。,中央公园的著名景点包括： 中央公园动物园 (Central Park Zoo)、 戴拉寇特剧院 (Delacorte Theatre)、 毕士达喷泉 (Bethesda Fountain)、 绵羊草原 (Sheep Meadow)、 草莓园 (Strawberry Fields)、 保护水城 (Conservatory Water)、 眺望台城堡 (Belveder
10、e Castle) 等等。,the urban wonders of the world, a green oasis in the great concrete, high-rise landscape of New York City,Central Park,For most New Yorkers, Central Park is our constant definition of open space, room to run and the romance of reading under a tree. Free and open to the public, Central
11、Park is our citywide campus and our common backyard. “a garden for all as private Eden”,Central Park,In Central Park, Roller skating has always been a popular recreational pastime.,Tigress and Cubs,Inside the Central Park Wildlife Conservation Center, 64th Street and Fifth Avenue,Groups of Bears: ne
12、ar Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street,The Park was pressed for primarily by wealthy merchants and landowners. In the first decade after its completion, it was clearly the playground of the wealthy. It was located too far uptown to be within walking distance for the citys working class population.,Central P
13、ark History,Until the late 19th century, workers comprised but a fraction of the visitors to the Park when they launched a successful campaign to have concerts held on Sundays.Saturday afternoon concerts were for middle-class audiences, for the six-day working week precluded (prevent from ) attendan
14、ce by the working class.,Indeed the concept of creating the park was originally conceived by wealthy New Yorkers who admired the public grounds of London and Paris. However, with the maturing of the nation and the rise of its power, the pride of Americanism gradually took the upper hand. The author
15、therefore describes the Park proudly as efficient, purposeful and distinctiveneither romantic nor classical, and neither English nor French, but distinctively American.,Architecture of Central Park,English Romanticism is characterized by the picturesque ideal to blend with the natural environment. A
16、nother style is Classicism characterized by formal symmetry and the use of straight lines, evident in the south end of the Park.,Central Park,Text Theme,By traveling the Central Park at night, the authors ambivalence (the mixed feeling) makes clear New Yorkers attitude to the Park. On one hand, ther
17、e is love and pride New Yorkers have for the cultural richness and the beauty the Park offers; on the other hand, the crime and fear they have associated with the Park.,Plot: Travel descriptions combined with everything he has heard, read, observed and experienced in connection with the place: his m
18、ovements in Central Park, the events and famous people associated with its history, the beauty of New York at night, the crime of fear its inspired.,Setting: Central Park in New York,Part 1 (Paras. 1) :The author decided to camp in the Central Park .,Part 2 (Paras. 26 ) : The first or two hours and
19、his feeling and the fear Central Park inspired.,Part 3 (Paras. 712) :Central Park history and another scare.,Part 4 (Paras. 1325) : My sleep over in the wood.,Part 1 (Paras. 1) :The author decided to camp in the Central Park .,Id curled up under a tree and drop off to a peaceful, outdoorsy sleep. (p
20、ara. 1),drop off: to begin to sleep 入睡，睡着 Eg. He dropped off in front of the fire.,Anybody who knows anything about New York knows the citys essential platitudethat you dont wander around Central Park at nightand in that, needless to say, was the appeal: it was the thing you dont do. (Para.1),essent
21、ial platitude: This is known to all and has been said over and over.,第二个分句是一个倒装句(inverted sentence), 正常的语序应该是： needless to say, the appeal: it was the thing you dont do, was in thatneedless to say作插入语parenthesis that代指platitude,Anybody who knows anything about New York knows the citys essential plat
22、itudethat you dont wander around Central Park at nightand in that, needless to say, was the appeal: it was the thing you dont do.(Para.1),Understanding: Everybody who knows New York knows that you should not wander in Central Park at night because it is too dangerous. However, precisely because of t
23、he risk there are always people lured to visit Central Park at night. They just wish to do what people normally dont do.,Ogden Nash (para.1),an American poet well known for his light verse best-known producer of humorous poetry,Part 2 (Paras. 26 ) : The first or two hours and his feeling and the fea
24、r Central Park inspired.,The Delacorte Theatre (para.3),The Delacorte Theater is the summer home of the New York Shakespeare Festival (莎士比亚戏剧节). Its a place to host classical plays and musicals. The open-air theater in Central Park that serves as home to free summertime performances which, during th
25、e months of June, July and August, include at least one Shakespeare production. The summertime performance is one of the New York Citys most beloved cultural events.,The Delacorte theatre,William Shakespear(1564-1616 ) (Para.3) was an English poet and playwright.,The Taming of the Shrew (Para.3),In
26、Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew Petruchio and Kate engage in a battle of wits as he tries to “tame“ his bold and stubborn wife and bring her into line with societys expectations. This romantic and funny play, full of disguises and role playing, deals with themes such as marriage and duty, reali
27、ty and illusion, and compromise. The Taming of the Shrew is one of William Shakespeares most clever and sophisticated comedies.,The Taming of the Shrew,驯悍记片中描写泼妇凯特因为性格暴躁、脾气倔强，找不到任何一个敢娶她的男人，在心不甘情不愿的情况下，她嫁给了高大结实的大胡子男人皮图丘。皮图丘一心要把悍妇凯特训练成百依百顺的好妻子，所以他采取了“以暴制暴”的方式，最后终于驯服了凯特的一身傲骨。,So far , so normal, and th
28、is could have been an outdoor summer-stock Shakespeare production anywhere in America, except in one respect: a police car was now parked conspicuously in view, its roof light slowly rotating. (Para.3),Shakespeare在句中指代的是莎士比亚的作品。通过相近的联想，用一种事物代替另一种事物的修辞手法叫 转喻 (metonymy)。,Examples: He is fond of the bo
29、ttle. (wine) It will cost you a pretty penny. (money) Sheraton is a hotel noted for its good table. (food),summer-stock 夏季轮演剧目： 固定在某一剧场的专业剧团在夏季演出的剧目,So far , so normal, and this could have been an outdoor summer-stock Shakespeare production anywhere in America, except in one respect: a police car wa
30、s now parked conspicuously in view, its roof light slowly rotating. (Para.3),第二个分句是个含蓄条件句，句中并没有出现条件从句，非真实的条件暗含在介词短语except中。 含蓄条件句：在这种句型中，条件都暗含在上下文中。,Examples: I wouldnt have been there except for him. But for your help we wouldnt have succeeded in the experiment. This same thing, happening in wartim
31、e, would amount to disaster. Alone, he would have been terrified.,Belvedere Castle 眺望台城堡 (para4),Belvedere is Italian for “beautiful view”.,Belvedere Castle,To the south of Delacorte Theater perched on Visa Rock. As its name suggests, the castle offers visitors a wonderful panoramic (a view of wide
32、area) viewpoint.,It is now home to the Henry Luce Nature Observatory (亨利卢斯自然气象台), where simple displays show how naturalists observe the world.,Shakespeare Garden (莎士比亚花园) (para4),Nestled between the Delacorte Theater, Belvedere Castle, and the Swedish Cottage, it is a garden dedicated to Shakespear
33、e in 1916, the 300th anniversary of his death.,Shakespeare Garden (para4),Following a Victorian tradition, only flowers mentioned in Shakespeares plays and poetry were planted in the garden. Scattered throughout the garden are bronze plaques with Shakespearean quotations that inspired the planting.,
34、(para. 4)I was feeling a certain exhilaration, climbing the steps of Belvedere Castle all alone, peeking through the windows of the Henry Luce Nature Observatory, identifying the herbs in the Shakespeare Garden, when, after turning this way and that, I was on a winding trail in impenetrable foliage,
35、 and, within minutes, I was lost.,The Ramble (漫步园) (para.5),The Ramble is a sanctuary(避难所) for as many as 250 species of birds, with the interlaced paths and hills, countless trees, shrubs, meadows, rocky cliffs and a winding stream. The Ramble was intended as a woodland walk through highly varied t
36、opography(地形学), a “wild garden“ away from carriage drives and bridle paths.,Raccoons can be seen scurrying (run with short quick steps) in the underbrush.,The Ramble (para.5),Raccoon,Bird-watchingThe Ramble is one of the major centers of bird-watching in Central Park: 250 species of birds have been
37、spotted over the years. The Ramble as a gay iconSince at least the early 20th century, the seclusion of the Ramble has been used for private homosexual encounters.,Background New York Skyline (para.5),New York Skyline at Night (para.5),Buildings soar upward.,The lake is the largest body of water (ex
38、cluding the Reservoir) in Central Park. It was created out of a large Swamp(沼泽) in the south of the Park and was intended for boating in the summer and ice-skating in the winter. Many visitors are content, however, to circle the lake on foot, following the pathways that wind along its shoreline, wat
39、ching the Parks tree-line shifting in its reflection.,The Lake (para.5),rowing boat on the lake in the Central Park,The Lake (para.5),There was a light ahead, and as I rounded the corner I came upon five men, all wearing white T-shirts, huddled around a bench.(para. 5),I walked past, avoiding eye co
40、ntact, and turned down a path, a narrow one, black dark, going down a hill, getting darker, very dark.(para. 5),Im in the Park less than an hour and already Im lost, on an unlighted path, facing an unknown thing shaking threateningly in the bushes, and I thought, shit! (para.5),And I bolted, not run
41、ning, exactly, but no longer strolling - and certainly not looking back - turning left, turning right, all sense of direction obliterated, the crashing continuing behind me, louder even, left, another man in a T- shirt, right, another man, when finally I realized where I was - in the Ramble. (para.
42、5),(para. 6)约翰温斯顿列侬是一名英国摇滚音乐家、创作歌手、作家与积极的和平运动家，以身为披头士乐队创团团员扬名全球。列侬与保罗麦卡特尼的合作是20世纪最成功也是最具影响力的创作组合之一，并“创作了摇滚史上最受欢迎的歌曲”，他在单曲榜史最有成就的作曲家中名列第二，仅次于麦卡特尼。列侬在他的音乐、电影、书作中，甚至在记者会与专访时，总是显露出一种桀骜不驯、反抗权威的性格与尖刻而讽刺的才思。与他的妻子小野洋子同为激进和平主义者与视觉艺术家，所以其作品亦是极具争议性。,草莓园 (Strawberry Fields）,约翰列侬遗孀 - 小野洋子为了纪念其夫于 1980 年遇刺，在住处（也是蓝
43、侬遇害的地点）达科塔大厦前，出资修缮这个泪滴状区域，并称之为“草莓园” (Strawberry Fields) 。每年 12 月 8 日（蓝侬遇害日），全世界的披头士歌迷会聚集在此一同纪念他，并遥望达科塔旧居，平时也有歌迷会在马赛克图形上点一根蜡烛、放一束鲜花来凭吊他。,eg: Its hard to get ones bearings in a thick rain forest. (1) lose ones bearings 迷失方向；惶惑 (2) bring sb to his bearings 使清醒,(para. 6) get / find ones bearings: 辨明方向，确
44、定位置,Part 3 (Paras. 712) :Central Park history and another scare.,One of the first events in the Park took place 140 years ago almost to the day: a band concert. The concert, pointedly, was held on a Saturday, still a working day, because the concert, like much of the Park then, was designed to keep
45、the citys rougher elements out. (Para. 7),to the day: 恰好，刚好，一天不差 Examples: three years ago to the day 40 years ago to the day cf. to this day 直到现在，迄今 of the day 当代的，当时的,一天不差恰好三年前,四十年前的今天,One of the first events in the Park took place 140 years ago almost to the day: a band concert. The concert, poin
46、tedly, was held on a Saturday, still a working day, because the concert, like much of the Park then, was designed to keep the citys rougher elements out. (Para. 7),句子中的rougher elements指的是纽约的工人阶级(working class population).中央公园当初主要是应商人和富有阶层的要求兴建的，因此，在公园开放的前十年，它主要是富裕阶层的娱乐场所。音乐会特别安排在周六下午，因为当时仍实行六天工作制，工人
47、们周六无法去听音乐会，这样就确保了音乐会只有富人才能去参加。,One of the first events in the Park took place 140 years ago almost to the day: a band concert. The concert, pointedly, was held on a Saturday, still a working day, because the concert, like much of the Park then, was designed to keep the citys rougher elements out. (P
48、ara. 7),Understanding: One of the first events in the Park took place almost exactly on this day 140 years ago: a band concert. The concert was deliberately held on a Saturday when ordinary people were all working so as to keep them out.,Another Aesthetic Experience (para.7),but everyone, as he put
49、it, felt the need to “keep patting the Park on the back ” (para. 10),pat sb. on the back: to praise sb. for doing sth. well 赞扬某人 Eg. You should pat him on the back for the progress he has made.,The park might have been at its most popular (para. 10),at its most popular: when it was most popular 当最受欢迎的时候 eg. Yoga is at its most popular now. Another expression: at ones best: meaning in ones best condition eg. He acted both tragic and comic parts, but he was at his best in comedy.,
