1、 10 1 1. 2. 3. 4. pH pH pH 2 1 2016 A CH3COOH Zn H2 B 0.1mol/L CH3COONa pH 7 C CH3COOH NaCO3 CO2 D 0.1 mol/L CH3COOH B CH3COOH 0.1mol/LCH3COOH pH 1 CH3COOH pH=1CH3COOH 100 3 pH 1 0.1mol/L CH3COONa pH 7 CH3COONa CH3COO - 2 2016 A B C D A 1 1 ( ) 2 3 CH3COOH CH3COO + H + (H + ) c(H + ) CH3COONa 2 K -
2、1 HA H + +A - ) ( ) ( ) ( HA c A c H c K MOH M + +OH - ) ( ) ( ) ( MOH c OH c M c K 2 K1 K2 K3 3 K ( ) ( ) 4 K K pH 1 1 H2O = H + +OH - H 0 KW=c(H + c(OH - ) c(H ) c(OH ) 7 _mol/L pH 7 2 H2O c(H + )=c(OH - ) Kw c(OH - ) c(H + ) c(H + )= c(H + )( )+c(H + )( c(H + )( ) c(H + )( )=c(OH - ) c(OH - )=c(O
3、H - )( )+ c(OH - )( c(OH - )( ) c(OH - )( )=c(H + ) c(H + )=c(OH - )=c(H + )( )=c(OH - )( ) c(H + )=c(H + )( )= c(OH - )( ) c(OH - ) c(OH - )=c(OH - )( )=c(H + )( ) c(H + ) 3 KW KW 2 pH 1 pH= lgH + pH 0 14 H + OH - 1mol/L pH 2 pH c(H + ) pH 25 0 C c(H + ) c(OH - ) ( ) pH7 c(H + ) c(OH - ) 3 pH Kw=c(
4、H + c(OH - c(H + )( c(OH - )( ) =c(H + )( c(H + )( ) Kw=c(H + c(OH - c(OH - )( c(H + )( )= c(OH - )( c(OH - )( ) pH( )=pH( )+lgn(n ) pH( )=pH( ) lgn(n ) pH 7 7 pH 7 7 pH pH pH pH c(H + pH=7 c(OH - c(H + 1 1L0.1mol/L H2A NaOH A pH A H2A B 0.1mol/LNaHA c(A 2 ) c(HA ) c(H2A) 0.1mol/L C NaHA Na2A pH=3.0
5、 D. pH=4.0 n(HA ) 0.0091mol D HA A 2 NaHA Na2A HA A 2 pH 3.0 C D C HA 10 3 pH 4 HA x A 2 0.1 x 4 3 10 (0.1 ) 10 x x x 0.0091 D D 25 1 CH3COOH 1 NaOH VmLCH3COOH pH=7 CH3COOH Ka A Ka = 7 0.1V 2B V= 7 0.1 K a 2C Ka = 7 V+20D Ka = 8 V A 2 A Ca(OH)2 pH B pH=11 pH=3 pH7 C -1 HI 100 D pH a (a+l) c1 c2, c1=
6、10c2 B A Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 pH B pH=3 c(H +)=10 -3 mol/L pH=11 c(OH -)=10 -3 mol/L H + OH - pH 7 C HI 0.1mol/L HI l00 0.001mol/L KW = c(H + -) D pH a a+1 c1 c2 c1 10 c2 pH pH A pH=11 100 c(H + )=10 -13 mol/L B pH=9 pH=13 pH=11 C pH=1 pH=5 pH=1.3 D pH=13 pH=1 pH7 C pH pH 1 HA pH 2 HA HA pH pH pH
7、 pH pH pH NaOH H2 pH pH=7 pH 7 A pH=3 B CH3COOH NaOH c(H ) = W K mol/L C pH 11 NaOH Na2CO3 D pH B (1) (2) c(H ) (3) (4) pH pH 7 (5) c(H ) 10 13 mol/L 25 0.1mol/L c(H ) 10 13mol/L (6) 1 1. 2. 2 , , , pH 1 2016 NaOH 1 (HA HB HD) A KHAKHBKHD B P c(B )c(Na )c(HB)c(H )c(OH ) C pH=7 c(A )=c(B )=c(D ) D 10
8、0% c(HA) c(HB) c(HD)=c(OH ) c (H ) C 2 2016 1L 0.01molNaAlO2 0.02molNaOH n(CO2) 0.01molc(AlO2 - )+c(OH - ) B 0.01 c(Na + )c(AlO2 - ) c(OH - )c(CO3 2- ) C 0.015 c(Na + ) c(HCO3 - )c(CO3 2- ) c(OH - ) D 0.03 c(Na + ) c(HCO3 - ) c(OH - )c(H + ) D 1L 0.01molNaAlO2 0.02molNaOH 0.02mol 0.01mol 0.01mol 1 H
9、 OH 2 3 1 CO3 2- +H2O HCO3 - +OH - HCO3 - +H2O H2CO3+OH - 2 0.1mol/LNaAc Ac - 1% 3 0.1mol/LNa2CO3 0.1mol/LNaAc CO3 2- Ac - 0.1mol/L Na2CO3 0.1mol/LNaAc CO3 2- Ac - 0.1mol/L NH4Cl 0.1mol/LNaAc NH4 + Ac - 0.1mol/L NH4Cl 0.1mol/LNaAc NH4 + Ac - 4 1 NaHSO3 NaH2PO4 NaHS NaHCO3 Na2HPO4 2 HAC NaAc NH3H2O N
10、H4Cl 5 1 NaHCO3 n(Na + ) n(H + ) n(HCO3 - ) 2n(CO3 2- ) n(OH - ) 2 NaHCO3 n(Na + ):n(C) 1:1 c(Na + ) c(HCO3 - ) c(CO3 2- ) c(H2CO3) 3 H + NH4HCO3 H3O + H2CO3 NH3 OH - CO3 2- c(H3O + )+c(H2CO3)=c(NH3)+c(OH - )+c(CO3 2- ) 1 AmBn AnBm(s) nA m+ (aq)+ mB n- (aq) Ksp=A m+ n B n- mKsp 1 Ksp Ksp 2 Ksp 2 AmBn Qc Ksp Qc Qc Qc Ksp Qc= Ksp Qc Ksp 3 1 Qc Ksp 2 1 12 - 1 25mL NH4Cl Na2CO3 NaHCO3 A 4 pH B pH 7 c(NH4 ) c(NH3 2O) C 25mL 1 c(NH4 ) D 12.5mL 1 NaOH D A.pH NH4Cl (NH4)2SO4 c(NH4Cl) c(NH4)2SO4 B. c(HClO) C. HA NaA
