1、The Yin and the Yang of Corporate Innovation,VS,谷歌之阳，苹果之阴,Some Phrases,bottom-up 从细节到总体的，自下而上的 top-down 自上而下的，高阶命令的 speak to，证明 innovation 创新，新事物 nudge 推进 smartphone 智能手机 life span 一生，预期生命期限 beholden 依赖的 powerhouse 源泉 epicenter 中心，集中点,The model of Google is bottom-up,while Apple is top-down. The Goo
2、gle model relies on rapid experimentation and data.The company constantly refines its search,advertising marketplace,e-mail and other services,depending on how people use its online offerings.It takes a bottom-up approach: customers are participants,essentially becoming parnters in product.,谷歌型的创新模式
3、依赖于快速的实验和数据。该公司依据人们对其在线产品的使用现状，不断完善其搜索引擎、广告市场、电子邮件等服务。它采取的是一种自下而上的方式：顾客是参与者，实质上成了产品设计者。,Google speaks to the power of data-driven decision-making, and netwoked communication. Many company use this type of modle too.Such as,the General Electric(通用电气公司),Dow Chemical(陶氏化学),The National Science Foundati
4、on(美国国家科学基金会).,Yet while networked communications and marketplace experiments add useful information,breakthrough ideas still come from individuals, not committes. Open innovation isnt a new idea.It flourished,in its way ,even in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Infields like electricity, pha
5、rmaceuticals and communicationd, big corporations including General Electric and Dow Chemical routinely monitored the research beyond their walls, and bought or licensed promising work.,The Apple model is more edited, intuitive and top-down,When asked what market research went into the companys elen
6、gant producet designs, Steve Jobs had a standard answer：none.“Its not the consumers job to know what they want.“ Maybe he would add.,Apple and Google pursue very different paths to innovation,but the gap between their two models may be closing a bit.In the months after Larry page,the Google co-founder,took over as chief executive last April,the company eliminated. a diverse collection of more than two dozen projects,a nudge toward top-down leadership.And Timothy D.Cook,Apples C.E.O., will almost surely be a more bottom-up leader than Mr.jobs.,Thats all!,Thank you for your listenning!,
