1、英美名篇精读 第二季第一节：逆境之光Three Days to seeHelen Keller（一）Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life有时我会想，也许最好的生活方式便是将每一天当作自己的末日。用这样的态度去生活，生命的价值方可得以彰显补充： Live as if you were to die tomorrow
2、; Learn as if you were to live forever.活则倚明日将逝之势，学则抱永无止境之心1.Attitude：tude 抽象名词后缀Attitude altitude aptitude fortitude It is not your aptitude but your attitude that decides your altitude.Gratitude solitude multitude2.Mulitude:multi=many；muchMulticultural multiform multimedia multilingual 补充： Seven Ho
3、ly Virtues : prudence fortitude justice temperance faith hope lovePerfect wisdom has four parts, viz., wisdom, the principle of doing things aright; justice, the principle of doing things equally in public and private; fortitude, the principle of not flying danger, but meeting it; and temperance, th
4、e principle of subduing desires and living moderately.Plato 3.Fortitude:for=strongForce fortify4.单词的关联性：gratitudeeedfortitudemultitudeeaptitudetude（二）We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant
5、panorama of more days and months and years to come.我们本应当纯良知恩、满怀激情地过好每一天，然而一日循着一日，一月接着一月，一年更似一年，这先品质往往被时间冲淡。1.time stretches before us：时间流逝的句型Phrase Pattern = A,B, and C of D2.A of B : B 的 AA hard-working man = a man of diligence例句：1.Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man
6、of value.Albert Einstein2.with this faith , we are able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. 唯黑暗，生光明。（三）Most of us，however, take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future, when we are in buoyant health, death is all but
7、 unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The days stretch out in an endless vista. So we go about our petty task, hardly aware of our listless attitude towards life.然而，我们大多数人都将生命视作天经地义、理所当然。我们直到有一天我们必然溘然长逝，但我们觉得那一天是在遥远的未来！在我们年壮身强的日子里，死亡是不可想象的。我们也很少去思考它。时间无限地向前延展，我们坐着这些那些琐碎地事，根本察觉不到我们对生活的冷漠。1.All but:几乎
8、，差不多When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable2.Nothing but:除 之外什么也没有，只有The man who reads nothing at all is better educated than the man who reads nothing but newspapers. Thomas Jefferson3.Anything but : 绝不Anything But Ordinary 绝不平凡（四）Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blin
9、d realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight. Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life. But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties. Their eyes and ears take in al
10、l sights and sound hazily, without concentration, and with little appreciation.只有聋子才珍惜听觉，只有盲人才能体会光明那无尽的美好。对于那些在成年之后才失去听觉或视力的人们更是如此。那些从未在听觉和视觉方面感受过障碍的人们，往往很少充分利用自己这些天赐的珍贵能力。他们的眼睛和耳朵模糊地吸收着所见的事物和听到的声音，不集中注意力，也不心存感激。（五）It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we conscious of health until
11、we are ill.常言说，失去之后方知珍惜，久病卧床才知要强身健体，正是如此。（六）At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight. Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little. The panorama of color and action fill the world
12、 is taken for granted.有时我是如此渴望目睹这一切。仅凭触摸便能得到如此多的快乐，若是能够亲眼望见，又将多么的美好。然而视力正常的人们却什么都看不见，世界的五光十色，对他们来说只是理所当然的存在。（七）It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light and the gift of sight is used only as
13、 mere convenience rather that as a means of adding fullness to life.也许人类的悲哀便在于此，拥有的东西不去珍惜，对于得不到的却永远渴望。在触得到光明的世界里，上天赋予得视力并非为已经很完美得生活锦上添花的手段，而是一个便利，这真是太遗憾了。The story of my lifeAnxiety：I had noticed that my mother and my friends did not use signs as I did when they wanted anything done, but talked with
14、 their mouths. Sometimes I stood between two persons who were conversing and touched their lips. I could not understand, and was vexed. I moved my lips and gesticulated frantically without result. This made me so angry at times that I kicked and screamed until I was exhausted.我发现母亲和朋友们交谈时用嘴，而不像我一样用手
15、比划。有时侯，我站在两个谈话的人中间，用手触摸他们的嘴唇，可还是不懂他们说什么，感到很困惑。我蠕动着嘴唇，拼命打手势，结果无济于事。有时，这使我气急败坏，我会使劲跳脚，大喊大叫，直到筋疲力尽方才罢休。Indifference:Martha Washington understood my signs, and I seldom had any difficulty in making her do just as I wished. It pleased me to domineer over her, and she generally submitted to my tyranny rat
16、her than risk a hand-to-hand encounter. I was strong, active, indifferent to consequences. I knew my own mind well enough and always had my own way, even if I had to fight tooth and nail for it.Desire:After awhile the need of some means of communication became so urgent that these outbursts occurred
17、 daily, sometimes hourly.change:The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects.My teacher is so near to me that I scarcely
18、 think of myself apart from her. How much of my delight in all beautiful things is innate, and how much is due to her influence, I can never tell. I feel that her being is inseparable from my own, and that the footsteps of my life are in hers. All the best of me belongs to her-there is not a talent,
19、 or an aspiration or a joy in me that has not been awakened by her loving touch.Rebirth:Miss Fullers method was this: she passed my hand lightly over her face, and let me feel the position of her tongue and lips when she made a sound. I was eager to imitate every motion and in an hour had learned si
20、x elements of speech: M, P, A, S, T, I.I shall never forget the surprise and delight I felt when I uttered my first connected sentence, “It is warm.“ True, they were broken and stammering syllables; but they were human speech. My soul, conscious of new strength, came out of bondage, and was reaching
21、 through those broken symbols of speech to all knowledge and all faithDifficulty:All teachers of the deaf know what this means, and only they can at all appreciate the peculiar difficulties with which I had to contend. In reading my teachers lips I was wholly dependent on my fingers: I had to use th
22、e sense of touch in catching the vibrations of the throat, the movements of the mouth and the expression of the face; and often this sense was at fault.In such cases I was forced to repeat the words or sentences, sometimes for hours, until I felt the proper ring in my own voice. My work was practice
23、, practice, practice.Discouragement and weariness cast me down frequently.Each day Miss Sullivan went to the classes with me and spelled into my hand with infinite patience all that the teachers said. In study hours she had to look up new words for me and read and reread notes and books I did not ha
24、ve in raised print. The tedium of that work is hard to conceive.The one I felt and still feel most is lack of time. I used to have time to think, to reflect, my mind and I. We would sit together of an evening and listen to the inner melodies of the spirit, which one hears only in leisure moments whe
25、n the words of some loved poet touch a deep, sweet chord in the soul that until then had been silent. But in college there is no time to commune with ones thoughts. One goes to college to learn, it seems, not to think. When one enters the portals of learning, one leaves the dearest pleasures-solitud
26、e, books and imagination-outside with the whispering pines.every one who wishes to gain true knowledge must climb the Hill Difficulty alone, and since there is no royal road to the summit, I must zigzag it in my own way. I slip back many times, I fall, I stand still, I run against the edge of hidden
27、 obstacles, I lose my temper and find it again and keep it better, I trudge on, I gain a little, I feel encouraged, I get more eager and climb higher and begin to see the widening horizon. Every struggle is a victory. One more effort and I reach the luminous cloud, the blue depths of the sky, the up
28、lands of my desire. Adaptability:I began my studies with eagerness. Before me I saw a new world opening in beauty and light, and I felt within me the capacity to know all things. In the wonderland of Mind I should be as free as another. Its people, scenery, manners, joys, tragedies should be living,
29、 tangible interpreters of the real world. The lecture-halls seemed filled with the spirit of the great and the wise, and I thought the professors were the embodiment of wisdom. If I have since learned differently, I am not going to tell anybody.But I soon discovered that college was not quite the ro
30、mantic lyceum I had imagined. Many of the dreams that had delighted my young inexperience became beautifully less and “faded into the light of common day.“ Gradually I began to find that there were disadvantages in going to college.The one I felt and still feel most is lack of time. I used to have t
31、ime to think, to reflect, my mind and I. We would sit together of an evening and listen to the inner melodies of the spirit, which one hears only in leisure moments when the words of some loved poet touch a deep, sweet chord in the soul that until then had been silent. But in college there is no tim
32、e to commune with ones thoughts. One goes to college to learn, it seems, not to think. When one enters the portals of learning, one leaves the dearest pleasures-solitude, books and imagination-outside with the whispering pines. I suppose I ought to find some comfort in the thought that I am laying u
33、p treasures for future enjoyment, but I am improvident enough to prefer present joy to hoarding riches against a rainy day.Every one who wishes to gain true knowledge must climb the Hill Difficulty alone, and since there is no royal road to the summit, I must zigzag it in my own way. I slip back man
34、y times, I fall, I stand still, I run against the edge of hidden obstacles, I lose my temper and find it again and keep it better, I trudge on, I gain a little, I feel encouraged, I get more eager and climb higher and begin to see the widening horizon. Every struggle is a victory. One more effort an
35、d I reach the luminous cloud, the blue depths of the sky, the uplands of my desire. I am not always alone, however, in these struggles. Mr. William Wade and Mr. E. E. Allen, Principal of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, get for me many of the books I need in raised prin
36、t. Their thoughtfulness has been more of a help and encouragement to me than they can ever know.Love:Love is something like the clouds that were in the sky before the sun came out,“ she replied. Then in simpler words than these, which at that time I could not have understood, she explained: “You can
37、not touch the clouds, you know; but you feel the rain and know how glad the flowers and the thirsty earth are to have it after a hot day. You cannot touch love either; but you feel the sweetness that it pours into everything. Without love you would not be happy or want to play.The beautiful truth bu
38、rst upon my mind-I felt that there were invisible lines stretched between my spirit and the spirits of others.ChangeRebirthAnxietyDifficultyLove challengeDesireIndifferenceGratitudeEnthusiasm专业理论知识拓展部分巴赫金：1、俄罗斯著名思想家、哲学家、伦理学家、文艺学家、文学批评家、语言学家。世界知名的苏联结构主义符号学的代表人物之一。其理论对文艺学、民俗学、人类学、心理学都有巨大影响。2、他的前半生几乎无名
39、碌碌，但自从六十年代在西方被发现以来，他的思想对人文学科的各个领域都产生了深远的影响，众多的思想和理论流派如新马克思主义、结构主义、符号学派等都从他那里取得了为己所用的思想资源。巴赫金的思想非常复杂和深邃，且都是以自己独特的语言和概念来阐述的，因此巴赫金的思想具有开阔的独创性。巴赫金的对话理论的核心思想：1、一切都是手段，对话才是目的2、单一的声音，什么也解释不了，什么也解决不了。3、生命的最低条件和生存的最低条件是： 两个声音。视野剩余：自我不可能封闭和自给自足的，自我的存在与发展都离不开他者。私房分享（一）：保护自己的人际交往之道1. 一定要想方设法管住嘴巴Nothing is to so
40、 good for an ignorant man as silence ; and if he was sensible of this he would not be ignorant.对于无知者来说，保持沉默或许是最好的选择，而无知者若能意识到这一点的话，那他就不算无知了。2. 遇到任何矛盾，对事不对人。3. 偶尔说错话，无意伤人的话，一定要尽快道歉，记住是：尽快！4. 绝对不要管别人的家务事。5. 收到礼物要回赠，被请吃饭一定要回请。6. 领导的观点或言论，只有两个选项可以选：一是赞同，二是保留意见。7. 集体活动，要么（装的）特别高兴的参加，要么（装的）非常痛苦的拒绝。8. 少提自己的私事，普通朋友面前少炫耀，尤其是晒幸福。9. 降低对朋友的期望值，你会发现世界真美好。10. 理解虽万岁，但别指望人人都能理解你。结束语：We could never learn to be brave and patient, if there were only joy in the world.作业：预习了不起的盖茨比推荐电影：闻香识女人、音乐之声、指环王
