1、Wang Jufang,1,Informative Speech,说明性演讲 / 告知性演讲,Wang Jufang,2,Contents,DefinitionTypes & IllustrationsTips for Successful Informative SpeechYour Assignment,Wang Jufang,3,Definition,An informative speech is the one in which the speaker provide the audience with new and/or useful information about a si
2、gnificant topic. Audience their interest, familiarity and understanding Purpose your goal: to increase an audiences knowledge or understanding of a topic your job: to define, explain and clarify Subject various, important to the audience,Wang Jufang,4,Types of Informative Speech,Speeches of Descript
3、ion 描述性演讲Speeches of Explanation 解释性演讲Speeches of Demonstration 演示性演讲,to define,to explain,to clarify,Wang Jufang,5,Speeches of Description 描述性演讲,attempt to give the audience a clear picture of a particular object, or event (activity). speeches about objects 说明事物 speeches about events 说明事情Language o
4、f examples, and imagery are particularly important for the success of such a speech.,Wang Jufang,6,Speeches about Objects,Objects refers to anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form. e.g. places, organizations, animal, people Order of Description chronological order 时间顺序 to explain the
5、history or evolution of the subjectspatial order 空间顺序 to describe the main features of the subject topical order 论题顺序,Wang Jufang,7,Example chronological order,Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the poetic career of Du Fu Central Idea:Judged by some experts to be the worlds greatest poet
6、, Du Fu expressed the peoples spirit during a tumultuous (动荡的) period in Chinese history. Main Points:I. Du Fu was greatly influenced by his friendship with Li Bai during the 740s.II. Du Fu blossomed as a poet during the 750s despite great turmoil (混乱) in his personal life.III. Du Fu reached a peak
7、of activity during his years in Chengdu from 759 to 765.IV. Du Fu continued to write works of lasting important until his death in 770.,Wang Jufang,8,Example spatial order,Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the design of the Eiffel Tower. Central Idea: The Eiffel Tower is divided into th
8、ree sections, each with its own functions. Main Points: I. The lowest section of the tower contains the entrance, a gift shop, and a restaurant.II. The middle section of the tower consists of stairs and elevators that lead to the top.III. The top section of the tower includes an observation deck wit
9、h a spectacular view of Pairs.,Wang Jufang,9,Example topical order,Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the four major elements of a Japanese garden. Central Idea: The four major elements of a Japanese garden are stones, sand, water and plants. Main points: I. The first element of a Japane
10、se garden is stones, which symbolize mountain and islands.II. The second element of a Japanese garden is sand, which symbolizes the sea or other vast areas.III. The third element of a Japanese garden is water, which symbolizes cleansing and purity.IV. The fourth element of a Japanese garden is plant
11、s, which symbolize life and the changing seasons.,Wang Jufang,10,Speeches about Events,Event means anything that happens or is regarded as happening. something that occurs in a certain place during a particular interval of time Order of Description chronological order 时间顺序 to recount the history of
12、an eventtopical order 论题顺序 to approach an event from almost any angle or combination of angles features, origins, implications, benefits, future developments and so on,Wang Jufang,11,Example chronological order,Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the history of the Paralympics. Central Id
13、ea: Olympic-style games for athletes with physical disabilities have made great strides since the first competition more than 60 years ago. Main points:I. What would eventually become the Paralympics began in 1948 with a sports competition in Great Britain involving World War II veterans with spinal
14、 cord injuries. II. In 1952, the event expanded when athletes from the Netherlands took part.III. The first official Paralympic Games for International athletes took place in Rome in 1960.IV. In 2001, an agreement was signed officially holding the Paralympic Games alongside the summer and winter Oly
15、mpic Games.,Wang Jufang,12,Example topical order,Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the four major roles in Peking Opera.Central Idea: The four major roles in Peking Opera are Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou. Main Points: I. Sheng is the primary male role.II. Dan refers to any female role.III
16、. Jing is a painted-face male role.IV. Chou is a male clown role.,Wang Jufang,13,Speeches of Explanation 解释性演讲,inform the audience about subjects that are typically more abstract than the subjects of descriptive or demonstration speeches speeches about concepts 说明概念Concept refers to a belief, theory
17、, idea notion, principle, and so on. e.g. love, friendship, happiness, jealousy, family, society, culture, history, clone, chaos theory, bioterrorism, etc.,Wang Jufang,14,Speeches about Concepts,Goal the audiences understanding and comprehension Techniques 1. Define the subject in terms of most impo
18、rtant features “what difference does a college education make? Four important areas come to mind: College educated people have 1. greater knowledge, 2. a greater breadth of knowledge, 3. a greater understanding through perspective, and 4. supervised experience.”,Wang Jufang,15,continued ,Techniques
19、2. Compare an example with a non-example. 3. Provide more examples to reinforce what listeners have learned. Order of Explanation usually organized in topical order and focus on the main features or aspects of the concept,Wang Jufang,16,Example,Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the Five
20、 Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. Central Idea: The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence set forth norms for relations among nations. Main Points: I. The first principle is mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity.II. The second principle is mutual non-aggression.III. The third
21、 principle is non-interference in each others internal affairs.IV. The fourth principle is equality and mutual benefit.V. The fifth principle is peaceful coexistence.,Wang Jufang,17,Speeches of Demonstration 演示性演讲,attempt to show an audience how to do something or how something works speeches about
22、processes 说明程序Goal to increase the audiences understanding or their skills,Wang Jufang,18,Speeches about Processes,A process is a systematic series of action that leads to a specific result or product.Make sure: Every step is clear and easy to follow. Speakers are always talking while they are demon
23、strating the process or referring to their visual aid. Be alert to what the audience already knows about the subject and discuss an aspect of the topic that is not common knowledge. The chronological or time pattern is most often used to accomplish these speeches.,Wang Jufang,19,Example,Specific Pur
24、pose: To explain to the audience how to write an effective resume in English. Central Idea: Writing an effective resume involves four basic steps. Main Points: I. Gathering all the relevant material and data.II. Sorting out the material and data into six basic categories: career objectives, educatio
25、nal background, work/professional experience, other activities (interests, skills, awards, memberships, etc.), references.III. Writing the resume using reader-friendly and appropriate structure and clear language.IV. Revising the resume in terms of accuracy / completeness of data, data arrangement,
26、effective use of language.,Wang Jufang,20,Tips for Informative Speech,Dont overestimate what the audience knows Present new and interesting information Relate subject directly to audience Personalize your ideas Define key terms Dont be too technical or abstract Include neither too much, nor too litt
27、le Reinforce message through repetition,Wang Jufang,21,Your Assignment,Topic The Forbidden City as a Tourist Attraction Flu Is Preventable What is Anxiety Disorder? Humor: The Best MedicineChoose one of the topics above or invent a topic by yourself, follow the format “Specific PurposeCentral IdeaMa
28、in Points” and write an outline of your speech.Prepare a 3-minute speech for next class,Wang Jufang,22,ATTENTION! 1 Focus on one aspect of your subject Limit the number of main points Keep main points separate Try to use the same pattern of wording for main points Balance the amount of time devoted
29、to each main point,Wang Jufang,23,Example Keep main points separate,Less effective:I. The first step is choosing the play.II. The second step is selecting the cast. III. The third step is conducting rehearsals and then performing the play,More effective:I. The first step is choosing the play.II. The
30、 second step is selecting the cast. III. The third step is conducting rehearsalsIV. The fourth step is performing the play.,Wang Jufang,24,Example Try to use the same pattern of wording for main points,Less effective:I. Regular exercise increases your endurance.II. Your sleeping pattern is improved by regular exercises.III. It is possible to help control your weight by regular exercises.,More effective:I. Regular exercise increases your endurance. II. Regular exercise improve your sleeping patternIII. Regular exercise help control your weight.,Wang Jufang,25,Thank you ,
