1、- 1 -课时提能练(四).阅读理解(2019新疆适应性测试)Superstorm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States three years ago.The winddriven water caused a lot of flooding，especially in the regions subway system.Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.In New York City alone，Supers
2、torm Sandy caused an estimated $19 billion in damage.Much of the floodwaters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates(通风栅)Those metal grills usually lie at ground level.When the system is shut down ahead of a flood，engineers try to cover those grates with plywood(胶合板) and sandbags.Bu
3、t the flooding often washes away those measures，which allows water to flow into the tunnels.Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money.Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes.That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money，too.Kyle
4、 and Raymond came up with a different，less expensive idea.They designed a metal grate with a builtin，adjustable cover.When trains are running，one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air.But when the system is shut down，that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.Their grate
5、is the same size as the grates used now.So，it would be simple，they say，to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.Their design includes tamperproof features，which can prevent operation mistakes.They make sure that people dont intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions.For peopl
6、e with the proper key，it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述三年前超级风暴 Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。1Whats the second paragraph mainly about?AThe steps to operate grates.BThe measures to prevent flood.CThe function of ply
7、wood and sandbags.DThe disadvantage of present subway system.D 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴 Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了- 2 -价值 190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故本题选 D。2Which of the following words best describes the two teens new invention?ACostly. BTimesaving.CPractical. DConventional.C 推理判断题。根据文章最
8、后一段第一、第二句“Their grate is the same size as the grates used now.So，it would be simple，they say，to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.”他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很方便。故选 C。3Whats the purpose of designing the tamperproof feature?ATo replace the old
9、grate correctly.BTo close the grate ahead of a flood.CTo ensure airflow in normal conditions.DTo stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、第四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故本题选 C。4Where does the text most probably come from?AA news report.BAn adventurous story
10、.CAn introduction to new equipment.DA guidebook to making grates.A 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选 A。.阅读七选五(2019长沙测评)How to Retain(保存) More of Every Book You ReadIn recent years，I have focused on building good reading habits and learned how to read more.For most
11、 people，the final goal of reading a nonfiction book is to actually improve their life by learning a new skill，understanding an important problem，or looking at the world in a new way._1_ With that in - 3 -mind，Id like to share three reading comprehension skills that I use to make my reading more prod
12、uctive.1Make all of your notes searchable.Having searchable book notes is important for returning to ideas easily._2_ An idea is only useful if you can find it when you need it.There is no need to leave the task of reading comprehension merely up to your memory.2_3_When you go to the library，all of
13、the books will be divided into different categories.In the real world，of course，knowledge is not separated into neatly defined boxes._4_ For that reason，I try to consider how the book Im reading is connected with all of the ideas that are already inside my head.Whenever possible，I try to combine the
14、 lessons Im learning with previous ideas.3Summarize the book in one paragraph._5_ It forces me to review my notes and consider what is really important about the book.In many cases，I find that I can usually get just as much useful information from reading my oneparagraph summary and reviewing my not
15、es as I would if I read the entire book again.ACombine thoughts as you read.BAll knowledge is interconnected.CDescribe the book to your friends.DRead widely if you want to practice the skills.EIt increases the chances that you will apply what you read in real life.FOnce I finish a book， I challenge
16、myself to summarize the text in just three sentences.GIts important to read books，but it is just as important to remember what you read and use it.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，分别从记笔记、边阅读边思考以及归纳三方面说明如何提高阅读效率。1G 根据空前的内容可知阅读能改善人们的生活，再根据后面一句中的“to make my reading more productive”(使得阅读更有效率)可知，G 项“阅读很重要，而记住所阅读的东西并利用它同样
17、重要”符合语境。另外，后面 With that in mind中的 that指代 G项内容。2E 根据语境可知，有可查阅的读书笔记对于轻松地回想起书中的思想很重要，这增加了你将读到的东西运用到现实生活中的可能性。E 项中的 It指代 Having searchable - 4 -book notes。3A 根据此段的最后一句“Whenever possible，I try to combine the lessons Im learning with previous ideas”可知，作者建议读书的过程中要学会整合思想，故 A项与此处匹配。4B 根据空前一句“In the real worl
18、d，of course，knowledge is not separated into neatly defined boxes”可知，现实生活中，知识当然不是独立地安放在各种整齐、清晰界定的箱子里，所有的知识都是交融的，故 B项与此处匹配。空后的“connected with”也是暗示。5F 根据本段标题句 Summarize the book in one paragraph中的关键词 Summarize可知，F 项中的“I challenge myself to summarize the text in just three sentences”与标题信息相吻合。.语法填空(2019安
19、徽省重点中学模拟)Worldfamous physicist Stephen Hawking has died at the age of 76.He died 1._(peaceful) at his home in Cambridge in the early 2._(hour) of Wednesday.Hawking was known 3._ the public for his work with black holes and relativity，and wrote several popular science books including A Brief History
20、of Time.At the age of 22，Prof.Hawking 4._(give) only a few years to live after doctors declared that he suffered from a rare disease.The illness left him in a wheelchair and he was 5._ (able) to speak except through a voice synthesizer (合成器)Prof.Hawking was the first 6._(set) out a theory of cosmolo
21、gy(宇宙学) explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.He also discovered that black holes 7._(leak) energy and fade to nothinga phenomenon that would 8._(late) become known as Hawking radiation.Through his work with mathematician Sir Roger Penrose he proved that Eins
22、teins general theory of relativity suggests space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and 9._ end in black holes.In a statement，his children praised his“courage and persistence”and said his“brilliance and humour”inspired people across the world.They added， “He once said， It would not be
23、much of a universe 10._ it wasnt home to the people you love.We will miss him forever.”【语篇解读】 斯蒂芬霍金于 2018年 3月 14日去世，享年 76岁。本文简单介绍了霍金的生平。- 5 -1peacefully 考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词 died，故用副词。2hours 考查名词复数。the early hours“凌晨时分”为固定用法，故填 hour的复数形式。3to 考查介词。be known to.for.“因而为所知”为固定用法，故填介词 to。4was given 考查时态和语态。根据表示
24、过去的时间状语 At the age of 22可知此处要用一般过去时；又因为 Prof.Hawking与 give是被动关系，故用被动语态。5unable 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处要填形容词；又此处表示“他不能说话” ，故用 able的反义词 unable。6to set 考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，序数词后一般用不定式作后置定语，故填 to set。7leak 考查时态。虽然主句用了一般过去时，但宾语从句叙述的是客观事实，故从句要用一般现在时。8later 考查副词。此处表示一个之后会作为霍金辐射而闻名的现象，故填 later。9an 考查冠词。前面的 a beg
25、inning暗示这里用 an end，故填 an。10if 考查状语从句。根据语境可知，此处要用 if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。.短文改错(2019河北五校联考)A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday， causing 4 death.Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the storm.A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and last one hour.He said
26、， “I was in the kitchen with my wife and children while we heard a loud noise.A few minutes late，our house fell down.I managed to climb out，but much to my shocking，one of my boys were missing.I quickly went back inside and found them safe but frightened.”Soldiers came to rescue those burying under t
27、he ruins，and the government provided food，clothes，and shelters for homeless.【答案】 A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa last Friday，causing 4 on.Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the storm.A farmer said deathdeathsthe storm began early in the morning and one hour.He said， “I
28、 was in the lastlastedkitchen with my wife and children we heard a loud noise.A few minutes whilewhen- 6 -，our house fell down.I managed to climb out，but much to my ，one latelater shockingshockof my boys missing.I quickly went back inside and found safe but werewas themhimfrightened.”Soldiers came to rescue those under the ruins，and the buryingburiedgovernment provided food，clothes，and shelters for homeless.the- 7 -
