1、 1 15 50 70 ( 8 70 ) 1 (9 ) ( ) (1) _ 3d _ (2) Ni(NH3)6SO4 3)6SO4 _ Ni(NH3)6 2 Ni 2 NH3 _ _ _( (PH3) _ _ ( _ (3) _ ICu=1 958 k 1 INi 1 ICu INi _ _ (4) _ d 3 a=_nm (1)Ni 28 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 8 4s 2 Ni 3d 8 5 2 2 4 S 6 2 2 =4 4 SO 2 4 3)6 2 Ni 2 NH3 N 2 NH3 NH3 PH3 NH3 N 3 1 N sp 3 NH3 (3)Cu
2、 Ni Cu 3d 10 4s 1, 3d 2 ICu INi Ni Cu Cu 1 2 =3 Ni 1 8 =1 Cu Ni m= 1 mol 59)g=a 3 d 3 NA a= 251 23 d 1 3cm= 251 23 d 1 3 7nm (1)1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 8 4s 2 Ar3d 8 4s 22 N NH3 sp 3(3) 3d 10 4s 1 251 23 d 1 3 72 (9 ) CaF2 (1) CaF2 _ a Ca 2 F b F Cl CaF2 CaCl2 c CaF2 d CaF2 CaF2 (2)CaF2 Al 3 _ _
3、 ( ) AlF 3 6 (3)F2 NaOH OF2 OF2 _ _ (4)F2 ClF3 BrF3 Cl2(g) 3F2(g)=2ClF3(g) H= 1 F F 1 Cl Cl 1 ClF3 Cl F 1 ClF3 BrF3 _( (1)a Ca 2 F b CaF2 CaCl2 F Cl CaF2 3 CaCl2 CaF2 CaCl2 c d CaF2 CaF2 (2) CaF2 2 (aq) 2F (aq) Al 3 F AlF 3 6 CaF2 3CaF2 Al 3 =3Ca 2 AlF 3 6 (3)OF2 1 2 2 V O sp 3 (4) Cl F x = Cl2(g) 3
4、F2(g)=2ClF3(g) H 1 1 6x= 313 1 x 1 ClF3 BrF3 ClF3 BrF3 ClF3 BrF3 (1)bd (2)3CaF2 Al 3 =3Ca 2 AlF 3 6 (3)V sp 3(4)172 3 (9 )A B C D A 2 B C D C 3 D (1) _( ) C _ (2) A _( ) _ A B _ _ (3)C D E, E _ _ (4) D2A _ _ D Na2CO3 D2A _ (5)A B F a=0.566 nm F _ A _ F 3 )_ A B C D A 2 B A O B Na C D C 3 C P D 4 D (
5、1) O P 15 C 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 3 ( Ne3s 2 3p 3 ) (2) O3 O3 A B NaH (3)C D E E PCl3 P 4 E sp 3 (4) Cl2O 2 4 V D Na2CO3 D2A 2Cl2 2Na2CO3 H2O=Cl2O 2NaHCO3 2NaCl (5)O 2 Na F O 2 Na O 2 Na 8 O 2 Na F Na2O O 8 Na O 8 a 7 cm 7 cm) 3 F 1 ( 7 cm) 3 23 mol 1 3 (1)O 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 3 ( Ne 3s 2 3p 3
6、) (2)O3 O3 (3) sp 3(4)V 4 2Cl2 2Na2CO3 H2O=Cl2O 2NaHCO3 2NaCl( 2Cl2 2Na2CO3=Cl2O CO2 2NaCl) (5)Na2O 8 1 ( 7 cm) 3 23 mol 1 34 (9 ) (1) Fe _ Fe 3 _ Ti 2 _ (2) _ A NH 4 PH 4 CH4 BH 4 ClO 4 B NH3 PH3 NH3 C NH3 NF3 N sp 3 (3) NaCl 5 Ti N r Ti Ti _ Ti N _ _ Ti a pm N b pm _ _ (1)Fe 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p
7、 6 3d 6 4s 2 3d 4 Fe 3 Fe 3 Fe 3 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 5 Ti 2 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 2 M M 1 3s 3 3p 5 3d 9 (2)A. NH 4 PH 4 CH4 BH 4 5 8 ClO 4 32 A B. PH3 NH3 PH3 N P B C.NH3 NF3 N 3 4 sp 3 NH3 N 3 NF3 N 3 C B 4 Ti 12 Ti Ti 8 Ti N 8 Ti N 3r 4 Ti 4 N 4 3 a 3 b 3 a b (2a 2b) 3 4 3 (a 3 b 3
8、) (2a 2b) 3 = 3 (a 3 b 3 ) (a b) 3 1 8 =1 1 2 =3 6 1 4 =4 Ti4CN3 (1)4 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 59 (2)B 3r 8 3 (a 3 b 3 ) (a b) 3 4CN3 5 (8 )M 1 Y 1 (1) M _ _ M _ (2) Y _ _( ) Y _( ) _ (3)M Y _ a=0.542 nm 3 ( NA) _ _ M Y (1) 12 (2) 17 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 Ar HClO4 sp 3 4 CuCl 1 mol 4 molCuCl,1
9、 mol a=0.542 nm NA (0.542) 3 21 M(CuCl) NA a 3 21 3 Cu 7 Cu Cu 2 Cu(NH3)4 2 (1) 12 (2)1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5Ar HClO4 NA (0.542) 3 21 M(CuCl) NA a 3 21 ( ) Cu(NH3)4 2 6 (8 )Zn(CN)4 2 HCHO 4HCHO Zn(CN)4 2 4H 4H2O=Zn(H2O)4 2 4HOCH2CN (1)Zn 2 _ (2)1 mol HCHO _ mol (3)HOCH2CN _ (4) H2O _ (5)Zn(CN)4 2 Z
10、n 2 CN C Zn(CN)4 2 _ (1)Zn 30 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 2 2 Zn 2 Zn 2 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 Ar3d 10 (2)HCHO 1 1 1 HCHO 3 1 mol HCHO 3 mol (3) HOCH2CN 2 C 4 sp 3 C 1 2 sp (4) H2O 3 8 NH 2 (5)Zn 2 CN C (1)1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 ( Ar3d 10 ) (2)3 (3)sp 3 sp (4)NH 2 8 (5) 7 (9 ) E G M Q T E G M P M ns n np 2n E M QM2 GM 2 T (1) T _ (2)E G M _( ) (3)E G M _( ) G VSEPR _ M _ (4)EM GM G2 EM ( )_ E M 1.0 EM EM _ (5)TQ TQ 3 TQ M 1 NA mol 1 a b _cm M ns n np 2n s 2 n=2 M
